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Ioannou CS, Hadjichristodoulou C, Mouchtouri VA, Papadopoulos NT. Effects of Selection to Diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis Var. Israelensis on the Overwintering Successes of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). INSECTS 2021; 12:822. [PMID: 34564261 PMCID: PMC8471009 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito species responsible for local transmission of chikungunya and dengue viruses in Europe. In the absence of available treatments, insecticides-based control remains one of the most important viable strategies to prevent emerging problems. Diflubenzuron (DFB) and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) are among the most commonly used larvicides for Ae. albopictus control with consequent concerns for the potential development of resistance. Studies on the resistance emergence in Ae. albopictus and its persistence in the wild to both DFB and Bti are essential for the efficient and sustainable planning of the control programmes. In this context, larvae from a recently laboratory established population were subjected to increasing selective pressure for nine successive generations using both DFB and Bti. The resistance levels and the overwintering success of the selected populations relative to control (colonies that received no selection) were determined. Results revealed an 8.5- and 1.6-fold increase on the resistance levels following selection with DFB and Bti, respectively. The selection process to both larvicides had no apparent impacts on the overwintering capability relative to control, suggesting the successful persistence of the selected individuals in the wild on an annual base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos S. Ioannou
- Laboratory of Hygiene & Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (C.S.I.); (C.H.); (V.A.M.)
- Laboratory of Entomology & Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop. Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Christos Hadjichristodoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene & Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (C.S.I.); (C.H.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Varvara A. Mouchtouri
- Laboratory of Hygiene & Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Science, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece; (C.S.I.); (C.H.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Entomology & Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop. Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
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Population Dynamics of Six Major Insect Pests During Multiple Crop Growing Seasons in Northwestern New Mexico. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10110369. [PMID: 31653101 PMCID: PMC6920926 DOI: 10.3390/insects10110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to monitor the population dynamics of six major insect pests at the NMSU Agricultural Science Center at Farmington (ASC-Farmington) and within an adjacent commercial farm (Navajo Agricultural Products Industry, NAPI) for more effective and efficient pest management during the 2013-2019 period. Specific pheromone traps, sticky and net traps were used to collects moths of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli), and western bean cutworm (Striacosta albicosta). These insects generally appear in early June and their population decreases toward the end of August/early September with different peak times and magnitudes during July and August. Bactericera cockerelli was not substantially present in the commercial farm due to intensive insecticide application. Overall, all six insect species were present at ASC-Farmington, with relative abundance, in percent of the total collected moths by all traps, varying from 6.5 to 19% for Trichoplusia ni, 16 to 29.2% for Spodoptera exigua, 1.5 to 20.6% for Striacosta albicosta, 10 to 25% for Helicoverpa zea, 18.5 to 25.6% for Spodoptera frugiperda and 8.5 to 26.9% for Bactericera cockerelli. In NAPI's commercial field, while the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli was not recorded, Trichoplusia ni and Spodoptera exigua showed decreasing rates that varied from 27.5 to 4.2% and from 49.3 to 7.8%, respectively. Striacosta albicosta, Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera exigua showed increasing rates varying from 2.9 to 28%, from 7.8 to 25.3% and from 10.9 to 52%, respectively. The results of this study could serve as a guideline for sustainable management strategies for each of the six species for production profitability.
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Orozco-Flores AA, Valadez-Lira JA, Oppert B, Gomez-Flores R, Tamez-Guerra R, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Tamez-Guerra P. Regulation by gut bacteria of immune response, Bacillus thuringiensis susceptibility and hemolin expression in Plodia interpunctella. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 98:275-283. [PMID: 28167070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) is an important stored grain insect pest worldwide, and the first lepidopteran with reported resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. Since gut bacteria may affect Bt insecticidal activity, we evaluated whether P. interpunctella lacking gut bacteria had differences in immune responses and susceptibility to the Bt formulation, Bactospeine. In order to clear gut bacteria, third instar larvae were reared on artificial diet containing antibiotics, or were obtained from sterilized eggs and reared under sterile conditions, and larvae were fed diets with or without Bt. Mortality was significantly lower (p<0.05) in bacteria-free larvae treated with Bt, compared with Bt-treated larvae with unaffected gut bacteria. The number of hemocytes was lower in control and Bt-treated larvae, but was significantly higher (p<0.001) in larvae treated with antibiotics and Bt, and larvae from presterilized eggs and reared on sterile diet had the highest number of hemocytes. Phenoloxidase activity was significantly lower (p<0.05) in Bt-treated larvae from presterilized eggs reared on antibiotics for 24h or in larvae reared on antibiotic-treated diets prior to Bt introduction compared with those fed control diet. Hemolin gene expression was reduced in larvae fed Bt diets compared with control and was not detected in larvae treated with antibiotics. Larvae from sterilized eggs and fed sterile diet never reached the pupal stage. Therefore, the loss of gut bacteria in P. interpunctella larvae affected the host immune response and expression of the hemolin gene, and significantly reduced susceptibility to Bt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso A Orozco-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L. 66455, Mexico
| | - Jose A Valadez-Lira
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L. 66455, Mexico
| | - Brenda Oppert
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Ave., Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L. 66455, Mexico
| | - Reyes Tamez-Guerra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L. 66455, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L. 66455, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L. 66455, Mexico.
