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Lu Y, Wiltshire HD, Baker JS, Wang Q, Ying S, Li J, Lu Y. Objectively determined physical activity and adiposity measures in adult women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:935892. [PMID: 36082217 PMCID: PMC9445154 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.935892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of adiposity is increasing among adult women. Although emerging evidence suggest that all patterns of heightened physical activity (PA) are important to benefit adiposity, the relationship between objectively assessed intensities of PA and adiposity in women has not yet been assessed. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to qualitatively synthesize and quantitatively assess the evidence for any relationship between objectively measured PA and a wide range of adiposity indicators to guide PA prescription in adult women. Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane library) were searched for eligible studies. 35 studies were included (25 observational and 10 interventional studies), with a total of 9,176 women from 20 countries included. The overall pooled correlation for random effects model (n = 1 intervention and n = 15 cross-sectional studies) revealed that the total volume of physical activity (TPA) was moderately associated with percentage body fat (%BF) (r = −0.59; 95% CI: −1.11, −0.24; p = 0.003). There was a weak but significant association between MVPA with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and visceral adiposity. Daily steps were significantly associated with BMI, %BF, WC, and fat mass, with the strongest association with %BF (r = −0.41; 95% CI: −0.66, −0.19; p < 0.001). Walking programs resulting in increasing daily steps only had a significant effect on WC (SMD = −0.35; 95% CI: −0.65, −0.05; p = 0.02). Overall, objectively determined PA in terms of steps, TPA and MVPA were favorably associated with adiposity outcomes. The improvement in adiposity can be achieved by simply accumulating more PA than previously and adiposity is more likely to be benefited by PA performed at higher intensity. Nonetheless, these results should be interpreted with caution as there were a small number of studies included in the meta-analysis and the majority of studies included utilized cross-sectional designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Lu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University,Ningbo, China
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Huw D. Wiltshire
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiaojun Wang
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University,Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Qiaojun Wang,
| | - Shanshan Ying
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University,Ningbo, China
| | - Jianshe Li
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University,Ningbo, China
| | - Yichen Lu
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
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2
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Ishikawa-Takata K, Nakae S, Sasaki S, Katsukawa F, Tanaka S. Age-Related Decline in Physical Activity Level in the Healthy Older Japanese Population. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:330-338. [PMID: 34719619 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Dietary Reference Intakes 2020 divided the older population into those aged 65-74 y and those over 75 y old. However, physical activity level in each age group was not specified. This study examined age-related differences in physical activity level among healthy Japanese older people, and the effect of lifestyles on these differences. In total, 70 people (22 men, 48 women) aged 65-85 y old participated in this study. Total energy expenditure was measured using the doubly labeled water method, and basal metabolic rate using expired gas concentration and volume. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and a triaxial accelerometer were used to assess physical activities. Physical activity level was significantly higher among 65-74 y old (median 1.86) than those over 75 y old (1.76). However, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly did not show any significant differences between the age groups. The duration of physical activity with 3.0-5.9 metabolic equivalents was longer for both locomotive and household activities among 65-74 y old than those over 75 y old. Younger participants walked a median of 6,364 steps a day, compared with 4,419 steps for older people. The 65-74 y old participants involved in paid work or who habitually exercised, and those over 75 y old taking more than 40 min a day of moderate to vigorous physical activity, and walking more than the median level for their sex and age group had significantly higher physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Satoshi Nakae
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University
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Ishikawa-Takata K, Tanaka S, Park J, Miyachi M, Morita A, Aiba N, Watanabe S. Energy Expenditure in Free-Living Japanese People with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, Measured Using the Doubly-Labeled Water Method. