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Thompson MG, Kuriyama A, Yoshino T, Murphy MG, Jackson JL. Buprenorphine Use in the United States, 2010-2019. Am J Med 2024; 137:280-283. [PMID: 37984777 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buprenorphine is effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and chronic pain, has a safer pharmacological profile than full mu-opioid agonists, and can now be prescribed by any US provider with a Drug Enforcement Administration license. This study aimed to examine a decade of buprenorphine prescribing patterns in the United States. METHODS We abstracted opioid and buprenorphine prescribing patterns, including patient characteristics, from the 2010-2019 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a national probability sample of non-federal, ambulatory encounters. DISCUSSION Among 248,164 ambulatory encounters, opioids were prescribed 2.6%-4.3% of the time with a rate that peaked in 2013 and has been steadily declining. Buprenorphine was infrequently prescribed. Patients receiving buprenorphine were predominantly male (59%), white (70%), younger in age, and had higher rates of substance use disorder (72%). CONCLUSION Buprenorphine is infrequently used, despite being effective for pain and safer than full mu-opioid agonists. The Drug Enforcement Administration recently ended the requirement for prescribers to obtain an X-waiver, which may increase the rate of buprenorphine use among US practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Kuriyama
- Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshino
- Internal Medicine, Nakagami Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | | | - Jeffrey L Jackson
- Clement J Zablocki Wis Veteran Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wis
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Oviedo-Joekes E, Brissette S, MacDonald S, Guh D, Marchand K, Jutha S, Harrison S, Janmohamed A, Zhang DZ, Anis AH, Krausz M, Marsh DC, Schechter MT. Safety profile of injectable hydromorphone and diacetylmorphine for long-term severe opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 176:55-62. [PMID: 28521199 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To review the safety profile of injectable hydromorphone and diacetylmorphine and explore if adverse events (AEs) or serious adverse events (SAEs) were associated with dose and patterns of attendance. METHODS This was a non-inferiority randomized double-blind controlled trial (Vancouver, Canada) testing hydromorphone (n=100) and diacetylmorphine (n=102) for the treatment of severe opioid use disorder. Medications were delivered under the supervision of trained Registered Nurses up to three times daily. AEs were described using MedDRA codes. RESULTS Most common related AEs included immediate post-injection reaction or injection site pruritus reactions, somnolence and opioid overdoses. Adjusted analysis indicated that participants in the hydromorphone group were less likely to have any related AE or SAE compared to the diacetylmorphine group. Related somnolence and opioid overdose events were distributed throughout the six months treatment period. In the diacetylmorphine group, five of the eleven related SAE opioid overdoses (requiring naloxone) occurred in the first 30days since most recent treatment initiation. Analysis of somnolence and opioid overdose (AEs and SAEs) event rates by received dose suggested a non-linear relationship. However, in the diacetylmorphine group higher event rates per person days were recorded at lower doses. CONCLUSIONS When injectable hydromorphone and diacetylmorphine are individually dosed and monitored, their opioid-related side effects, including potential fatal overdoses, are safely mitigated and treated by health care providers. In the midst of an opioid overdose epidemic, injectable options are timely to reach a very important minority of people who inject street opioids and are not attracted to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Oviedo-Joekes
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575- 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Suzanne Brissette
- Centre de recheche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, (CRCHUM), 900 St-Denis, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Scott MacDonald
- Providence Health Care, Providence Crosstown Clinic, 84 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6 B 1G6, Canada
| | - Daphne Guh
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575- 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Kirsten Marchand
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575- 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Salima Jutha
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575- 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Scott Harrison
- Providence Health Care, Providence Crosstown Clinic, 84 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC V6 B 1G6, Canada
| | - Amin Janmohamed
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575- 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Derek Z Zhang
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575- 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Aslam H Anis
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575- 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael Krausz
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575- 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Detwiller Pavilion 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - David C Marsh
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Martin T Schechter
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care, St. Paul's Hospital, 575- 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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