Synthesis of Mesoporous Silicas with a Cationic Surfactant-Anionic Polymer Mixture as Template

Preparation of amphiphilic cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) with cationic microblock structure to enhance printing and dyeing sludge dewatering and condition performance

Flocculation is an important pretreatment technology for sludge dewatering, and the flocculant's performance is the key factor to determine the flocculation effect. Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is commonly used in dewatering and conditioning of printing and dyeing sludge (PD sludge), and the research of high-efficiency flocculant is a hot spot in the field of PD sludge dewatering. Hydrophobic butylacrylate (BA) and (2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) were introduced into the copolymer, and amphiphilic (hydrophilic/lipophilic) CPAM, namely TP-ADB, with microblock structure was synthesized by ultrasonic initiated template copolymerization in this study. The functional group composition of TP-ADB was determined by FTIR and ¹H NMR. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that TP-ADB had good thermal stability. The amphiphilic rheological properties of the copolymer were measured according to the apparent viscosity. In addition, ¹H NMR and TGA results confirmed the existence of microblock structure in the copolymer chain. The polymerization mechanism was discussed by association coefficient (K_M) measurement. The results showed that the template copolymerization initiated by ultrasonic followed the law of free radical copolymerization. The pre-adsorption of DMC with sodium polyacrylate template (NaPAA) before the reaction confirmed that the template polymerization accorded with ZIP I mechanism. The cationic microblock structure and hydrophobic association of TP-ADB promoted the dewatering performance of PD sludge (FCMC = 72.9%, turbidity removal rate = 98.9%, SRF = 4.2 × 10¹² m·kg^-1). Hydrophobic association enhanced the bridging, sweeping, and net catching effect, and promoted the growth of floc size and fractal dimension. Cationic microblock structure can produce compact floc with higher mechanical strength by enhancing electrical neutralization and electrical patching. As a skeleton, the compressibility of filter cake was reduced and the permeability was enhanced, and the PD sludge dewatering effect was significantly improved.