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:319-324. [PMID: 32863304 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We determined the total energy expenditure (TEE) of healthy overweight or obese people, and those with impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired fasting glycemia (IGT/IFG), or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using the doubly-labeled water method. As a second purpose, we compared the measured TEE with the target energy intake recommended in the treatment guidelines for diabetes. The participants were normal glucose tolerance (NGT), and IGT/IFG (n=11) and T2DM (n=9) patients, who were 50-59 y and had a body mass index >25 kg/m2. The median TEE/body mass (BM) values were 32.6, 33.3, and 34.4 kcal/kg BM and the TEE/target BM values (target BM: BM at a BMI of 22 kg/m2) were 43.7, 50.2, and 46.5 kcal/kg target BM for each group, respectively, and did not differ significantly among them. Obese Japanese participants with T2DM in this study had lower TEE/BM than previously studied in non-obese participants with T2DM. In IGT/IFG or T2DM patients, if 30 kcal/kg target BM was used as the energy coefficient, on the basis of the treatment guidelines, the difference between TEE and the target energy intake would be -1,174±552 kcal (-38±11%). When 35 kcal/kg target BM was used as the energy coefficient, the difference between TEE and the target energy intake would be -877±542 kcal (-27±13%). Thus, the energy coefficients used to estimate target energy intake during lifestyle modification in obese/overweight patients with T2DM are considered to be quite low during the first step of diet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University
| | | | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Akemi Morita
- Department of Public Health and Occupation, Mie University
| | - Naomi Aiba
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
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Park J. Using physical activity levels to estimate energy requirements of female athletes. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:1-5. [PMID: 32018339 PMCID: PMC7004509 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The goal of this study was to review data on physical activity level (PAL), a crucial index for determining estimated energy requirement (EER), calculated as total energy expenditure (TEE, assessed with doubly labeled water [DLW]) divided by resting metabolic rate (RMR, PAL = TEE/RMR) in female athletes and to understand the methods of assessing athletes’ EERs in the field. [Methods] For the PAL data review among female athletes, we conducted a PubMed search of the available literature related to the DLW method. DLW studies measuring TEE and RMR were included for the present review. [Results] Briefly, the mean PAL was 1.71 for collegiate swimmers with moderate training, which was relatively low, but the mean PAL was 3.0 for elite swimmers during summer training camp. This shows that PAL can largely vary even within the same sport depending on the amount of training, and the differences in PAL were remarkable depending on the sport. Aside from the DLW method, there is currently no research tool related to athletes’ EERs that can be used in the field. [Conclusion] Briefly, the mean PAL was 1.71 for collegiate swimmers with moderate training, which was relatively low, but the mean PAL was 3.0 for elite swimmers during summer training camp. This shows that PAL can largely vary even within the same sport depending on the amount of training, and the differences in PAL were remarkable depending on the sport. Aside from the DLW method, there is currently no research tool related to athletes’ EERs that can be used in the field.
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Adderley NJ, Subramanian A, Nirantharakumar K, Yiangou A, Gokhale KM, Mollan SP, Sinclair AJ. Association Between Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Women in the United Kingdom. JAMA Neurol 2019; 76:1088-1098. [PMID: 31282950 PMCID: PMC6618853 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has not been previously evaluated in a large matched cohort study in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). OBJECTIVES To estimate the risk of composite cardiovascular events, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), type 2 diabetes, and hypertension in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and compare it with the risk in women, matched on body mass index (BMI) and age, without the condition; and to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of IIH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This population-based matched controlled cohort study used 28 years of data, from January 1, 1990, to January 17, 2018, from The Health Improvement Network (THIN), an anonymized, nationally representative electronic medical records database in the United Kingdom. All female patients aged 16 years or older were eligible for inclusion. Female patients with IIH (n = 2760) were included and randomly matched with up to 10 control patients (n = 27 125) by BMI and age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of cardiovascular outcomes were calculated using Cox regression models. The primary outcome was a composite of any CVD (heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and stroke/TIA), and the secondary outcomes were each CVD outcome, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. RESULTS In total, 2760 women with IIH and 27 125 women without IIH were included. Age and BMI were similar between the 2 groups, with a median (interquartile range) age of 32.1 (25.6-42.0) years in the exposed group and 32.1 (25.7-42.1) years in the control group; in the exposed group 1728 women (62.6%) were obese, and in the control group 16514 women (60.9%) were obese. Higher absolute risks for all cardiovascular outcomes were observed in women with IIH compared with control patients. The aHRs were as follows: composite cardiovascular events, 2.10 (95% CI, 1.61-2.74; P < .001); heart failure, 1.97 (95% CI, 1.16-3.37; P = .01); ischemic heart disease, 1.94 (95% CI, 1.27-2.94; P = .002); stroke/TIA, 2.27 (95% CI, 1.61-3.21; P < .001); type 2 diabetes, 1.30 (95% CI, 1.07-1.57; P = .009); and hypertension, 1.55 (95% CI, 1.30-1.84; P < .001). The incidence of IIH in female patients more than tripled between 2005 and 2017, from 2.5 to 9.3 per 100 000 person-years. Similarly, IIH prevalence increased in the same period, from 26 to 79 per 100 000 women. Incidence increased markedly with BMI higher than 30. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in women appeared to be associated with a 2-fold increase in CVD risk; change in patient care to modify risk factors for CVD may reduce long-term morbidity for women with IIH and warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Adderley
