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Moghaddam HS, Parsaei M, Taghavizanjani F, Cattarinussi G, Aarabi MH, Sambataro F. White matter alterations in affective and non-affective early psychosis: A diffusion MRI study. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:615-623. [PMID: 38290585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early years after the onset of psychotic disorders, known as "early psychosis" (EP) are critical to determining the path of psychosis trajectory. We used a Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DMRI) connectometry approach to assess the microstructural changes of white matter (WM) associated with EP. METHODS We used the Human Connectome Project in Early Psychosis (HCP-EP) dataset to collect DMRI data from patients with EP. The imaging data were processed in the Montreal Neuroimaging Initiative space and transformed into quantitative anisotropy (QA). The QA value was translated into the WM connectivity of each tract and used in the subsequent analysis. RESULTS 121 patients with EP (94 non-affective/27 affective) and 56 healthy controls were recruited. EP was associated with increased QA in the body and tapetum of corpus callosum (CC) and decreased QA in the bilateral cerebellum, and middle cerebellar peduncle. Compared to non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis showed increased QA in the bilateral cerebellum and vermis and decreased QA in the forceps minor, body of CC, right cingulum, and bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Furthermore, QA changes in several WM tracts were correlated with positive and negative symptom scale scores. LIMITATIONS DMRI intrinsic limitations, limited sample size, and neurobiological effects of psychotropic treatment. CONCLUSIONS EP is associated with alterations in WM connectivity primarily in the CC and cerebellar regions. Also, affective and non-affective psychosis have distinct alterations in WM connectivity. These results can be used for the early diagnosis and differentiation of psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammadamin Parsaei
- Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Taghavizanjani
- Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Jameei H, Rakesh D, Zalesky A, Cairns MJ, Reay WR, Wray NR, Di Biase MA. Linking Polygenic Risk of Schizophrenia to Variation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Brain Measures: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:32-46. [PMID: 37354489 PMCID: PMC10754175 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Schizophrenia is highly heritable, with a polygenic effect of many genes conferring risk. Evidence on whether cumulative risk also predicts alterations in brain morphology and function is inconsistent. This systematic review examined evidence for schizophrenia polygenic risk score (sczPRS) associations with commonly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. We expected consistent evidence to emerge for significant sczPRS associations with variation in structure and function, specifically in frontal, temporal, and insula cortices that are commonly implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. STUDY DESIGN In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO for peer-reviewed studies published between January 2013 and March 2022. Studies were screened against predetermined criteria and National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tools. STUDY RESULTS In total, 57 studies of T1-weighted structural, diffusion, and functional MRI were included (age range = 9-80 years, Nrange = 64-76 644). We observed moderate, albeit preliminary, evidence for higher sczPRS predicting global reductions in cortical thickness and widespread variation in functional connectivity, and to a lesser extent, region-specific reductions in frontal and temporal volume and thickness. Conversely, sczPRS does not predict whole-brain surface area or gray/white matter volume. Limited evidence emerged for sczPRS associations with diffusion tensor measures of white matter microstructure in a large community sample and smaller cohorts of children and young adults. These findings were broadly consistent across community and clinical populations. CONCLUSIONS Our review supports the hypothesis that schizophrenia is a disorder of disrupted within and between-region brain connectivity, and points to specific whole-brain and regional MRI metrics that may provide useful intermediate phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Jameei
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Chen S, Zhang X, Lin S, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Li Y, Xu M, Hou G, Qiu Y. Connectome architecture modulates the gray matter atrophy in major depression disorder patients with diverse suicidal ideations. Brain Imaging Behav 2023:10.1007/s11682-023-00826-x. [PMID: 38147272 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Gray matter (GM) atrophy is well documented in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the GM atrophy in MDD patients with diverse suicidal ideations (SIs) and to explore whether those alterations were driven by connections. GM volume was estimated in 163 patients with recurrent MDD (comprising 122 with SI [MDDSI] and 41 without SI [MDDNSI]) and 134 health controls (HCs). A two-sample t-test was used to identify GM volume abnormalities in MDD patients and their subgroups. Functional connectivity was computed between pairs of aberrant GM in both patients and HCs, which were further compared with the connectivity of random brain regions. A permutation test was performed to assess its significance. Propensity score matching (PSM) was further performed to validate the main results. Compared with HCs, the MDDNSI group exhibited GM atrophy in 24 regions, with the largest effect sizes found in the frontal and parietal lobes, while the MDDSI group exhibited more widespread GM atrophy involving 49 regions, with the largest effect sizes in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and the limbic system. Furthermore, patients and HCs exhibited significantly increased functional connectivity between regions with GM atrophy compared with randomly selected regions (p < 0.05). PSM analysis presented similar results to the main analysis. MDD patients had diverse GM atrophy features according to their SI tendency. Moreover, connectome architecture modulates the GM atrophy in MDD patients, implying the possibility that connections drive these pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Chen
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Taoyuan AVE 89, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiwei Lin
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Taoyuan AVE 89, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Department of Depressive Disorders, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Cuizhu AVE 1080, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyun Xu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Cuizhu AVE 1080, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Taoyuan AVE 89, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Manxi Xu
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Taoyuan AVE 89, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangqiang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Cuizhu AVE 1080, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingwei Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Taoyuan AVE 89, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, People's Republic of China.
