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Zheng W, Gao R, Wang F, Shan G, Gao H. Identification of Chemical Constituents in Zhizhu Pills Based on UPLC-QTOF-MSE. J AOAC Int 2022; 105:1555-1575. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Zhizhu pills (ZZP) are a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, mainly used for clinically treating digestive diseases such as functional dyspepsia, constipation, and peptic ulcer. However, the chemical constituents of ZZP have rarely been reported.
Objective
To establish an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MSE) method for the identification of chemical constituents in ZZP, including individual herbs and a complicated Chinese medicinal formula.
Methods
The extracts of ZZP and its individual herb samples were analyzed by a UPLC-QTOF-MSE method on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm id, 1.8 μm particle size) using a gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile - 0.1% formic acid water (v/v) at a constant flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. With the MSE technique, both precursor ion and fragmentation information of compounds can be simultaneously acquired by alternating between low and high collision energy during a single chromatographic run. The data were analyzed on UNIFI.
Results
A total of 154 compounds, including 67 flavonoids, 17 coumarins, 11 terpenoids, 10 alkaloids, six limonoids, six sequiterpene lactones, and 37 other components, were ultimately identified based on accurate masses and fragmentation patterns in ZZP and its individual herbs.
Conclusions
This paper summarized fragmentation patterns of flavonoids, sequiterpene lactones, alkaloids, coumarins, and limonoids. A rapid, accurate, and comprehensive UPLC-QTOF-MSE method has been developed for the identification of chemical compounds and applied to simultaneously evaluate the quality and effectiveness of ZZP.
Highlights
A total of 154 compounds were ultimately identified in ZZP and its individual herbs by UPLC-QTOF-MSE; the fragmentation patterns of flavonoids, sequiterpene lactones, alkaloids, coumarins, and limonoids in ZZP and its individual herbs are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Ruxi Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Fanyi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Guoshun Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Dalian, Liaoning 116600, China
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Wang YK, Zhou ZM, Dai MY, Ma XF, Xiao XR, Zhang SW, Liu HN, Li F. Discovery and validation of quality markers of Fructus Aurantii against acetylcholinesterase using metabolomics and bioactivity assays. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2189-2205. [PMID: 33784419 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fructus Aurantii is a traditional medicated diet in East Asia. To determine the underlying chemical markers responsible for the quality and efficacy of Fructus Aurantii, a sensitive metabolomic method was applied to distinguish Fructus Aurantii in Jiangxi Province from other two geographical locations (Hunan Province and Chongqing City) in China. In the present study, multivariate analyses were adopted to compare chemical compositions in 21 batches of Fructus Aurantii samples. Among three geographical origins, 23 differential compounds were structurally identified. Serum pharmacochemistry exhibited that 22 components could be detected in rat serum. Six differential and absorbed components were selected as six potential markers. Statistical analysis revealed that the content of six markers varied widely in three origins of Fructus Aurantii. Six differential and absorbed components were evaluated further by biological activity. Neohesperidin, naringin, and meranzin showed inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase that regulates gastrointestinal motility in vitro and in silico, suggesting that these three components may be determined as the active biomarkers of Fructus Aurantii. These findings demonstrate the potential of biomarkers for identification and quality control of Fructus Aurantii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Meng Zhou
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Man-Yun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Ma
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Shou-Wen Zhang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ning Liu
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Liu C, Hou W, Li S, Tsao R. Extraction and isolation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Citrus limon peel using an in vitro method. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1531-1543. [PMID: 31999045 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based method was developed for the rapid screening and identification of ligands from Citrus limon peel, which are suitable acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Subsequently, the anti-Alzheimer's activity of these compounds was assessed using a PC12 cell model. Six major compounds, viz. neoeriocitrin, isonaringin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and limonin, were identified as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. A continuous and efficient online method, which involved the use of a microwave-assisted extraction device, solvent concentration tank, and centrifugal partition chromatography column, was developed for the scale-up of these compounds, and the obtained compounds presented high purity. Next, their bioactivity was evaluated using a PC12 cell model. This novel approach, which was based on ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, microwave-assisted extraction online coupled with solvent concentration tank, and centrifugal partition chromatography along with in vitro evaluation, could represent a powerful tool for the screening and extraction of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from complex matrices, and could be a useful platform for the large-scale production of bioactive and nutraceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Wanchao Hou