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anuradhaa Subramanian
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Yiangou
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna M Gokhale
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susan P Mollan
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra J Sinclair
- Metabolic Neurology, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Pontzer H, Wood BM, Raichlen DA. Hunter-gatherers as models in public health. Obes Rev 2018; 19 Suppl 1:24-35. [PMID: 30511505 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hunter-gatherer populations are remarkable for their excellent metabolic and cardiovascular health and thus are often used as models in public health, in an effort to understand the root, evolutionary causes of non-communicable diseases. Here, we review recent work on health, activity, energetics and diet among hunter-gatherers and other small-scale societies (e.g. subsistence farmers, horticulturalists and pastoralists), as well as recent fossil and archaeological discoveries, to provide a more comprehensive perspective on lifestyle and health in these populations. We supplement these analyses with new data from the Hadza, a hunter-gatherer population in northern Tanzania. Longevity among small-scale populations approaches that of industrialized populations, and metabolic and cardiovascular disease are rare. Obesity prevalence is very low (<5%), and mean body fat percentage is modest (women: 24-28%, men: 9-18%). Activity levels are high, exceeding 100 min d-1 of moderate and vigorous physical activity, but daily energy expenditures are similar to industrialized populations. Diets in hunter-gatherer and other small-scale societies tend to be less energy dense and richer in fibre and micronutrients than modern diets but are not invariably low carbohydrate as sometimes argued. A more integrative understanding of hunter-gatherer health and lifestyle, including elements beyond diet and activity, will improve public health efforts in industrialized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - B M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Hasegawa J, Suzuki H, Yamauchi T. Impact of season on the association between muscle strength/volume and physical activity among community-dwelling elderly people living in snowy-cold regions. J Physiol Anthropol 2018; 37:25. [PMID: 30424801 PMCID: PMC6234563 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-018-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the benefits of physical activity are well-known, levels of physical inactivity are increasing in many countries. Physical activity, particularly for preventive care of the elderly, must be encouraged. The level of physical activity undertaken by people is influenced by season; however, little is known about seasonal fluctuations of physical activity and its relation to muscle strength/mass. Consequently, we clarified the association between physical activity levels and muscle strength/skeletal muscle mass during non-snowy and snowy seasons in northern Japan. Methods Participants were community-dwelling elderly people aged 65 years or older living in Tobetsu, northern Japan. A 30-s chair-stand test (CS-30) and body composition measurements using bioelectrical impedance analysis were conducted prior to physical activity measurement using a three-dimensional acceleration sensor in both non-snowy and snowy seasons. Daily steps for the non-snowy and snowy seasons were compared using Welch’s t test. The association between the CS-30/skeletal muscle index and daily steps in both seasons was estimated by fitting multiple linear regression models, with age and sex as covariates. Results Average daily step counts were significantly lower during the snowy season, compared to the non-snowy season (P < .01). The CS-30 in the snowy season alone was significantly associated with daily step counts. Multiple linear regression analyses results revealed that, for the same muscle strength in both seasons, the daily step counts during the snowy season were fewer than those during the non-snowy season. Conclusions The muscle strength required to perform adequate physical activity depended on season. This study obtained basic knowledge to ensure health promotion for elderly people living in snowy-cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Hasegawa
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Hideki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Taro Yamauchi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Park J, Ishikawa-Takata K, Lee S, Kim E, Lim K, Kim H, Lee IS, Tanaka S. Comparison of daily physical activity parameters using objective methods between overweight and normal-weight children. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2018; 7:210-217. [PMID: 30356488 PMCID: PMC6180554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to determine if there were any differences in various aspects of physical activity such as energy expenditure, intensity, and type of activity between normal-weight and overweight boys. METHODS Children aged 9-12 years were recruited from 2 elementary schools located in different urban districts in Republic of Korea. The present study included 45 Korean boys, of which 19 were normal-weight and 26 were overweight. Daily physical activity was estimated over the same 1-week study period under free-living conditions using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and a tri-axial accelerometer. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured using the Douglas bag method and open-circuit indirect calorimetry. We calculated the physical activity level (PAL) as the total energy expenditure (TEE)/RMR. RESULTS PAL was not significantly different between the groups. In the accelerometer data, time spent in locomotive moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly lower in overweight boys than in normal-weight subjects, whereas other variables including non-locomotive activity did not differ between groups. In addition, among all participants, time spent in total locomotive activity was significantly associated with PAL. Time spent in locomotive MVPA was significantly associated with PAL. CONCLUSION Overweight boys may be less physically active based on locomotive MVPA, which was positively related with PAL. Our findings suggest that the contribution of locomotive MVPA to the increase in PAL was relatively significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Sangjik Lee