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Chai C, Ding H, Du X, Xie Y, Man W, Zhang Y, Ji Y, Liang M, Zhang B, Ning Y, Zhuo C, Yu C, Qin W. Dissociation between neuroanatomical and symptomatic subtypes in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e78. [PMID: 37702075 PMCID: PMC10594537 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome with high clinical and biological stratification. Identifying distinctive subtypes can improve diagnostic accuracy and help precise therapy. A key challenge for schizophrenia subtyping is understanding the subtype-specific biological underpinnings of clinical heterogeneity. This study aimed to investigate if the machine learning (ML)-based neuroanatomical and symptomatic subtypes of schizophrenia are associated. METHODS A total of 314 schizophrenia patients and 257 healthy controls from four sites were recruited. Gray matter volume (GMV) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were employed to recognize schizophrenia neuroanatomical and symptomatic subtypes using K-means and hierarchical methods, respectively. RESULTS Patients with ML-based neuroanatomical subtype-1 had focally increased GMV, and subtype-2 had widespread reduced GMV than the healthy controls based on either K-means or Hierarchical methods. In contrast, patients with symptomatic subtype-1 had severe PANSS scores than subtype-2. No differences in PANSS scores were shown between the two neuroanatomical subtypes; similarly, no GMV differences were found between the two symptomatic subtypes. Cohen's Kappa test further demonstrated an apparent dissociation between the ML-based neuroanatomical and symptomatic subtypes (P > 0.05). The dissociation patterns were validated in four independent sites with diverse disease progressions (chronic vs. first episodes) and ancestors (Chinese vs. Western). CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed a replicable dissociation between ML-based neuroanatomical and symptomatic subtypes of schizophrenia, which provides a new viewpoint toward understanding the heterogeneity of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chai
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Ding
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotong Du
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqi Man
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Wang C, Tishler TA, Nuechterlein KH, Ellingson BM. Cortical thickness, gray-white matter contrast, and intracortical myelin in first-episode schizophrenia patients treated with long-acting paliperidone palmitate versus oral antipsychotics. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115364. [PMID: 37494877 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study evaluated the cortical thickness, gray-to-white matter contrast (GWC), and frontal lobe intracortical myelin (ICM) volume in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients treated with oral antipsychotics (OAP) versus a long-acting injectable antipsychotic, paliperidone palmitate (PP). 2D proton density and inversion recovery images, and 3D T1-weighted MPRAGE images were acquired at 3T from 68 FES patients in a randomized clinical trial with PP vs OAP. At baseline, no differences in GWC and ICM were observed between FES patients and HCs, but the thickness of the left precuneus, the right transverse temporal gyrus, and the bilateral superior temporal gyri was found to be thinner in FES patients relative to HCs. Following 9 months of antipsychotics, OAP treatment, compared to PP treatment, resulted in a more widespread cortical thickness reduction including the right lateral occipital and orbitofrontal gyri. No significant ICM and GWC changes were observed in the PP group, whereas OAP treatment led to a significant ICM volume decrease and GWC increase. A negative correlation was found between ICM changes and GWC changes within multiple frontal regions after 9 months of OAP treatment. These preliminary findings suggest that PP treatment might aid preservation of brain morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - T A Tishler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - B M Ellingson
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Tishler TA, Ellingson BM, Salvadore G, Baker P, Turkoz I, Subotnik KL, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Nuechterlein KH, Alphs L. Effect of treatment with paliperidone palmitate versus oral antipsychotics on frontal lobe intracortical myelin volume in participants with recent-onset schizophrenia: Magnetic resonance imaging results from the DREaM study. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:195-202. [PMID: 37004331 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated changes in brain intracortical myelin (ICM) volume in the frontal lobe after 9 months of treatment with paliperidone palmitate (PP) compared with 9 months of treatment with oral antipsychotics (OAP) in participants with recent-onset schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder from the Disease Recovery Evaluation and Modification (DREaM) study, a randomized, open-label, delayed-start trial. METHODS DREaM included 3 phases: Part I, a 2-month oral run-in; Part II, a 9-month disease progression phase (PP or OAP); and Part III, 9 months of additional treatment (participants receiving PP continued PP [PP/PP] and participants receiving OAP were rerandomized to receive either PP [OAP/PP] or OAP [OAP/OAP]). In Part II, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional and symptomatic assessment was performed at baseline, day 92, and day 260. ICM volume as a fraction of the entire brain volume was quantified by subtraction of a proton density image from an inversion recovery image. Within-treatment-group changes from baseline were assessed by paired t-tests. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze ICM volume changes between treatment groups, adjusting for country. RESULTS The MRI analysis sample size included 71 DREaM participants (PP, 23; OAP, 48) and 64 healthy controls. At baseline, mean adjusted ICM fraction values did not differ between groups (PP, 0.057; OAP, 0.058, p = 0.79). By day 92, the adjusted ICM fraction in the OAP group had decreased significantly (change from baseline, -0.002; p = 0.001), whereas the adjusted ICM fraction remained unchanged from baseline in the PP group (0.000; p = 0.80). At day 260, the change from baseline in adjusted ICM fraction was -0.004 (p = 0.004) in the OAP group and -0.001 (p = 0.728) in the PP group. The difference between treatment groups did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.147). CONCLUSIONS In participants with recent-onset schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder, frontal ICM volume was preserved at baseline levels in those treated with PP over 9 months. However, a decrease of frontal ICM volume was observed among participants treated with OAPs. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02431702.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Tishler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - B M Ellingson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Departments of Radiological Sciences and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - G Salvadore
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.
