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Du S, Ye F, Xu S, Liang Y, Wan F, Guo J, Liu W. Apomixis for no bacteria-induced thelytoky in Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Front Genet 2023; 13:1061100. [PMID: 36755874 PMCID: PMC9899834 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In Hymenoptera species, the reproductive mode is usually arrhenotoky, where haploid males arise from unfertilized eggs and diploid females from fertilized eggs. In addition, a few species reproduce by thelytoky, where diploid females arise from unfertilized eggs. Diploid females can be derived through various cytological mechanisms in thelytokous Hymenoptera species. Hitherto, these mechanisms were revealed mainly in endosymbiont-induced thelytokous Hymenoptera species. In contrast, thelytokous Hymenoptera species in which a reproductive manipulator has not been verified or several common endosymbionts have been excluded were paid less attention in their cytological mechanisms, for instance, Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Here, we investigated the cytological mechanism of D. wani using cytological methods and genetic markers. Our observations indicated that the diploid karyotypes of two strains of D. wani consist of four pairs of relatively large metacentric chromosomes and one pair of short submetacentric chromosomes (2n = 10). The arrhenotokous strains could complete normal meiosis, whereas the thelytokous strain lacked meiosis and did not expulse any polar bodies. This reproductive type of lacking meiosis is classified as apomictic thelytoky. Moreover, a total of 636 microsatellite sequences were obtained from thelytokous D. wani, dominated by dinucleotide repeats. Genetic markers results showed all three generations of offspring from thelytokous strain maintained the same genotype as their parents. Our results revealed that D. wani is the first eulophid parasitoid wasp in Hymenoptera whose thelytoky was not induced by bacteria to form an apomictic thelytoky. These findings provide a baseline for future inner molecular genetic studies of ameiotic thelytoky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Du
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongxuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jianyang Guo, ; Wanxue Liu,
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jianyang Guo, ; Wanxue Liu,
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Gokhman VE. Comparative Karyotype Analysis of Parasitoid Hymenoptera (Insecta): Major Approaches, Techniques, and Results. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:751. [PMID: 35627136 PMCID: PMC9141968 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive review of main approaches, techniques and results of the chromosome study of parasitic wasps is given. In this group, the haploid chromosome number ranges from n = 3 to 23. Distribution of parasitic wasp species by the chromosome number is bimodal, with two obvious modes at n = 6 and 11. Karyotype analysis based on routinely stained preparations of mitotic chromosomes can be used to identify members of taxonomically complicated parasitoid taxa and to distinguish between them. Morphometric study effectively reveals subtle differences between similar chromosome sets of parasitic wasps. If combined with meiotic analysis and/or cytometric data, information on mitotic karyotypes can highlight pathways of the genome evolution in certain parasitoid taxa. C- and AgNOR-banding as well as staining with base-specific fluorochromes detected important interspecific differences within several groups of parasitic wasps. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is successfully used for physical mapping of various DNA sequences on parasitoid chromosomes. These techniques demonstrate that heterochromatic segments are usually restricted to pericentromeric regions of chromosomes of parasitic wasps. Haploid karyotypes carrying one or two nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) are the most frequent among parasitoid Hymenoptera. In combination with chromosome microdissection, FISH could become a powerful tool exploring the genome evolution of parasitic wasps. Perspectives of the comparative cytogenetic study of parasitoid Hymenoptera are outlined.
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Koçak Y, Yağmur E. New Contribution to the Knowledge on the Chromosome Numbers of Turkish Cerambycidae (Coleoptera). Folia Biol (Praha) 2021. [DOI: 10.3409/fb_69-2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Information on the karyotypes of Turkish species of Cerambycidae is scanty. Our study contributes to the knowledge of the karyological data (chromosomal number and mechanism of sex determination) of five Turkish longicorn beetles; karyotypes of four taxa, one endemic, are described
for the first time and for the remaining one, Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783), the previously published chromosome count is confirmed. The chromosome number of Purpuricenus desfontainii inhumeralis Pic, 1891 and Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783) (Cerambycinae,
Trachyderini) was found to be 2n = 28 (13 + Xyp); Clytus rhamni Germar, 1817 and Plagionotus floralis (Pallas, 1773) (Cerambycinae, Clytini) 2n = 20 (9 + Xyp); and the endemic Dorcadion triste phrygicum Peks, 1993 (Lamiinae, Dorcadionini) 2n = 24
(11 + Xyp). In view of the paucity of data available until now, our study is important for both to improve the poor karyological knowledge of Turkish Cerambycidae and to provide an incentive for other researchers.
