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Collette T, Stevens L, Robinson-Dooley V, Sterling E. COVID-19 Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Among Black Men with Chronic Health Conditions: A Latent Profile Analysis. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 39:734-749. [PMID: 39068542 PMCID: PMC11408096 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2381621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Research indicates that Black communities experienced disproportionately higher numbers of confirmed cases and fatalities throughout the COVID-19 pandemic with Black men experiencing marked reductions in life expectancy. Inequities were further magnified by known COVID-19 such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The current project aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to COVID-19 among Black men with chronic conditions. Specifically, we sought to determine whether COVID-19-related perspectives and behaviors impacted cross-sectional health outcomes. A national sample of Black men (N = 312) who self-reported at least one chronic disease responded to survey questions about their knowledge, attitude, and preventative behaviors (KAP) related to COVID-19. Analyses suggest that unique latent profiles based on COVID-19-related KAP differentially impacted participants' self-reported health and well-being for those low on KAP items. The discussion includes considerations on viral hygiene interventions, misinformation, stigma, and perceptions of discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Collette
- Department of Psychological Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura Stevens
- School of Social Work, Simmons University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Evelina Sterling
- Department of Sociology & Criminal Justice, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
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McKenna M, Nowotny KM. Mass Incarceration, Maternal Vulnerability, and Birth Outcomes Across U.S. Counties. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:1620-1630. [PMID: 39012424 PMCID: PMC11358323 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations among mass incarceration, maternal vulnerability, and disparities in birth outcomes across U.S. counties, utilizing an ecological model and reproductive justice perspective was used. This study tests whether mass incarceration is associated with infant mortality and low birthweight across U.S. counties, and whether maternal vulnerability explains the relationship between mass incarceration and birth disparities. METHODS Data were derived from a variety of public sources and were merged using federal FIPS codes. Outcomes from the CDC Vitality Statistics include percent low birth weight births (births below 2499 g divided by singleton births to women aged 20 to 39) and infant mortality (infant deaths per 1000 live births). Black-White rate ratios were calculated for the birth outcomes to specifically examine the large Black-White disparity in birth outcomes. The analysis controlled for urbanicity, income inequality, median household income, residential segregation, and southern region, as well as a fixed effect for state level differences. RESULTS Findings show that counties with higher rates of incarceration have higher prevalence of infant mortality and low birthweight, as well as greater Black-White disparity in infant mortality. Mass incarceration is associated with increases in adverse birth outcomes and maternal vulnerability partially mediates this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide evidence that heightened levels of incarceration affect birth outcomes for all residents at the county-level. It is imperative to address the overuse of mass incarceration in order to support adequate reproductive healthcare of vulnerable populations in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie McKenna
- Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
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Ngassa Y, Finn J, Brinkley Rubinstein L, Wurcel A. Implementation of Rapid COVID-19 Testing in Criminal Justice Residential Reentry Sites. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2024. [PMID: 39193627 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.23.09.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
The goal was to study the implementation of rapid BINAX COVID-19 testing at criminal justice reentry sites, focusing on framework-guided implementation outcomes. We implemented rapid COVID-19 testing at nine reentry sites in four states (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and New York) and collected test results to measure the (1) adoptability and (2) implementability of COVID-19 testing at reentry sites. We collected data on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the implementation of COVID-19 testing using an anonymous employee Qualtrics survey. Testing was available to symptomatic and exposed residents and employees. COVID-19 testing results were collected from October 2021 to March 2022. Guided by the Expert Recommendations in Implementing Change (ERIC) framework, we chose nine implementation strategies to address barriers during the implementation process. Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility outcomes were captured from employees using validated measures. A total of 302 BINAX COVID-19 tests were used and 26 positive cases were identified. Forty-seven percent of employees participated in the survey. More than half of respondents either agreed or completely agreed with statements about the acceptability, appropriateness, or feasibility of COVID-19 testing. Funding and attention toward COVID-19 testing at reentry sites should be provided to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 in these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvane Ngassa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Finn
