Serum leptin level in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and its relation to insulin resistance

Evaluation the Role of Ghrelin and Leptin as Biochemical Marker in Female with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

INTRODUCTION

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. PCOS is a heterogeneous complex disorder of unwell defined aetiology. Some studies report its association to various endocrine, metabolic and immunological abnormalities. The hunger hormones ghrelin and leptin affect the pathogenesis of PCOS and might lead to the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese women.

AIM

The study aims at evaluating the role of ghrelin and leptin level in female with poly cystic ovary syndrome as a biochemical marker for the diagnosis and monitoring progression.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

The study including one hundred PCOS patients and fifty apparently healthy subjects with regular menstrual cycle, visiting gynecology outpatient clinic of Kalar General Hospital, from the beginning of February 2015 to the end of June 2015. Body mass index (BMI) along with serum ghrelin, leptin, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels were measured for both groups. Serum leptin was determined using sandwich ELISA, while serum ghrelin was determined using competitive ELISA. Differences between patient and control groups were tested by using t-test. Also one way Anova was used to test the relation among different groups.

RESULTS

There was a significant decrease in ghrelin level and increase in leptin levels in women with PCOS when compared with control group. Also there was a significant elevation in serum level of LH ,Testosterone , Prolactin and decrease in serum FSH in PCOS patients when compared to control group. Additionally, serum ghrelin decreased and serum leptin level increased significantly in women with PCOS compared to controls in all age and BMI groups.

CONCLUSION

The significant decrease in ghrelin and increased in leptin in PCOS patients than in controls indicated that they are at high risk for metabolic syndrome development.

Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptome profiling of polycystic ovary syndrome

The present study aimed to identify potentially important biomarkers associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by integrating DNA methylation with transcriptome profiling. The transcription (E‑MTAB‑3768) and methylation (E‑MTAB‑3777) datasets were retrieved from ArrayExpress. Paired transcription and methylation profiling data of 10 cases of PCOS and 10 healthy controls were available for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs). Genes with a negative correlation between expression levels and methylation levels were retained by correlation analysis to construct a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network. Subsequently, functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed to identify genes in the PPI network. Additionally, a disease‑associated pathway network was also established. A total of 491 overlapping genes, and the expression levels of 237 genes, were negatively correlated with their methylation levels. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes in the PPI network were mainly involved with biological processes of cellular response to stress, negative regulation of the biosynthetic process, and regulation of cell proliferation. The constructed pathway network associated with PCOS led to the identification of four important genes (SPP1, F2R, IL12B and RBP4) and two important pathways (Jak‑STAT signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand‑receptor interaction). Taken, together, the results from the present study have revealed numerous important genes with abnormal DNA methylation levels and altered mRNA expression levels, along with their associated functions and pathways. These findings may contribute to an improved understanding of the possible pathophysiology of PCOS.