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Lazarus E, Bays HE. Cancer and Obesity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 3:100026. [PMID: 37990728 PMCID: PMC10661911 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) provides an overview of cancer and increased body fat. Methods The scientific information for this CPS is based upon published scientific citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results Topics include the increased risk of cancers among patients with obesity, cancer risk factor population-attributable fractions, genetic and epigenetic links between obesity and cancer, adiposopathic and mechanistic processes accounting for increased cancer risk among patients with obesity, the role of oxidative stress, and obesity-related cancers based upon Mendelian randomization and observational studies. Other topics include nutritional and physical activity principles for patients with obesity who either have cancer or are at risk for cancer, and preventive care as it relates to cancer and obesity. Conclusions Obesity is the second most common preventable cause of cancer and may be the most common preventable cause of cancer among nonsmokers. This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on cancer is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of obesity. Patients with obesity are at greater risk of developing certain types of cancers, and treatment of obesity may influence the risk, onset, progression, and recurrence of cancer in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Lazarus
- Diplomate American Board of Obesity Medicine, Diplomate American Board of Family Medicine, President Obesity Medicine Association (2021- 2022); Delegate American Medical Association, Clinical Nutrition Center 5995 Greenwood Plaza Blvd, Ste 150, Greenwood Village, CO 80111
| | - Harold Edward Bays
- Diplomate of American Board of Obesity Medicine, Medical Director/President Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Clinical Associate Professor/University of Louisville Medical School, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
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‘You Owe It to Yourself, Everyone You Love and to Our Beleaguered NHS to Get Yourself Fit and Well’: Weight Stigma in the British Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Thematic Analysis. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci10120478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The portrayal of obesity in the media can impact public health by guiding peoples’ behaviours and furthering stigma. Individual responsibility for body weight along with negative portrayals of obesity have frequently dominated UK media discourses on obesity. This study aims to explore how the media has represented obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic through a thematic analysis of 95 UK online newspaper articles published in The Sun, The Mail Online, and The Guardian. The first theme, lifestyle recommendations, accounts for media coverage providing ‘expert’ advice on losing weight. The second theme, individual responsibility, emphasises media appeals to self-governance to tackle obesity and protect the NHS during the pandemic. The third theme, actors of change, explores how celebrities and politicians are presented as examples of weight management. These results suggest that individuals are held responsible for their weight and accountable for protecting the NHS during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stigma can be furthered by the decontextualisation of lifestyle recommendations and exacerbated by the actors of change presented: Celebrity profiles reveal gendered goals for weight management, and politicians exemplify self-governance, which consolidates their power. In conclusion, individualising and stigmatising discourses around obesity have taken new forms during the pandemic that link health responsibility to protecting the NHS and invokes celebrities and politicians to foster action.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores potential sources of weight bias and stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic, including "quarantine-15" messages and discussion of obesity in media and public health campaigns. We examine evidence of the effects of weight bias on well-being during the pandemic and highlight unanswered questions to be addressed in future research. RECENT FINDINGS Studies that have investigated weight change during stay-at-home orders have yielded mixed findings and relied predominantly on self-reported retrospective recall, thus providing weak evidence of a widespread "quarantine-15" effect. No studies to date have evaluated the effects on weight stigma and health of obesity-focused COVID-19 media and public health messages. Individuals with a history of experiencing weight bias may be more vulnerable to binge eating and psychological distress during the pandemic. Weight bias and stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic, and their effects on health and well-being, warrant greater investigation and consideration in public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pearl
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Erica M Schulte
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Halpern B, Louzada MLDC, Aschner P, Gerchman F, Brajkovich I, Faria-Neto JR, Polanco FE, Montero J, Juliá SMM, Lotufo PA, Franco OH. Obesity and COVID-19 in Latin America: A tragedy of two pandemics-Official document of the Latin American Federation of Obesity Societies. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13165. [PMID: 33230898 PMCID: PMC7753730 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In May 2020, Latin America became the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, a region already afflicted by social disparities, poor healthcare access, inadequate nutrition and a large prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Obesity and its comorbidities are increasingly prevalent in Latin America, with a more rapid growth in individuals with lower income, and currently a disease associated with COVID-19 severity, complications and death. In this document, the Latin American Association of Obesity Societies and collaborators present a review of the burden of two pandemics in Latin America, discuss possible mechanisms that explain their relationship with each other and provide public health and individual recommendations, as well as questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Halpern
