Visible quantum-dot-based targeted siRNA delivery for HIF-1α gene silencing

Modulating hypoxia inducible factor-1 by nanomaterials for effective cancer therapy

Hypoxia, which is induced by abnormal tumor growth when it outstrips its oxygen supply, is a major character of cancer. The reaction of cells against hypoxia is mainly concentrated on the hypoxia-induced transcription factors (HIFs), especially HIF-1, which remain stabilized during hypoxia. Additionally, the oxygen-independent mechanism of regulating HIF-1 acts a vital part in different stages of tumor progression as well as chemo-/radio-/PDT resistance, resulting in poor curative effects and prognosis. In this review, we will outline the up-to-date information about how HIF-1 interferes with tumor metastasis and therapy resistance, followed by a detailed introduction of motivating techniques based on various nanomaterials to interfere with HIF signaling for effective cancer therapy. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.

Quantum Dots: Next Generation of Smart Nano-Systems

BACKGROUND

The amalgamation of biological sciences with nano stuff has significantly expedited the progress of biological strategies, greatly promoting practical applications in biomedical fields.

OBJECTIVE

With distinct optical attributes (e.g., robust photostability, restricted emission spectra, tunable broad excitation, and high quantum output), fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have been feasibly functionalized with manageable interfaces and considerably utilized as a new class of optical probe in biological investigations.

METHODS

In this review article, we structured the current advancements in the preparation methods and attributes of QDs. Furthermore, we extend an overview of the outstanding potential of QDs for biomedical research and radical approaches to drug delivery.

CONCLUSION

Notably, the applications of QDs as smart next-generation nanosystems for neuroscience and pharmacokinetic studies have been explained. Moreover, recent interests in the potential toxicity of QDs are also apprised, ranging from cell investigations to animal studies.