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Yu L, Chen M, Liu J, Huang X, He W, Qing Z, Zeng J. Systematic Detection and Identification of Bioactive Ingredients from Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined with a Screening Method. Molecules 2020; 25:E357. [PMID: 31952271 PMCID: PMC7024317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter orange, Citrus aurantium L. var. amara (CAVA), is an important crop and its flowers and fruits are widely used in China as a food spice, as well as in traditional Chinese medicine, due to its health-promoting properties. The secondary metabolites that are present in plant-derived foods or medicines are, in part, responsible for the health benefits and desirable flavor profiles. Nevertheless, detailed information about the bioactive ingredients in CAVA is scarce. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the phytochemicals of CAVA by high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Here, a systematic screening method combined with HPLC-Q-TOF-MS was presented. This technique was used to systematically screen metabolites, primarily from the complex matrix of CAVA, and to identify these compounds by their exact masses, characteristic fragment ions, and fragmentation behaviors. A total of 295 metabolites were screened by the screening method and 89 phytochemicals were identified in the flowers, fruits, roots, leaves, and branches of CAVA. For the first time, 69 phytochemicals (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, etc.) were reported from CAVA. The results highlight the importance of CAVA as a source of secondary metabolites in the food, medicine, and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Miaofen Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Jinghong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiuqiong Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Wei He
- Green Melody Bio-engineering Group Company Limited, Changsha 410329, China;
| | - Zhixing Qing
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (L.Y.); (M.C.); (J.L.); (X.H.)
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Zhao Y, Wang M, Sun L, Jiang X, Zhao M, Zhao C. Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents of Sanhua decoction by UHPLC coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26109-26119. [PMID: 35519733 PMCID: PMC9055441 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02264k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanhua decoction, a famous Chinese herbal formula has been widely used for the treatment of stroke. In our study, a rapid, swift and straightforward analytical method with the help of UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS/MS was successfully developed for the first time to separate and identify the chemical constituents of Sanhua decoction. Chromatography was performed on a Universal XB C18 column (150 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) using a mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid–water (A) and acetonitrile (B). A total of 137 compounds in Sanhua decoction were identified or tentatively characterized. The findings revealed the fact that Sanhua decoction mainly contains flavonoids (in Aurantii fructus immaturus and Rheum palmatum L.), anthraquinones (in Rheum palmatum L.), coumarins (in Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix), phenylpropanoid glycosides, alkaloids and lignans (in Magnoliae Officmalis Cortex), which made up the key ingredients existing in Sanhua decoction. This study is hoped to be meaningful for the characterization of components in other traditional Chinese medicines, and lay the foundation for research on the pharmacology of Sanhua decoction. Sanhua decoction, a famous Chinese herbal formula has been widely used for the treatment of stroke.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
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He Y, Li Z, Wang W, Sooranna SR, Shi Y, Chen Y, Wu C, Zeng J, Tang Q, Xie H. Chemical Profiles and Simultaneous Quantification of Aurantii fructus by Use of HPLC-Q-TOF-MS Combined with GC-MS and HPLC Methods. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092189. [PMID: 30200226 PMCID: PMC6225099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurantii fructus (AF) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to improve gastrointestinal motility disorders for over a thousand years, but there is no exhaustive identification of the basic chemical components and comprehensive quality control of this herb. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to identify the basic chemical compounds, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to determine the major biochemical markers from AF extract. There were 104 compounds belonging to eight structure types, including 13 amino acids or peptides, seven alkaloids, 18 flavanones, 14 flavones, 15 polymethoxyflavonoids, six triterpenoids, nine coumarins, and 18 volatile oils, as well as four other compounds that were systematically identified as the basic components from AF, and among them, 41 compounds were reported for the first time. Twelve bioactive ingredients were chosen as the benchmark markers to evaluate the quality of AF. The analysis was completed with a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min within 55 min. This efficient method was validated showing good linearity, precision, stability, repeatability and recovery. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of 12 chemical markers in different samples of AF. This study could be applied to the identification of multiple bioactive substances and improve the quality control of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Zongkai Li
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 565006, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Suren R Sooranna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London SW10 9NH, UK.
| | - Yiting Shi
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Changqiao Wu
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Qi Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Hongqi Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Chemical and biological comparison of the fruit extracts of Citrus wilsonii Tanaka and Citrus medica L. Food Chem 2015; 173:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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