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Marchioro P, Campos LAO, Lopes DM. First Record of a B Chromosome in Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure (Vespidae) and Investigation of Chromatin Composition Through Microsatellite Mapping. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 160:711-718. [PMID: 33752199 DOI: 10.1159/000513641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of karyotypes is an important aspect in understanding the structure and evolution of genomes. Polybia is a genus of social wasps of the family Vespidae. This genus has 58 species, but for only 8 of these chromosome number and morphology have been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe and characterize the Polybia fastidiosuscula Saussure karyotype, presenting the first case of a B chromosome in Vespidae. In addition, we investigated the chromatin composition of this species through C-banding, base-specific fluorochrome staining, and physical mapping of 7 microsatellites and 18S rDNA. Four colonies of P. fastidiosuscula from Minas Gerais and Paraná states, Brazil, were analyzed. The chromosome number identified was 2n = 34, and 2 colonies presented a B chromosome. We characterized the chromatin composition of this species, analyzing the existence of different microsatellite-rich heterochromatic regions which are also enriched with AT or GC base pairs. We suggest an intraspecific origin of the B chromosome based on the homology of the heterochromatic composition with A chromosomes and also verify that the TTAGG and TCAGG sequences are not telomeric, but only microsatellites that occur in the centromeres of most chromosomes, as well as GAG and CGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Marchioro
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Lucio A O Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Denilce M Lopes
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil,
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Gokhman VE. Chromosomes of parasitic wasps of the superfamily Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): An overview. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2020; 14:399-416. [PMID: 36761105 PMCID: PMC9849058 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v14i3.56535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the current knowledge of chromosome sets of the parasitoid superfamily Chalcidoidea is given. Karyotypes of approximately 240 members of this group, i.e. just above one percent of described species, are studied up to now. Techniques for obtaining and analyzing preparations of chalcid chromosomes are outlined, including the so-called "traditional" and "modern" methods of differential staining as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Among the Chalcidoidea, the haploid chromosome number can vary from n = 3 to n = 11, with a clear mode at n = 6 and a second local maximum at n = 10. In this group, most chromosomes are either metacentric or submetacentric, but acrocentrics and/or subtelocentrics also can predominate, especially within karyotypes of certain Chalcidoidea with higher chromosome numbers. The following main types of chromosomal mutations are characteristic of chalcid karyotypes: inversions, fusions, translocations, polyploidy, aneuploidy and B chromosome variation. Although karyotype evolution of this superfamily was mainly studied using phylogenetic reconstructions based on morphological and/or molecular characters, chromosomal synapomorphies of certain groups were also revealed. Taxonomic implications of karyotypic features of the Chalcidoidea are apparently the most important at the species level, especially among cryptic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir E. Gokhman
- Botanical Garden, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, RussiaMoscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
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Silva AA, Rocha MP, ompolo SDG, Campos LADO, Tavares MG. Karyotypic description of the stingless bee Meliponaquinquefasciata Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) with emphasis on the presence of B chromosomes. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2018; 12:471-482. [PMID: 30479700 PMCID: PMC6240122 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v12i4.29165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Stingless bees are distributed widely in the tropics, where they are major pollinators of several plant species. In this study, the karyotype of Meliponaquinquefasciata Lepeletier, 1836 was analysed, with emphasis on the presence of B chromosomes. Post-defecating larvae were analysed using Giemsa staining, the C-banding technique, sequential staining with fluorochromes, and FISH. The chromosome number ranged from 2n = 18 to 22 (females) and from n = 9 to 13 (males) due to the presence of 0-4 B chromosomes. This result demonstrates that M.quinquefasciata has the same chromosomal number as other Melipona Illiger, 1806 species. Considering the A complement, heterochromatin was located only in the pericentromeric region of pair 1. Staining with chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and labelling with rDNA probe, indicated that this region corresponded to the nucleolus organising region. The B chromosomes of M.quinquefasciata could be found in individuals from different localities, they were completely heterochromatic (C-banding) and uniformly stained by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Variations in the number of B chromosomes were detected between cells of the same individual, between individuals of the same colony, and between colonies from different localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Avelar Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, BrazilUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaBrazil
| | - Marla Piumbini Rocha
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96030-000, BrazilUniversidade Federal de PelotasPelotasBrazil
| | - Silvia das Graças ompolo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, BrazilUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaBrazil
| | - Lucio Antonio de Oliveira Campos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, BrazilUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaBrazil
| | - Mara Garcia Tavares
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, BrazilUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaBrazil
