Revisiting the Relationship between Justice and Extra-Role Behavior: The Role of State Ownership

Leadership, religiousness, state ownership of an enterprise and unethical pro-organizational behavior: The mediating role of organizational identification

This study proposes a model in which organizational identification mediates the correlations among state-owned enterprises (SOEs), authentic leadership, Christian religiousness, and unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB). The proposed theoretical framework is based on moral identity theory, social identity theory, and social exchange theory. We tested the hypothesized model using data (N  =  389) from employees of various companies and industries in Poland. Of the respondents, 49.1% worked in SOEs. The reliability and validity of the measures were established. The correlation coefficients among the analyzed variables were obtained using the bootstrap confidence interval method. To thoroughly examine the causal relationships among the variables, covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was adopted. Path analysis was conducted and used to verify a model in which organizational identification mediated the correlations among state involvement in the ownership of an enterprise, authentic leadership, Christian religiousness, and UPB. State involvement in the ownership of an enterprise, authentic leadership, and Christian religiousness were linked to increased organizational identification, which in turn was linked to the intensification of UPB. With the level of organizational identification controlled, state ownership of an enterprise was linked to lower UPB intensity. Limitations, implications and future research directions are discussed.

The State-Owned Enterprise as an Identity: The Influence of Institutional Logics onGuanxiBehavior

Previous research has debated whetherguanxipersists or declines with the development of formal institutions. This study addresses this debate by investigating how the development of formal institutions in China's state-owned organizations influences employees’guanxibehavior. Building on institutional logics theory, I propose thatguanxibehavior is a reaction to the socialist institutions adopted by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and is associated with the collective identity of SOEs. Thus, employees’ identification with SOEs is the mechanism that influences theirguanxibehavior. A survey of 721 employees from 12 organizations comparedguanxibehavior across three types of organizations with different degrees of state ownership: SOEs, public firms, and joint ventures. The results showed that the employees of joint ventures identify less with SOEs and engage in lessguanxibehaviors than do SOE employees. The employees of public firms still identify with SOEs, and theirguanxibehavior did not differ from that of SOE employees. Identification with SOEs mediated the effect of organizational type onguanxibehavior, whereas formalization did not. Therefore, the development of formal institutions does not necessarily decreaseguanxibehavior, and its effect depends on whether the collective identity underlyingguanxiis changed. This study has important implications forguanxiresearch, institutional logics theory, and transition economies.