- Community Resources for Justice, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Brinkley Rubinstein
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alysse Wurcel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kader F, Kruchten S, Collica-Cox K, Davidson C, Hewlett D, Campo M. Addressing COVID-19 and Health Literacy Disparities Among Correctional Facility Residents Through Dialogue-Based Education. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2024; 30:275-284. [PMID: 38935446 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.24.01.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Carceral communities face heightened COVID-19-related risks while simultaneously experiencing medical mistrust and limited access to health information and services. Health education programs that incorporate dialogue-based, participatory learning models have been shown to motivate health behavior and increase health knowledge in carceral settings. To increase health literacy and change COVID-19-related health behavior among jail residents in the United States, a local health department developed a dialogue-based education program centered around COVID-19 prevention, misinformation, and navigating health care systems. Dialogue-based health information sessions took place in person in a county jail. Pre- and postsurveys gauged the sessions' influence on self-reported health literacy and behavior intention. Overall, 595 residents collectively attended 43 facilitated discussions. Key findings indicate that dialogue-based education can temper medical mistrust, influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviors and increasing health literacy in a carceral setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Kader
- Westchester County Department of Health, White Plains, New York, USA
| | | | - Kim Collica-Cox
- Dyson College of Arts and Sciences, Pace University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charis Davidson
- School of Health and Natural Sciences, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York, USA
| | - Dial Hewlett
- Westchester County Department of Health, White Plains, New York, USA
| | - Marc Campo
- School of Health and Natural Sciences, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, New York, USA
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Mullachery PH, Bilal U, Li R, McClure LA. Area-Level Social Vulnerability and Severe COVID-19: A Case-Control Study Using Electronic Health Records from Multiple Health Systems in the Southeastern Pennsylvania Region. J Urban Health 2024; 101:845-855. [PMID: 38740710 PMCID: PMC11329477 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge about neighborhood characteristics that predict disease burden can be used to guide equity-based public health interventions or targeted social services. We used a case-control design to examine the association between area-level social vulnerability and severe COVID-19 using electronic health records (EHR) from a regional health information hub in the greater Philadelphia region. Severe COVID-19 cases (n = 15,464 unique patients) were defined as those with an inpatient admission and a diagnosis of COVID-19 in 2020. Controls (n = 78,600; 5:1 control-case ratio) were a random sample of individuals who did not have a COVID-19 diagnosis from the same geographic area. Retrospective data on comorbidities and demographic variables were extracted from EHR and linked to area-level social vulnerability index (SVI) data using ZIP codes. Models adjusted for different sets of covariates showed incidence rate ratios (IRR) ranging from 1.15 (95% CI, 1.13-1.17) in the model adjusted for individual-level age, sex, and marital status to 1.09 (95% CI, 1.08-1.11) in the fully adjusted model, which included individual-level comorbidities and race/ethnicity. The fully adjusted model indicates that a 10% higher area-level SVI was associated with a 9% higher risk of severe COVID-19. Individuals in neighborhoods with high social vulnerability were more likely to have severe COVID-19 after accounting for comorbidities and demographic characteristics. Our findings support initiatives incorporating neighborhood-level social determinants of health when planning interventions and allocating resources to mitigate epidemic respiratory diseases, including other coronavirus or influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pricila H Mullachery
- Department of Health Services Administration and Policy, College of Public Health, Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ran Li
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Hutson T, Thurman W, Garcia A, Heitkemper E. Correctional nurses' practices and perceptions of family engagement. Nurs Outlook 2024; 72:102241. [PMID: 39033568 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2024.102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In healthcare, family engagement has been recognized as critical to improved nursing care and outcomes. However, the practice of family engagement in corrections is unknown, despite the large amount of nursing care delivered there. PURPOSE The study's aim was to describe correctional nurses' perceptions of family engagement and the extent to which it is practiced. METHOD A qualitative descriptive study design was used, composed of semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted, including line-by-line coding. DISCUSSION The main themes of the study were: (a) Family engagement is rare, and (b) Systems friction which describe the lack of family engagement in correctional nursing practice, and the need to balance advocating for patients while maintaining a collegial relationship with correction staff. CONCLUSION Despite the lack of family engagement in correctional nurses' practice, most participants felt that family engagement would be beneficial for incarcerated patients but would require changes to institutional policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Hutson
- Health Outcomes Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX.