- Executive Committee, Latin American Federation of Obesity Societies (FLASO), Executive Committee, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.,Obesity Group, Department of Endocrinology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Weight Control Center, Hospital 9 de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura da Costa Louzada
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center of Epidemiology Research on Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Aschner
- Javeriana University School of Medicine, San Ignacio University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fernando Gerchman
- Internal Medicine Department, Post-graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Endocrine and Metabolism Division, Hospital de Clínicas, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Imperia Brajkovich
- Department of Internal Medicine B-School of Medicine "Luis Razetti", University Hospital of Caracas-Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - José Rocha Faria-Neto
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research (EpiCenter), School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Felix Escaño Polanco
- Executive Committee, Latin American Federation of Obesity Societies (FLASO), Executive Committee, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Julio Montero
- Executive Committee, Latin American Federation of Obesity Societies (FLASO), Executive Committee, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.,Executive Committee, Argentinian Society of Obesity and Alimentary Disorders, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia María Marín Juliá
- Executive Committee, Latin American Federation of Obesity Societies (FLASO), Executive Committee, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.,Obesity Group, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Stehouwer CDA. Observational research on severe COVID-19 in diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:56-57. [PMID: 33357490 PMCID: PMC7834334 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Strickhouser JE, Lee JH, Sesker AA, Terracciano A. BMI, Weight Discrimination, and the Trajectory of Distress and Well-Being Across the Coronavirus Pandemic. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:38-45. [PMID: 32975032 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the trajectory of psychological distress and well-being across the coronavirus pandemic by BMI category and weight discrimination. METHODS Participants (N = 1,590) were assessed three times: early February 2020 before the coronavirus crisis in the United States and again in mid-March and late April 2020. Participants reported their weight, height, and weight discrimination in February. Depressed affect, loneliness, purpose in life, life satisfaction, and perceived support were assessed in all surveys; anxiety and stress were assessed in the March/April surveys. RESULTS Prior to the pandemic, reporting weight discrimination or being in the underweight or obesity 2 to 3 categories was associated with more distress and lower well-being. Weight discrimination, not BMI, was associated with a twofold increased risk of incident depression from before to during the pandemic. Weight discrimination was associated with declines in purpose in life and life satisfaction across the pandemic. BMI categories were unrelated to changes in distress/well-being across the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Prior to the pandemic, BMI and weight discrimination were vulnerabilities for greater distress and lower well-being. Weight discrimination, but not BMI, increased risk for incident depression and declines in well-being during the coronavirus pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Jason E Strickhouser
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda A Sesker
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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A Scoping Review of How Income Affects Accessing Local Green Space to Engage in Outdoor Physical Activity to Improve Well-Being: Implications for Post-COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249313. [PMID: 33322829 PMCID: PMC7764517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has set out guidance for promoting physical activity (PA) in the physical environment to promote health and well-being. The aim of this selective scoping review was to investigate the influence of gross income on accessing local green spaces to engage in PA and the associated health benefits. Methods: A scoping review was conducted of international literature to facilitate the clarification of the research question. Findings: 15 papers were critically appraised under two themes: (1) environments and well-being and (2) PA and income/socioeconomic status and impact on the frequency, duration and opportunity to engage in PA. Interpretation: Income is related to differential use of green and blue spaces for PA, due mainly to access issues. People who live in lower socioeconomic areas tend to be more sedentary and there are also gender differences related to PA in built environments. Conclusion: There is an effect of income in using green spaces for PA, but the relationship is non-linear, and there is still a lack of knowledge about what kind of green spaces are best for health benefits. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of accessing green local spaces to engage in physical exercise to improve well-being among the public.
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