Case report of Plasmodium falciparum malaria presenting as wide complex tachycardia

Falciparum Malaria, Leptospirosis, and Vibrio mimicus Encephalitis in a Resilient Patient: A Remarkable Case of Triple Infection Survival

Malaria is referred to as a "rainy season disease" and is brought on by Plasmodium species. Leptospira interrogans, a spirochete, cause zoonosis leptospirosis. It is pretty uncommon for both diseases to coinfect one another. Before assuming a fever is caused by a vector-borne disease, it is essential to first rule out other possible causes, regardless of the patient's risk factors. This case report demonstrates an unusual coinfection and how it manifests. The patient can avoid many deadly consequences with early detection and prompt treatment. There have been reports of coinfections between malaria and various infectious diseases, including dengue, hantavirus, and filariasis. Recently, a few case reports of coinfection with leptospirosis and malaria have also been published. Leptospirosis and malaria are both spreadable diseases that are prevalent throughout the world, particularly in the tropics. We discuss a case of coinfection with meningoencephalitis, leptospirosis, and malaria in a young male who required intensive care unit (ICU) care. It is difficult to distinguish between single infections and coinfections due to the wide variability in presentation, which may further confound the clinical features. Furthermore, when a coinfection is present but has not yet been identified, the clinical course may worsen because there is no effective treatment. This case report demonstrates the uncommon coinfection appearance and related symptoms. The case study also examined the management of patients with leptospirosis, meningoencephalitis, and life-threatening malaria coinfections as well as the clinical course of such coinfections. A meningeal infection or inflammation that resembles both meningitis and encephalitis is referred to as meningoencephalitis.

Plasmodium falciparum, Vivax and Scrub Typhus in a Young Adult Male: Surviving a Triple Strike

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species and is called a “Rainy season disease”. Scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Both diseases occurring as co-infection are very rare. If a patient presents with a fever complaint, all the possible causes should be ruled out even if the patient shows infectivity for one of the vector-borne diseases. This case report shows the rare occurrence of the co-infection and its presentation. Early detection and timely management can prevent the patient from various fatal complications.

Plasmodium vivax cerebral malaria complicated with venous sinus thrombosis in Colombia

Complicated malaria is usually due to Plasmodium falciparum. Nevertheless, Plasmodium vivax is infrequently related with life-threatening complications. Few cases have been reported of severe Plasmodium vivax infection, and most of them from Southeast Asia and India. We report the first case of cerebral malaria due to Plasmodium vivax in Latin America, complicated with sagittal sinus thrombosis and confirmed by a molecular method.

Analysis of var genes cloned from a Plasmodium falciparum isolate in China

OBJECTIVE

To analyse the var gene repertoire and characterise the chondroitin sulphate A (CSA)-binding activity of the Duffy-binding like (DBL) domains encoded by the var2csa gene of a Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) isolate in Hainan Province, China.

METHODS

The sequences of var DBL1 regions were PCR-amplified, sequenced and the sequence characteristics was bioinformatically analysed. Recombinant proteins encoded by the var2csa genes were expressed and purified. The binding activities of the recombinant proteins to CSA receptor was detected by ELISA assays.

RESULTS

Fifty six unique DBL α sequences were obtained, and the sequences represented similar diversity to the var genes of the genome parasite 3D7. There are two var2csa genes in the P. falciparum isolated from Hainan Province. Unlike in other falciparum parasites such as HB3, the two var2csa genes are more diverged. The receptor-binding capacity of DBL-5ε and DBL-6ε domains of HN var2CSA was studied.

CONCLUSIONS

This work represented the diversity of var genes of a P. falciparum isolate in China.