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Tan QQ, Zhu L, Li Y, Liu W, Ma WH, Lei CL, Wang XP. A de novo transcriptome and valid reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR in Colaphellus bowringi. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118693. [PMID: 25692689 PMCID: PMC4334893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi Baly is a serious insect pest of crucifers and undergoes reproductive diapause in soil. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms of diapause regulation, insecticide resistance, and other physiological processes is helpful for developing new management strategies for this beetle. However, the lack of genomic information and valid reference genes limits knowledge on the molecular bases of these physiological processes in this species. Results Using Illumina sequencing, we obtained more than 57 million sequence reads derived from C. bowringi, which were assembled into 39,390 unique sequences. A Clusters of Orthologous Groups classification was obtained for 9,048 of these sequences, covering 25 categories, and 16,951 were assigned to 255 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Eleven candidate reference gene sequences from the transcriptome were then identified through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Among these candidate genes, EF1α, ACT1, and RPL19 proved to be the most stable reference genes for different reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments in C. bowringi. Conversely, aTUB and GAPDH were the least stable reference genes. Conclusion The abundant putative C. bowringi transcript sequences reported enrich the genomic resources of this beetle. Importantly, the larger number of gene sequences and valid reference genes provide a valuable platform for future gene expression studies, especially with regard to exploring the molecular mechanisms of different physiological processes in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Tan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WHM); (XPW)
| | - Chao-Liang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (WHM); (XPW)
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Gulzar A, Pickett B, Sayyed AH, Wright DJ. Effect of temperature on the fitness of a Vip3A resistant population of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2012; 105:964-970. [PMID: 22812137 DOI: 10.1603/ec11110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbial insecticides derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have become increasingly important for pest management. In addition to crystal (Cry) insecticidal protein toxins formed during sporulation, vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip) toxins can be produced during the vegetative phase. Resistance to Cry toxins has been reported in laboratory- and field-selected populations of various Lepidoptera species and several studies have identified fitness costs associated with Cry toxin resistance. Here, fitness costs are examined in the first insect population to be reported with resistance to a Vip toxin, a laboratory-selected Vip3A-resistant subpopulation of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (L.) (Vip-Sel). The Vip-Sel population showed reduced survival to adult eclosion compared with an unselected subpopulation at all test temperatures, including the culture temperature (25 degrees C). Vip3A resistance was also associated with reduced egg viability and mating success and a lower intrinsic rate of population increase (r(m)) at temperatures below (20 degrees C) and above (30 degrees C) the optimal laboratory culture temperature. The latter findings agree with previous studies, that fitness costs associated with resistance are usually greater under stressful conditions. Such data can help predict the impact of fitness costs on the rate of development of resistance in the field and in the development of resistance management strategies that more fully exploit fitness costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Gulzar
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park campus, Ascot, Berks SL5 7PY, United Kingdom.
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Hannon ER, Sisterson MS, Stock SP, Carrière Y, Tabashnik BE, Gassmann AJ. Effects of four nematode species on fitness costs of pink bollworm resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 103:1821-1831. [PMID: 21061986 DOI: 10.1603/ec10087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the efficacy oftransgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). In conjunction with refuges of non-Bt host plants, fitness costs can delay the evolution of resistance. Furthermore, fitness costs often vary with ecological conditions, suggesting that agricultural landscapes can be manipulated to magnify fitness costs and thereby prolong the efficacy of Bt crops. In the current study, we tested the effects of four species of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) on the magnitude and dominance of fitness costs of resistance to Bt toxin CrylAc in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). For more than a decade, field populations of pink bollworm in the United States have remained susceptible to Bt cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. producing CrylAc; however, we used laboratory strains that had a mixture of susceptible and resistant individuals. In laboratory experiments, dominant fitness costs were imposed by the nematode Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston but no fitness costs were imposed by Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser, Steinernema sp. (ML18 strain), or Heterorhabditis sonorensis Stock, Rivera-Orduño, and Flores-Lara. In computer simulations, evolution of resistance to Cry1Ac by pink bollworm was substantially delayed by treating some non-Bt cotton refuge fields with nematodes that imposed a dominant fitness cost, similar to the cost observed in laboratory experiments with S. riobrave. Based on the results here and in related studies, we conclude that entomopathogenic nematodes could bolster insect resistance management, but the success of this approach will depend on selecting the appropriate species of nematode and environment, as fitness costs were magnified by only two of five species evaluated and also depended on environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene R Hannon
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Franklin MT, Ritland CE, Myers JH. Genetic analysis of cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a seasonal migrant in western North America. Evol Appl 2010; 4:89-99. [PMID: 25567955 PMCID: PMC3352513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-range migrations of many wind-borne noctuid moths will have been influenced by the expansion of agriculture that provides greater availability of food plants along the migratory route. The migratory, agricultural pest, Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) over-winters in southern California and each summer migrates as far north as British Columbia. We explored the degree of genetic connectivity of populations over this migratory range. Preliminary investigation of seven mitochondrial gene regions found little to no variation among 13 populations, while partial regions of the NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 4 in 42 individuals revealed eight and six haplotypes, respectively. The pattern of haplotype distribution indicated genetic homogeneity of persistent populations in California but weak differentiation among populations further north. Four highly variable amplified fragment length polymorphism primer combinations generated 167 polymorphic bands, with heterozygosity levels ranging from 0.250 to 0.302. Pairwise FST values and clustering analyses also showed similarty among populations in California with some differentiation among populations initiated from the annual migration. Overall, some differentiation occurs among temporary, annual migratory populations but no pattern occurs with distance from the source population. Population subdivision in British Columbia associated with greenhouses has the greatest impact on genetic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol E Ritland
- Department of Forest Sciences, Genetic Data Centre, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Judith H Myers
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
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