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Vrevic E, Malovic P, Bacovic D, Bojanic D, Nokic A. Differences in nutritional status and level of physical activity among adolescents living in urban and rural areas of Montenegro - national study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:896. [PMID: 38532385 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status and physical activity are important factors for adolescent health. These factors may vary by the place of residence. This study aims to assess the nutritional status and physical activity levels, as well as their variations by the place of residence. METHODS The sample consisted of 1503 adolescents (46.3% male; 53.7% female), with a mean age of 15.7 ± 0.7 years. Nutritional status was assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), and Body Fat Percentage (BF). Physical activity levels were assessed using the PAQ-C questionnaire. Differences in nutritional status among adolescents living in urban and rural areas were analyzed using Chi-square test (p ≤ 0.05), while differences in physical activity levels were analyzed using an independent samples t-test (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS In terms of BMI, 14.7% of males were overweight and 10.1% were obese, while 12% of female adolescents were overweight and 3.1% were obese. There were no differences in nutritional status among adolescents living in urban and rural areas (BMI, WHtR, BF). Male adolescents in rural areas had significantly higher physical activity levels compared to urban areas (p = 0.032). They showed higher activity scores during a spare time (p = 0.002), physical education classes (p = 0.002), little breaks (p = 0.007), and lunchtime (p = 0.034). Female adolescents showed significance only in spare time activity (p = 0.020). CONCLUSION The differences in nutritional status among adolescents living in urban and rural areas were not found. However, male adolescents living in urban areas showed lower physical activity levels than their rural counterparts. Strategies should be implemented to promote physical activity among adolescents in urban areas, and attention should be given to the further urbanization process to create improved conditions for engaging in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol Vrevic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Pavle Malovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Dragan Bacovic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Danilo Bojanic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Aldijana Nokic
- Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
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Masquio DCL, Campos RMDS, Netto BDM, de Carvalho-Ferreira JP, Bueno CR, Alouan S, Poletto GT, Ganen ADP, Tufik S, de Mello MT, Nardo N, Dâmaso AR. Interdisciplinary Therapy Improves the Mediators of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7114. [PMID: 38063544 PMCID: PMC10706419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality, as well as a range of other conditions. Obesity is a growing global problem, not only in adults, but also in children and adolescents. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of a one-year interdisciplinary intervention on the cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles of adolescents with obesity. Twenty-two adolescents completed the intervention, which included clinical, nutritional, psychological and physical exercise counselling. Body composition, and metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular risk biomarkers were analyzed before and after one year of intervention. Visceral and subcutaneous fat were determined ultrasonographically. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) equation were used to estimate insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, respectively. A reduction in body mass, adiposity, glucose, and insulin and an improved lipid profile were observed after the therapy. Hyperleptinemia was reduced from 77.3% to 36.4%. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), leptin, the leptin/adiponectin ratio, and the adiponectin/leptin ratio were also significantly improved. Metabolic changes were associated with a reduction in visceral fat and waist circumference, and adiponectin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio were associated with HOMA-IR. The interdisciplinary therapy promoted improvements in hyperleptinemia and metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Cristina Landi Masquio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-061, SP, Brazil;
- Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Nutrição: do Nascimento à Adolescência, Curso de Nutrição, Centro Universitário São Camilo (CUSC), São Paulo 05025-010, SP, Brazil;
- Grupo de Estudos da Obesidade (GEO), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-061, SP, Brazil; (S.A.); (G.T.P.)
| | - Raquel Munhoz da Silveira Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos 11010-150, SP, Brazil;
| | - Bárbara Dal Molin Netto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentação e Nutrição, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 80210-170, PR, Brazil;
| | - Joana Pereira de Carvalho-Ferreira
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Alimentos e Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Roberto Bueno
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto (EEFERP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Stella Alouan
- Grupo de Estudos da Obesidade (GEO), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-061, SP, Brazil; (S.A.); (G.T.P.)
| | - Gabriela Tronca Poletto
- Grupo de Estudos da Obesidade (GEO), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-061, SP, Brazil; (S.A.); (G.T.P.)
| | - Aline de Piano Ganen
- Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Nutrição: do Nascimento à Adolescência, Curso de Nutrição, Centro Universitário São Camilo (CUSC), São Paulo 05025-010, SP, Brazil;
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04724-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- Escola de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31310-250, MG, Brazil;
| | - Nelson Nardo
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Ana R. Dâmaso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-061, SP, Brazil;
- Grupo de Estudos da Obesidade (GEO), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-061, SP, Brazil; (S.A.); (G.T.P.)
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