| | - Whitney Thurman
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Alexandra Garcia
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
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Oser CB, McGladrey M, Booty M, Surratt H, Knudsen HK, Freeman PR, Stevens-Watkins D, Roberts MF, Staton M, Young A, Draper E, Walsh SL. Rapid jail-based implementation of overdose education and naloxone distribution in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2024; 12:27. [PMID: 38935213 PMCID: PMC11212218 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-024-00283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People incarcerated in jails are highly impacted by the opioid epidemic, and overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) is an effective strategy to reduce opioid overdose deaths. This study examines barriers and facilitators of fast-track OEND implementation within the jails in the Wave 1 Kentucky counties of the HEALing Communities Study during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Meeting minutes with jail stakeholders were qualitatively coded using the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) as the coding framework. The analysis highlighted the top barriers and facilitators to fast-track OEND implementation within the PRISM framework. RESULTS Space and staffing shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic, disruptions in interorganizational programming from pandemic-related service suspensions, and a lack of technological solutions (e.g., reliable Internet access) for socially distanced delivery were the top barriers to fast-track OEND implementation. In addition, there were limitations on non-jail staff access to jails during COVID-19. Top facilitators included jail leadership support, the option to prioritize high-risk groups, and the incorporation of OEND processes into existing communications and management software. While the COVID-19 pandemic strained jail infrastructure, jail and partner agency collaboration led to creative implementation strategies for the successful integration of OEND into jail operations. Urban jails were more likely than rural jails to be early adopters of OEND during the public health emergency. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the barriers to and facilitators of OEND within jails will improve implementation efforts seeking to curb opioid overdose deaths. Jail leadership support and interorganizational efforts were key facilitators to implementation; therefore, it is recommended to increase buy-in with multiple agencies to promote success. Challenges brought on by COVID-19 have resulted in a need for innovative solutions for implementation. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04111939, Submitted 30 September 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04111939?titles=HEALing%20Communities%20Study&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie B Oser
- Department of Sociology, Center for Health Equity Transformation, Center on Drug & Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, 1531 Patterson Office Tower, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Margaret McGladrey
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Center for Innovation in Population Health, University of Kentucky, 111 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Marisa Booty
- Department of Sociology, University of Kentucky, 1515 Patterson Office Tower, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Hilary Surratt
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug & Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, 845 Angliana Avenue, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Hannah K Knudsen
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug & Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, 845 Angliana Avenue, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Patricia R Freeman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, Center for the Advance of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Danelle Stevens-Watkins
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, Center on Drug & Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, 103 Dickey Hall, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Monica F Roberts
- Substance Use Priority Research Area, University of Kentucky, 845 Angliana Avenue, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Michele Staton
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug & Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, 1100 Veterans Drive, Medical Behavioral Science Building, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - April Young
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Center on Drug & Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, 111 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Emma Draper
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, 25 Stetson Ct., Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
| | - Sharon L Walsh
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug & Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, 845 Angliana Avenue, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
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Wurcel AG, London K, Crable EL, Cocchi N, Koutoujian PJ, Winkelman TNA. Medicaid Inmate Exclusion Policy and Infectious Diseases Care for Justice-Involved Populations. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:S94-S99. [PMID: 38561870 PMCID: PMC10986832 DOI: 10.3201/eid3013.230742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Medicaid Inmate Exclusion Policy (MIEP) prohibits using federal funds for ambulatory care services and medications (including for infectious diseases) for incarcerated persons. More than one quarter of states, including California and Massachusetts, have asked the federal government for authority to waive the MIEP. To improve health outcomes and continuation of care, those states seek to cover transitional care services provided to persons in the period before release from incarceration. The Massachusetts Sheriffs' Association, Massachusetts Department of Correction, Executive Office of Health and Human Services, and University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School have collaborated to improve infectious disease healthcare service provision before and after release from incarceration. They seek to provide stakeholders working at the intersection of criminal justice and healthcare with tools to advance Medicaid policy and improve treatment and prevention of infectious diseases for persons in jails and prisons by removing MIEP barriers through Section 1115 waivers.
