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Jha R, Gangwar M, Chahar D, Setty Balakrishnan A, Negi MPS, Misra-Bhattacharya S. Humans from Wuchereria bancrofti endemic area elicit substantial immune response to proteins of the filarial parasite Brugia malayi and its endosymbiont Wolbachia. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:40. [PMID: 28118850 PMCID: PMC5259955 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, immune responses to several Brugia malayi immunodominant antigens have been characterized in filaria-infected populations; however, little is known regarding Wolbachia proteins. We earlier cloned and characterized few B. malayi (trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, Bm-TPP and heavy chain myosin, BmAF-Myo) and Wolbachia (translation initiation factor-1, Wol Tl IF-1 and NAD+-dependent DNA ligase, wBm-LigA) proteins and investigated the immune responses, which they triggered in animal models. The current study emphasizes on immunological characteristics of these proteins in three major categories of filarial endemic zones: endemic normal (EN, asymptomatic, amicrofilaraemic; putatively immune), microfilariae carriers (MF, asymptomatic but microfilaraemic), and chronic filarial patients (CP, symptomatic and mostly amicrofilaraemic). METHODS Immunoblotting and ELISA were carried out to measure IgG and isotype antibodies against these recombinant proteins in various clinical categories. Involvement of serum antibodies in infective larvae killing was assessed by antibody-dependent cellular adhesion and cytotoxicity assay. Cellular immune response was investigated by in vitro proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in these cells after stimulation. RESULTS Immune responses of EN and CP displayed almost similar level of IgG to Wol Tl IF-1 while other three proteins had higher serum IgG in EN individuals only. Specific IgA, IgG1, IgG3 and IgM to Bm-TPP were high in EN subjects, while BmAF-Myo additionally showed elevated IgG2. Enhanced IgA and IgG3 were detected in both EN and CP individuals in response to Wol Tl IF-1 antigen, but IgG1 and IgM were high only in EN individuals. wBm-LigA and BmAF-Myo exhibited almost similar pattern of antibody responses. PBMC isolated from EN subjects exhibited higher proliferation and ROS generation when stimulated with all three proteins except for Wol Tl IF-1. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings display high immunogenicity of all four proteins in human subjects and revealed that the EN population was exposed to both B. malayi and Wolbachia proteins simultaneously. In addition, immune responses to Wol Tl IF-1 suggest possible role of this factor in Wolbachia-induced pathological responses while immune responses to other three proteins suggest that these can be explored further as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Jha
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India
| | - Mamta Gangwar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India
| | - Dhanvantri Chahar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Setty Balakrishnan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamraj University, Palkalai Nagar, Madurai, TN, 625021, India
| | - Mahendra Pal Singh Negi
- Biometry and Statistics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India
| | - Shailja Misra-Bhattacharya
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS 10/1, Sector 10 Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, UP, 226031, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India.
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Andure D, Pote K, Khatri V, Amdare N, Padalkar R, Reddy MVR. Immunization with Wuchereria bancrofti Glutathione-S-transferase Elicits a Mixed Th1/Th2 Type of Protective Immune Response Against Filarial Infection in Mastomys. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 31:423-30. [PMID: 27605739 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito borne parasitic infection and can severely affect the normal working ability of an individual. Currently there is no vaccine available to prevent this infection and the development of a potential vaccine could effectively support the on-going mass drug administration program by World Health Organization (WHO). Filarial parasites have complex mechanisms to modulate the host immune responses against them. The glutathione-S-transferases (GST) are the important enzymes effectively involved to counteract the oxidative free radicals produced by the host. In the present study, we have shown that the mastomys which are fully permissible rodents for Brugia malayi when immunized with Wuchereria bancrofti recombinant GST (rWbGST) could induce 65.5 % in situ cytotoxicity against B. malayi infective (L3) larvae. There was a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response in the vaccinated animals, characterized by higher levels of WbGST-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies and pronounced IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 cytokines production by the spleen cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Andure
- Padmashree Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation's Medical College and Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414 111 India
| | - Kiran Pote
- Department of Biochemistry and JB Tropical Disease Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra 442 102 India
| | - Vishal Khatri
- Department of Biochemistry and JB Tropical Disease Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra 442 102 India
| | - Nitin Amdare
- Department of Biochemistry and JB Tropical Disease Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra 442 102 India
| | - Ramchandra Padalkar
- Padmashree Dr. Vithalrao Vikhe Patil Foundation's Medical College and Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 414 111 India
| | - Maryada Venkata Rami Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and JB Tropical Disease Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Maharashtra 442 102 India
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