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Fusu L. An integrative taxonomic study of European Eupelmus (Macroneura) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), with a molecular and cytogenetic analysis of Eupelmus (Macroneura) vesicularis: several species hiding under one name for 240 years. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlw021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gokhman VE, Pereira FF, Costa MA. A cytogenetic study of three parasitic wasp species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae, Trichogrammatidae) from Brazil using chromosome morphometrics and base-specific fluorochrome staining. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2017; 11:179-188. [PMID: 28919957 PMCID: PMC5599705 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v11i1.11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomes of three chalcid wasp species from Brazil, Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare et LaSalle, 1993, Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian et Margabandhu, 1942 (both belonging to the family Eulophidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Trichogrammatidae), were studied using chromosome morphometrics and base-specific fluorochrome staining. The present study confirmed that these species respectively have 2n = 12, 14 and 10. Chromomycin A3 / 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (CMA3/DAPI) staining revealed a single CMA3-positive and DAPI-negative band within haploid karyotypes of both Palmistichus elaeisis and Trichogramma pretiosum. This CG-rich band clearly corresponds to the nucleolus organizing region (NOR). Moreover, analogous multiple telomeric bands found on all chromosomes of Trichospilus diatraeae may also represent NORs. Certain features of karyotype evolution of the phylogenetic lineage comprising both Eulophidae and Trichogrammatidae are discussed. The results obtained during the present study demonstrate the importance of chromosome research on tropical parasitoids that remain poorly known in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabricio Fagundes Pereira
- Laboratory of Biological Control of Insects, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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Gokhman VE, Yefremova ZA, Yegorenkova EN. Karyotypes of parasitic wasps of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) attacking leaf-mining Lepidoptera (Gracillariidae, Gelechiidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2014; 8:31-41. [PMID: 24744832 PMCID: PMC3978241 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i1.6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Karyotypes of eleven parasitoid species of the family Eulophidae were examined, namely, Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker, 1839) (2n = 10), Chrysocharis sp. aff. laomedon (n = 5, 2n = 10), Chrysocharis sp. aff. albipes (Ashmead, 1904) (2n = 12), Mischotetrastichus petiolatus (Erdös, 1961) (n = 6, 2n = 12), Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees, 1834) (n = 5, 2n = 10), Cirrospilus pictus (Nees, 1834) (2n = 12), Hyssopus geniculatus (Hartig, 1838) (2n = 16), Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) (2n = 12), S. sericeicornis (Nees, 1834) (2n = 12), Pnigalio agraules (Walker, 1839) (2n = 12 + 0-2B) and Pnigalio gyamiensis Myartseva & Kurashev, 1990 (2n = 12 + 0-6B) reared from Phyllonorycter acerifoliella (Zeller, 1839), Ph. apparella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855), Ph. issikii (Kumata, 1963) (Gracillariidae) and Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg, 1794) (Gelechiidae). Chromosome sets of all species except P. agraules and P. gyamiensis were studied for the first time. B chromosomes were detected in the two latter species; in P. gyamiensis, the maximum number of B chromosomes represents the highest value known for parasitic wasps to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoya A. Yefremova
- Department of Zoology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Yegorenkova E, Yefremova Z. The preimaginal stages of Pnigalio gyamiensis Myartseva & Kurashev, 1990 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a parasitoid associated with Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Zookeys 2012:75-89. [PMID: 22936867 PMCID: PMC3426881 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.214.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval instars of Pnigalio gyamiensis Myartseva and Kurashev are described in detail for the first time. This species is a larval-pupal ectoparasitoid of Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg) (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae), which forms leaf mines in the plant Chenopodium album L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae). The female of Pnigalio gyamiensis lays a single egg on the skin of the host larva or nearby it, without any significant preference for a particular variant. The presence of long hairs on its body provides the newly-hatched first larval instar with high mobility. Some peculiarities in this parasitoid-host relationship are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Yegorenkova
- Department of Geography, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
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Bolsheva NL, Gokhman VE, Muravenko OV, Gumovsky AV, Zelenin AV. Comparative cytogenetic study on two species of the genus Entedon Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) using DNA-binding fluorochromes and molecular and immunofluorescent markers. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2012; 6:79-92. [PMID: 24260653 PMCID: PMC3833767 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Karyotypes of Entedon cionobius Thomson, 1878 and Entedon cioni Thomson, 1878 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were studied using DNA-binding ligands with different base specificity (propidium iodide, chromomycin A3, methyl green and DAPI; all these ligands, except for the last one, were used for the first time in parasitic wasps), C-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a 45S rDNA probe and 5-methylcytosine immunodetection. Female karyotypes of both species contain five pairs of relatively large metacentric chromosomes and a pair of smaller acrocentric chromosomes (2n = 12). As in many other Hymenoptera, males of both Entedon Dalman, 1820 species have haploid chromosome sets (n = 6). Fluorochrome staining revealed chromosome-specific banding patterns that were similar between the different fluorochromes, except for the CMA3- and PI-positive and DAPI-negative band in the pericentromeric regions of the long arms of both acrocentric chromosomes. The obtained banding patterns were virtually identical in both species and allowed for the identification of each individual chromosome. C-banding revealed a pattern similar to DAPI staining, although centromeric and telomeric regions were stained more intensively using the former technique. FISH detected a single rDNA site in the same position on the acrocentric chromosomes as the bright CMA3-positive band. Immunodetection of 5-methylcytosine that was performed for the first time in the order Hymenoptera revealed 5-methylcytosine-rich sites in the telomeric, centromeric and certain interstitial regions of most of the chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Olga V. Muravenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alex V. Gumovsky
- Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 01601, Ukraine
| | - Alexander V. Zelenin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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