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Bentley-Edwards KL, Adisa O, Ruff KE, McClure ES, Robinson WR. Race, racism, and covid-19 in the US: lessons not learnt. BMJ 2024; 384:e076106. [PMID: 38408791 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-076106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisha L Bentley-Edwards
- Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity at Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Olanrewaju Adisa
- Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity at Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - Kennedy E Ruff
- Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity at Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth S McClure
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Whitney R Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Division of Women's Community and Population Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
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LeMasters K, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Covid-19 in US jails and prisons: implications for the next public health crisis. BMJ 2024; 384:e076975. [PMID: 38373786 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-076975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LeMasters
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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LeMasters K, Ross RK, Edwards JK, Lee H, Robinson WR, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Delamater P, Pence BW. Mass Probation: Effects of Sentencing Severity on Mental Health for Black and White Individuals. Epidemiology 2024; 35:74-83. [PMID: 38032802 PMCID: PMC10683971 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incarceration is associated with negative impacts on mental health. Probation, a form of community supervision, has been lauded as an alternative. However, the effect of probation versus incarceration on mental health is unclear. Our objective was to estimate the impact on mental health of reducing sentencing severity at individuals' first adult criminal-legal encounter. METHODS We used the US National Longitudinal Survey on Youth 1997, a nationally representative dataset of youth followed into their mid-thirties. Restricting to those with an adult encounter (arrest, charge alone or no sentence, probation, incarceration), we used parametric g-computation to estimate the difference in mental health at age 30 (Mental Health Inventory-5) if (1) everyone who received incarceration for their first encounter had received probation and (2) everyone who received probation had received no sentence. RESULTS Among 1835 individuals with adult encounters, 19% were non-Hispanic Black and 65% were non-Hispanic White. Median age at first encounter was 20. Under hypothetical interventions to reduce sentencing, we did not see better mental health overall (Intervention 1, incarceration to probation: RD = -0.01; CI = -0.02, 0.01; Intervention 2, probation to no sentence: RD = 0.00; CI = -0.01, 0.01) or when stratified by race. CONCLUSION Among those with criminal-legal encounters, hypothetical interventions to reduce sentencing, including incremental sentencing reductions, were not associated with improved mental health. Future work should consider the effects of preventing individuals' first criminal-legal encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LeMasters
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rachael K. Ross
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Jessie K. Edwards
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Hedwig Lee
- Department of Sociology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Whitney R. Robinson
- Division of Women’s Community and Population Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Paul Delamater
- Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brian W. Pence
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health
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Van Deinse TB, Zielinski MJ, Holliday SB, Rudd BN, Crable EL. The application of implementation science methods in correctional health intervention research: a systematic review. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:149. [PMID: 38001546 PMCID: PMC10675852 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving access to high-quality healthcare for individuals in correctional settings is critical to advancing health equity in the United States. Compared to the general population, criminal-legal involved individuals experience higher rates of chronic health conditions and poorer health outcomes. Implementation science frameworks and strategies offer useful tools to integrate health interventions into criminal-legal settings and to improve care. A review of implementation science in criminal-legal settings to date is necessary to advance future applications. This systematic review summarizes research that has harnessed implementation science to promote the uptake of effective health interventions in adult criminal-legal settings. METHODS A systematic review of seven databases (Academic Search Premier, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, ProQuest Criminal Justice Database, ProQuest Sociological Abstracts, MEDLINE/PubMed) was conducted. Eligible studies used an implementation science framework to assess implementation outcomes, determinants, and/or implementation strategies in adult criminal-legal settings. Qualitative synthesis was used to extract and summarize settings, study designs, sample characteristics, methods, and application of implementation science methods. Implementation strategies were further analyzed using the Pragmatic Implementation Reporting Tool. RESULTS Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria. Studies implemented interventions to address infectious diseases (n=9), substance use (n=6), mental health (n=5), co-occurring substance use and mental health (n=2), or other health conditions (n=2). Studies varied in their operationalization and description of guiding implementation frameworks/taxonomies. Sixteen studies reported implementation determinants and 12 studies measured implementation outcomes, with acceptability (n=5), feasibility (n=3), and reach (n=2) commonly assessed. Six studies tested implementation strategies. Systematic review results were used to generate recommendations for improving implementation success in criminal-legal contexts. CONCLUSIONS The focus on implementation determinants in correctional health studies reflects the need to tailor implementation efforts to complex organizational and inter-agency contexts. Future studies should investigate policy factors that influence implementation success, design, and test implementation strategies tailored to determinants, and investigate a wider array of implementation outcomes relevant to criminal-legal settings, health interventions relevant to adult and juvenile populations, and health equity outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION A study protocol (CRD42020114111) was registered with Prospero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonya B Van Deinse
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Social Work, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Melissa J Zielinski
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Psychiatric Research Institute, Little Rock, USA
| | | | | | - Erika L Crable
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
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Poirier B, Haag D, Soares G, Jamieson L. Whose values, what bias, which subjectivity?: The need for reflexivity and positionality in epidemiological health equity scholarship. Aust N Z J Public Health 2023; 47:100079. [PMID: 37633183 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Poirier
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia.
