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Russell-Williams J, Jaroudi W, Perich T, Hoscheidt S, El Haj M, Moustafa AA. Mindfulness and meditation: treating cognitive impairment and reducing stress in dementia. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:791-804. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between mindfulness, meditation, cognition and stress in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), dementia, mild cognitive impairment and subjective cognitive decline. Accordingly, we explore how the use of meditation as a behavioural intervention can reduce stress and enhance cognition, which in turn ameliorates some dementia symptoms. A narrative review of the literature was conducted with any studies using meditation as an intervention for dementia or dementia-related memory conditions meeting inclusion criteria. Studies where moving meditation was the main intervention were excluded due to the possible confounding of exercise. Ten papers were identified and reviewed. There was a broad use of measures across all studies, with cognitive assessment, quality of life and perceived stress being the most common. Three studies used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure functional changes to brain regions during meditation. The interventions fell into the following three categories: mindfulness, most commonly mindfulness-based stress reduction (six studies); Kirtan Kriya meditation (three studies); and mindfulness-based Alzheimer’s stimulation (one study). Three of these studies were randomised controlled trials. All studies reported significant findings or trends towards significance in a broad range of measures, including a reduction of cognitive decline, reduction in perceived stress, increase in quality of life, as well as increases in functional connectivity, percent volume brain change and cerebral blood flow in areas of the cortex. Limitations and directions for future studies on meditation-based treatment for AD and stress management are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Russell-Williams
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology , Western Sydney University , Sydney 2751, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Wafa Jaroudi
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology , Western Sydney University , Sydney 2751, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Tania Perich
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology , Western Sydney University , Sydney 2751, New South Wales , Australia
- School of Psychiatry , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2751, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Siobhan Hoscheidt
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem 27157, NC , USA
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- University of Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193–SCALab–Sciences Cognitive Sciences Affectives , F-59000 Lille , France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology , Western Sydney University , Sydney 2751, New South Wales , Australia
- Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour , Western Sydney University , Sydney 2751, New South Wales , Australia
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Albanese E, Matthews KA, Zhang J, Jacobs DR, Whitmer RA, Wadley VG, Yaffe K, Sidney S, Launer LJ. Hostile attitudes and effortful coping in young adulthood predict cognition 25 years later. Neurology 2016; 86:1227-34. [PMID: 26935891 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the relation of early-life (mean age 25 years) and mid-life (mean age 50 years) cognitive function to early measures of hostile attitudes and effortful coping. METHODS In 3,126 black and white men and women (born in 1955-1968) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA), we used linear regression to examine the association of hostile attitudes (Cook-Medley questionnaire) and effortful coping assessed at baseline (1985-1986) to cognitive ability measured in 1987 and to a composite cognitive Z score of tests of verbal memory, psychomotor speed, and executive function ascertained in midlife (2010-2011). RESULTS Baseline hostility and effortful coping were prospectively associated with lower cognitive function 25 years later, controlling for age, sex, race, education, long-term exposure to depression, discrimination, negative life events, and baseline cognitive ability. Compared to the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of hostility performed 0.21 SD units lower (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.39, -0.02). Those in the highest quartile of effortful coping performed 0.30 SD units lower (95% CI -0.48, -0.12) compared to those in the lowest quartile. Further adjustment for cumulative exposure to cardiovascular risk factors attenuated the association with the cognitive composite Z score for hostility. CONCLUSIONS Worse cognition in midlife was independently associated with 2 psychological characteristics measured in young adulthood. This suggests that interventions that promote positive social interactions may have a role in reducing risk of late-age cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Albanese
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Karen A Matthews
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Julia Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - David R Jacobs
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Rachel A Whitmer
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Virginia G Wadley
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stephen Sidney
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lenore J Launer
- From the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences (E.A., J.Z., L.J.L.), National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Psychiatry (E.A.), University of Geneva, School of Medicine, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (K.A.M.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Division of Epidemiology School of Public Health (D.R.J.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Kaiser Permanente (R.A.W., S.S.), Division of Research, Oakland, CA; Department of Medicine (V.G.W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco.
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Hock RS, Lee HB, Bienvenu OJ, Nestadt G, Samuels JF, Parisi JM, Costa PT, Spira AP. Personality and cognitive decline in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2014; 22:917-25. [PMID: 23759291 PMCID: PMC4130898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.12.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between personality domains and 11-year cognitive decline in a sample from a population-based study. METHOD Data from Waves 3 (1993-1996) and 4 (2003-2004) of the Baltimore cohort of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study were used for analyses. The sample included 561 adults (mean age ± SD: 45.2 ± 10.78 years) who completed the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised prior to Wave 4. Participants also completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and immediate and delayed word recall tests at Wave 3, and at Wave 4, 10.9 ± 0.6 years later. RESULTS In models adjusted for baseline cognitive performance, demographic characteristics, medical conditions, depressive symptoms, and psychotropic medication use, each 10-point increase in Neuroticism T-scores was associated with a 0.15-point decrease in MMSE scores (B = -0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.30, -0.01), whereas each 10-point increase in Conscientiousness T-scores was associated with a 0.18-point increase on the MMSE (B = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.32) and a 0.21-point increase in immediate recall (B = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.003, 0.41) between baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that greater Neuroticism is associated with decline, and greater Conscientiousness is associated with improvement in performance on measures of general cognitive function and memory in adults. Further studies are needed to determine the extent to which personality traits in midlife are associated with clinically significant cognitive outcomes in older adults, such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and to identify potential mediators of the association between personality and cognitive trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Hock
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health
| | | | - O. Joseph Bienvenu
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Jack F. Samuels
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Jeanine M. Parisi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health
| | - Paul T. Costa
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Adam P. Spira
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health
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Hughes TF, Ganguli M. Modifiable Midlife Risk Factors for Late-Life Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. CURRENT PSYCHIATRY REVIEWS 2009; 5:73-92. [PMID: 19946443 PMCID: PMC2782871 DOI: 10.2174/157340009788167347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The baby boom generation is approaching the age of greatest risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. There is growing interest in strategies to modify the environment in midlife to increase the probability of maintaining cognitive health in late life. Several potentially modifiable risk factors have been studied in relation to cognitive impairment and dementia in late life, but methodological limitations of observational research have resulted in some inconsistencies across studies. The most promising strategies are maintaining cardiovascular health, engagement in mental, physical, and social activities, using alcohol in moderation, abstaining from tobacco use, and following a heart-healthy diet. Other factors that may influence cognitive health are occupational attainment, depression, personality, exposure to general anesthesia, head injury, postmenopausal hormone therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, and nutritional supplements such as antioxidants. Some long-term observational studies initiated in midlife or earlier, and some randomized controlled trials, have examined the effects of specific cognitive health promotion behaviors in midlife on the risk of cognitive impairment in late life. Overall, these studies provide limited support for risk reduction at this time. Recommendations and challenges for developing effective strategies to reduce the burden of cognitive impairment and dementia in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany F. Hughes
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (T.F.H., M.G.) and Neurology (M.G.), School of Medicine, and the Department of Epidemiology (M.G.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary Ganguli
- From the Departments of Psychiatry (T.F.H., M.G.) and Neurology (M.G.), School of Medicine, and the Department of Epidemiology (M.G.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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