- Division of Physical Education, Uiduk University, Gyeongju 38004, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungryul Kim
- Division of Physical Education, Uiduk University, Gyeongju 38004, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Lee
- Division of Food Service Industry, Uiduk University, Gyeongju 38004, Republic of Korea
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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Park JH, Ishikawa-Takata K, Lee SJ, Kim EK, Lim KW, Kim HR, Lee IS, Tanaka S. Association between daily step counts and physical activity level among Korean elementary schoolchildren. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:51-55. [PMID: 27757388 PMCID: PMC5067418 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.09.20.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of the current study was to investigate steps per day (steps/d) and physical activity level (PAL) in Korean elementary school children having normal weight (normal-weight). We also clarified whether a gender difference exited between steps/d and PAL. [Methods] Children aged 9 to 12 y were recruited from two elementary schools located in different urban districts in Korea. The present study included 33 Korean children, of which 18 were normal-weight boys and 15 were normal-weight girls. During the same 1 week study period under free-living conditions the total energy expenditure (TEE) and step counts were estimated using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method and an accelerometer, respectively. We calculated PAL as the TEE/ resting metabolic rate. [Results] The range of PAL was 1.25 – 1.93 with a mean value of 1.57. None of the variables of energy expenditure was significantly different by sex. However, steps/d were significantly higher in boys than in girls. When adjusting regression analysis by gender, steps/ d were positively associated with PAL among all subjects (r = 0.56, P < 0.01). Furthermore, steps/d were positively associated with PAL in boys (r = 0.68, P < 0.01), but not in girls (r = 0.27, P = 0.34). [Conclusion] Our results suggest that locomotive activity may be the main contributor to the individual PAL differences for elementary school boys, while non-locomotive activity may be the main contributor for elementary school girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-hoon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Japan
| | - Sang-jik Lee
- Division of Physical Education, Uiduk University, Gyeongju Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-kyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-won Lim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-ryul Kim
- Division of Physical Education, Uiduk University, Gyeongju Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Lee
- Division of Physical Education, Uiduk University, Gyeongju Republic of Korea
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Japan
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10
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Madden AM, Mulrooney HM, Shah S. Estimation of energy expenditure using prediction equations in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29:458-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Madden
- School of Life and Medical Sciences; University of Hertfordshire; Hatfield UK
| | - H. M. Mulrooney
- School of Life Sciences; Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, University of Kingston; Kingston Upon Thames UK
| | - S. Shah
- School of Life and Medical Sciences; University of Hertfordshire; Hatfield UK
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11
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Keino S, van den Borne B, Plasqui G. Body composition, water turnover and physical activity among women in Narok County, Kenya. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1212. [PMID: 25420458 PMCID: PMC4252005 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developing countries where access to water and food is not guaranteed, women may have to travel long distances or engage in intense physical activities to gather food. This may compromise their water requirements and overall nutritional status. The aim of the study was to determine water turnover, physical activity and body composition among women in Kenya and to describe the differences between rural and urban Kenyan women. METHODS Thirty women from Narok County who were not pregnant at the time of the study were recruited. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. Deuterium dilution was used to determine total body water (TBW) and water turnover was measured from deuterium elimination. Fat-free mass (FFM) was calculated by assuming a constant hydration fraction of 73.2%. Accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X) were used to assess physical activity and expressed as Vector magnitude counts per day (VM/day). Simple and multiple linear regressions were used to define the determinants of water turnover. RESULTS Mean BMI was 23.4 ± 4.1 and 21.5 ± 3.8 among rural and urban women respectively. The prevalence of overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m(2)) was 24.1% and of underweight (BMI < 18.4 kg/m2)) was 25%. The mean total body water (TBW) was 29.3 ± 4.2 liters (L) and water turnover was 3.2 ± 0.8 liters per day (L/day). Water loss was positively associated with BMI (R(2) = .45, p < 0.001, n = 28) and Fat mass index (FMI) (R(2) = .41, p < 0.001, n = 28). Water loss was also positively associated with physical activity (PA) (R(2) = .25, p < 0.05, n = 22). Multiple regression analysis showed that physical activity in addition to BMI in the model explained an additional 15% of the variation in water turnover (r(2) = 0.53, p < 0.05; ∆r(2) = 0.15, p < 0.05, n = 22) compared to BMI alone (r(2) = 0.38, p < 0.005 n = 22). CONCLUSION BMI together with physical activity were the strongest predictors of water loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Keino