| | - Dandara Haag
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia
| | - Gustavo Soares
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia
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Osman I, Williams A, Pierson K, Ryu E, Shlafer RJ. Facilitators and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among incarcerated people and staff in three large, state prisons: a cross-sectional study. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2023; 11:38. [PMID: 37698742 PMCID: PMC10496182 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-023-00240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted individuals in carceral facilities - both incarcerated people and staff. Vaccination is an important tool in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death. While the importance of promoting vaccination is clear, there are considerable barriers to doing so. This study aims to better understand: (1) why individuals chose to receive the COVID-19 vaccine; (2) why individuals were hesitant to vaccinate; (3) what motivators might influence a person's decision to get vaccinated; and (4) what sources of information about COVID-19 vaccination people trust. METHODS We conducted a survey of incarcerated people and facility staff in three, large state prisons in Minnesota to identify barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination. Facilities were recruited to participate through purposive sampling, and surveys were administered between November and December 2021. Descriptive statistics were calculated using Stata. RESULTS Findings demonstrate that, for incarcerated individuals (N = 1,392), the most common reason for getting vaccinated was to return to normal activities in prison (61%, n = 801); the most common reason for being hesitant to get vaccinated was "other" (41%, n = 342), with individuals citing a variety of concerns. For staff (N = 190), the most common reason for getting vaccinated was to protect the health of family and friends (79%, n = 114); the most common reasons for being hesitant were disbelief that vaccination is necessary (55%, n = 23) and distrust of healthcare and public health systems (55%, n = 23). Incarcerated individuals reported that monetary and programmatic incentives would help motivate them to get vaccinated, while staff members said speaking with healthcare professionals and monetary incentives would help motivate them. Lastly, trusted sources of information for incarcerated individuals were healthcare professionals outside of prisons and jails, along with friends and family members. Staff members reported that they trusted healthcare professionals and national health organizations for information about COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS While considerable barriers to COVID-19 vaccination persist among both incarcerated individuals and staff members, these findings also highlight areas of intervention to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence and promote health equity among those disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingie Osman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
| | - Antonio Williams
- COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence Advisory Board, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Katie Pierson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Eric Ryu
- Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca J Shlafer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
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15
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Shabir A, Alkubaisi NA, Shafiq A, Salman M, Baraka MA, Mustafa ZU, Khan YH, Malhi TH, Meyer JC, Godman B. COVID-19 Vaccination Status as Well as Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Prisoners and the Implications. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1081. [PMID: 37376470 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prisoners form a population who are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to overcrowding, limited movement, and a poor living environment. Consequently, there is a need to ascertain the status of COVID-19 vaccination and factors associated with hesitancy among prisoners. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was undertaken among prisoners at three district jails in Punjab Province, Pakistan. A total of 381 prisoners participated and none of the study participants had received an influenza vaccine this year. In total, 53% received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, with the majority having two doses. The top three reasons of vaccine acceptance were "fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection" (56.9%), "desire to return to a pre-pandemic routine as soon as possible" (56.4%), and "having no doubts on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines" (39.6%). There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in any demographic variables between vaccinated and unvaccinated prisoners except for age, which was strongly association with COVID-19 vaccine uptake (χ2(3) = 76.645, p < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.457). Among the unvaccinated prisoners (N = 179), only 16 subsequently showed willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. The top three reasons for hesitancy were: COVID-19 is not a real problem/disease (60.1%), safety concerns (51.1%), and COVID-19 vaccine is a conspiracy (50.3%). Efforts are needed to address their concerns given this population's risks and high hesitancy rates, especially among younger prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Shabir
- Department of Medicines, Tehsil Headquarter (THQ) Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Noorah A Alkubaisi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna Shafiq
- Department of Medicines, Tehsil Headquarter (THQ) Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed A Baraka
- Clinical Pharmacy Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, AlAin Campus, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Zia Ul Mustafa
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy Services, District Headquarter (DHQ) Hospital, Pakpattan 57400, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Habib Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tauqeer Hussain Malhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Johanna C Meyer
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0208, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
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16
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LeMasters K, Behne MF, Lao J, Peterson M, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Suicides in state prisons in the United States: Highlighting gaps in data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285729. [PMID: 37256862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to document data availability and reporting on suicide mortality in state prison systems. The United States leads the world in mass incarceration, a structural determinant of health, but lacks real-time reporting of prison health statistics. This absence is particularly notable in suicides, a leading cause of death that carceral policies play a key role in mitigating. METHODS Suicide data for each state prison system from 2017-2021 were gathered through statistical reports, press releases, and Freedom of Information Act requests. We graded states based on data availability. RESULTS Only sixteen states provide updated, frequent, granular, freely provided suicide data. An additional thirteen states provided frequently updated data but that had little granularity, was incomplete, or was not freely provided. Eight states provided sparse, infrequent, or outdated data, and thirteen provided no data at all. CONCLUSIONS The 2000 Death in Custody Reporting Act requires that states provide these data freely, yet the majority of states do not. There is a need for reliable, real-time data on suicides, suicide attempts, and conditions of confinement to better understand the harms of the carceral system and to advocate for change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LeMasters
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael F Behne
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lao
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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17
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Klein B, Ogbunugafor CB, Schafer BJ, Bhadricha Z, Kori P, Sheldon J, Kaza N, Sharma A, Wang EA, Eliassi-Rad T, Scarpino SV, Hinton E. COVID-19 amplified racial disparities in the US criminal legal system. Nature 2023; 617:344-350. [PMID: 37076624 PMCID: PMC10172107 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The criminal legal system in the USA drives an incarceration rate that is the highest on the planet, with disparities by class and race among its signature features1-3. During the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the number of incarcerated people in the USA decreased by at least 17%-the largest, fastest reduction in prison population in American history4. Here we ask how this reduction influenced the racial composition of US prisons and consider possible mechanisms for these dynamics. Using an original dataset curated from public sources on prison demographics across all 50 states and the District of Columbia, we show that incarcerated white people benefited disproportionately from the decrease in the US prison population and that the fraction of incarcerated Black and Latino people sharply increased. This pattern of increased racial disparity exists across prison systems in nearly every state and reverses a decade-long trend before 2020 and the onset of COVID-19, when the proportion of incarcerated white people was increasing amid declining numbers of incarcerated Black people5. Although a variety of factors underlie these trends, we find that racial inequities in average sentence length are a major contributor. Ultimately, this study reveals how disruptions caused by COVID-19 exacerbated racial inequalities in the criminal legal system, and highlights key forces that sustain mass incarceration. To advance opportunities for data-driven social science, we publicly released the data associated with this study at Zenodo6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Klein
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Institute on Policing, Incarceration & Public Safety, The Hutchins Center for African & African American Research, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - C Brandon Ogbunugafor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Zarana Bhadricha
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Preeti Kori
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jim Sheldon
- Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nitish Kaza
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arush Sharma
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily A Wang
- SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Justice Collaboratory, Yale Law School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tina Eliassi-Rad
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- The Institute for Experiential AI, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel V Scarpino
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Institute for Experiential AI, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Hinton
- Institute on Policing, Incarceration & Public Safety, The Hutchins Center for African & African American Research, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Justice Collaboratory, Yale Law School, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of African American Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Law School, New Haven, CT, USA.
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18
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Peña JM, Schwartz MR, Hernandez-Vallant A, Sanchez GR. Social and structural determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among racial and ethnic groups. J Behav Med 2023; 46:129-139. [PMID: 36652085 PMCID: PMC9846662 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Latino, Black, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN), and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander people have the highest hospitalizations and death rates from COVID-19. Social inequalities have exacerbated COVID-19 related health disparities. This study examines social and structural determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Results from logistic regressions suggest Latino and Black people were less likely to be vaccinated. People that did not have health insurance, a primary care doctor and were unemployed were more than 30% less likely to be vaccinated for COVID-19. Greater perceived health inequalities in one's neighborhood and perceived racial/ethnic discrimination were associated with a decreased odds in being vaccinated. People that suffered the loss of a household member from COVID-19 were three times more likely to have been vaccinated. Establishing policies that will increase access to health insurance and create jobs with living wages may have lasting impacts. Furthermore, collaboration with local and national community organizations can enhance the development of sustainable solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Peña
- Department of Psychology Albuquerque, The University of New Mexico, 2001 Redondo S Dr, Albuquerque, 87106, NM, USA
- Center for Social Policy, The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matthew R Schwartz
- Center for Social Policy, The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alexandra Hernandez-Vallant
- Department of Psychology Albuquerque, The University of New Mexico, 2001 Redondo S Dr, Albuquerque, 87106, NM, USA