- Department of Health Education & Promotion, Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P,O BOX 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Park J, Kazuko IT, Kim E, Kim J, Yoon J. Estimating free-living human energy expenditure: Practical aspects of the doubly labeled water method and its applications. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:241-8. [PMID: 24944767 PMCID: PMC4058556 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The accuracy and noninvasive nature of the doubly labeled water (DLW) method makes it ideal for the study of human energy metabolism in free-living conditions. However, the DLW method is not always practical in many developing and Asian countries because of the high costs of isotopes and equipment for isotope analysis as well as the expertise required for analysis. This review provides information about the theoretical background and practical aspects of the DLW method, including optimal dose, basic protocols of two- and multiple-point approaches, experimental procedures, and isotopic analysis. We also introduce applications of DLW data, such as determining the equations of estimated energy requirement and validation studies of energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Ishikawa-Takata Kazuko
- Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Eunkyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, Pai-Chai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea
| | - Jinsook Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea
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The association between physical activity and reduced body fat lessens with age - results from a cross-sectional study in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2014; 55:107-12. [PMID: 24746512 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between accelerometer-determined physical activity (PA) and adiposity in community-dwelling older adults. In addition, we were interested in comparing the extent of correlation between questionnaire and accelerometer determined PA. METHODS 636 community-dwelling older adults (66±7years) were studied. Adiposity was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and BMI was calculated. We measured minutes/day spent in sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous intensity activity using both questionnaires and Actigraph GT1M accelerometers. RESULTS Participants spent a median of 583(IQR 522-646), 225(176-271), 27(12-45) and 0(0-0) minutes in sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous activities respectively. There was a non linear dose-response inverse relationship between activity intensity and adiposity. After adjusting for age, sex and other levels of PA, for every 10minute increase in activity, total body fat decreased by 169g(95% CI 61-277), 905g(632-1178), and 2208g(759-3657) for light, moderate and vigorous activities respectively. There was an interaction between age and activity; as age increased, the magnitude of the effects of light and moderate activities on adiposity decreased. Sedentary minutes were not associated with adiposity after adjusting for time spent at other PA intensities. Questionnaire measures of PA were weakly correlated with body fat measures when compared to accelerometer determined PA. CONCLUSION Both the amount and intensity of PA, but not sedentary time, have an independent dose-response association with adiposity. The association is much stronger using objective assessment compared to questionnaire. The magnitude of these associations decrease with age suggesting that physical activity programmes may need to be modified with increasing age.
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14
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The relationship of body composition to daily physical activity in free-living Japanese adult men. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:182-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513001918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate whether a previously reported apparent negative relationship between fat mass and daily physical activity in Japanese adult women would also be observed in Japanese adult men. The subjects were grouped into quartiles of BMI and body fat percentage (%BF). The number of steps walked each day and the duration of light- to vigorous-intensity physical activity were assessed by an accelerometer over the same period of time as for the doubly labelled water experiment. The results showed that BMI negatively correlated with the number of steps and time spent in moderate-intensity physical activity, whereas %BF showed a negative relationship with physical activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE)/body weight (BW) and physical activity level. The analysis of data using %BF quartiles revealed that PAEE/BW decreased from the second quartile in which the BMI was < 25 kg/m2. These observations are similar to those reported in our previous study in Japanese adult women. These cross-sectional studies cannot prove causality, and that obesity causes physical inactivity may be the case. However, the results of the present study provide information regarding which physical activity variables should be used in longitudinal studies.
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15
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Obesity and Physical Activity in the Daily Life of Patients with COPD. Lung 2012; 190:403-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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