- Center for Social Policy, The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Center of Alcohol, The University of New Mexico, Substance Use, and Addictions, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Gabriel R Sanchez
- Center for Social Policy, The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Political Science, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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19
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Jolin JR, Tu L, Stanford FC. Correctional Healthcare - an Engine of Health Inequity. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:216-218. [PMID: 35829873 PMCID: PMC9849606 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James René Jolin
- Department of Government, Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Global Health and Health Policy, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lucy Tu
- Department of Sociology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- MGH Weight Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Endocrinology-Neuroendocrine, Department of Pediatrics-Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard (NORCH), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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LeMasters K, Renson A, Edwards JK, Robinson WR, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Delamater P, Pence B. Inequities in life course criminal legal system sanctions: measuring cumulative involvement. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 76:83-90. [PMID: 36273701 PMCID: PMC10075343 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of incarceration on health is well known. Yet, most studies measure incarceration alone and miss additional exposure to the criminal legal system over time. We evaluated adult criminal legal sanctions - inclusive of arrests, charges, probation, incarceration - from ages 18-35 and inequities by juvenile sanctions and race. METHODS Using the National Longitudinal Survey on Youth 1997, a nationally representative data set of adolescents followed into their mid-thirties (1997-2017), we calculated the mean cumulative count, or the average number of criminal legal events per person per study visit, stratified by juvenile sanctions and race. RESULTS Of 7024 participants, 1679 experienced 3,075 encounters. There were seven arrests, 30 charges, nine probation encounters, and 13 incarceration events /100 participants by age 35. Juvenile sanctions were most common for Black individuals. Among those experiencing juvenile sanctions, Black and White individuals had similar numbers of encounters, but Black individuals had more arrests and incarceration stays. For those without juvenile encounters, Black individuals had more encounters than White individuals. CONCLUSIONS Research on health effects of criminal legal sanctions must consider encounters beyond incarceration and focus on life course trajectories and racial inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LeMasters
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Audrey Renson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jesse K Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Whitney R Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Division of Women's Community and Population Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Paul Delamater
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Geography, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brian Pence
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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21
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Wurcel AG, Kraus C, Johnson O, Zaller ND, Ray B, Spaulding AC, Flynn T, Quinn C, Day R, Akiyama MJ, Del Pozo B, Meyer F, Glenn JE. Stakeholder-engaged research is necessary across the criminal-legal spectrum. J Clin Transl Sci 2022; 7:e5. [PMID: 36755540 PMCID: PMC9879908 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
People with lived experience of incarceration have higher rates of morbidity and mortality compared to people without history of incarceration. Research conducted unethically in prisons and jails led to increased scrutiny of research to ensure the needs of those studied are protected. One consequence of increased restrictions on research with criminal-legal involved populations is reluctance to engage in research evaluations of healthcare for people who are incarcerated and people who have lived experience of incarceration. Ethical research can be done in partnership with people with lived experience of incarceration and other key stakeholders and should be encouraged. In this article, we describe how stakeholder engagement can be accomplished in this setting, and further, how such engagement leads to impactful research that can be disseminated and implemented across disciplines and communities. The goal is to build trust across the spectrum of people who work, live in, or are impacted by the criminal-legal system, with the purpose of moving toward health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysse G. Wurcel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Kraus
- Tufts University Medical Student, JCOIN LEAP Scholar, Boston, MA, USA
| | - O’Dell Johnson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Bradley Ray
- RTI International, Division for Applied Justice Research, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC27709, USA
| | - Anne C. Spaulding
- Associate Professor of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tara Flynn
- Assistant Deputy Superintendent Health Services, Norfolk County Sheriff’s Office, Dedham, MA, USA
| | | | - Ronald Day
- The Fortune Society, Vice President of Programs and Research, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - Matthew J. Akiyama
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Fred Meyer
- Deputy Chief (Retired), Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jason E. Glenn
- Department of History and Philosophy of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, USA
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22
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Maner M, Behne MF, Cullins Z, Cowan KN, Peterson M, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Where Do You Go When Your Prison Cell Floods? Inadequacy of Current Climate Disaster Plans of US Departments of Correction. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:1382-1384. [PMID: 35981274 PMCID: PMC9480475 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Maner
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Michael Forrest Behne
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Zaire Cullins
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Kristen N Cowan
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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