| | - P Baker
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.
| | - I Turkoz
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.
| | - K L Subotnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - C de la Fuente-Sandoval
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico; Neuropsychiatry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - K H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - L Alphs
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.
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Xu H, Zhou Y, Wang J, Liang Z, Wang Y, Wu W, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Huo L. Effect of HD-tDCS on white matter integrity and associated cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia: A double-blind, sham-controlled randomized trial. Psychiatry Res 2023; 324:115183. [PMID: 37028258 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disabling major mental disorder, which includes critical deficits in cognitive function, for which no effective intervention currently exists. The aim of our double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. This study sample consisted of 56 individuals with chronic schizophrenia, randomly allocated to either the active stimulation or sham group. The treatment consisted of ten consecutive days of HD-tDCS, 20 min/day, applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe. Changes in clinical outcomes, cognitive assessments, and diffusion tensor imaging were evaluated pre- to post-intervention. Matched-healthy controls (HCs) were included to identify white matter changes in patients with schizophrenia before treatment. Compared to HCs, schizophrenia was associated with reduced integrity of the white matter tracts of the corpus callosum and corona radiata. HD-tDCS enhanced integrity in the corpus callosum and anterior and superior corona radiata, which was associated with the change in cognitive performance. HD-tDCS offers a potential approach to improve cognition deficits in schizophrenia through a modulatory effect on white matter tracts. Given the lack of approved treatments for cognitive deficits, these findings are clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiesi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Management, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yiliang Liu
- The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijuan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Kang N, Shin W, Jung S, Bang M, Lee SH. The Effect of TNF-alpha rs1800629 Polymorphism on White Matter Structures and Memory Function in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:1027-1036. [PMID: 36588437 PMCID: PMC9806513 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism on white matter integrity and memory function in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Fifty-five participants with schizophrenia were enrolled in this study. They were genotyped for TNF-α rs1800629 polymorphism and underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Memory function was assessed using the Rey-Kim memory test. Participants with schizophrenia were grouped into GG homozygotes and A-allele carriers. RESULTS Compared to GG homozygotes, A-allele carriers had significantly lower scores for immediate and delayed recall and recognition of verbal memory and showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy in extensive brain regions. Lower total scores in immediate and delayed recall of verbal memory, immediate recall of visual memory, and figure copy of visual memory were significantly correlated with decreased mean fractional anisotropy in the white matter tracts of the corresponding brain regions. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the A-allele, which is associated with higher levels of TNF-α expression, correlates with lower connectivity of the fronto-temporal white matter compared to that in GG homozygotes. Impaired fronto-temporal connectivity may be associated with genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, leading to verbal and visual memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naok Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsuk Shin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sra Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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9
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Fortea A, Pinzón-Espinosa J, Ilzarbe D, Espinosa L, Lázaro L, Calvo RM, Castro-Fornieles J, de la Serna E, Bargalló N, Baeza I, Sugranyes G. Radiological findings in brain MRI scans in youth with early-onset psychosis: A controlled study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:151-158. [PMID: 36252344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of consensus on whether routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be recommended as part of the initial assessment in patients with psychosis. No study so far has qualitatively assessed brain MRI in patients with early-onset psychosis (EOP), in whom neurodevelopmental factors may play a stronger role. We aimed to determine the prevalence of brain MRI findings in patients with EOP compared to healthy controls, and assess whether these findings were clinically relevant. Retrospective clinical chart review of all patients with EOP in whom a brain MRI scan was acquired during admission to an inpatient child and adolescent psychiatry unit during January 2013-December 2017, compared to age and biologically assigned gender matched healthy controls. Between group analyses tested differences in rates of qualitatively abnormal MRI scans and changes in clinical management as a result of radiological findings. A total of 256 individuals were included (128 patients with EOP and 128 healthy controls). Patients with EOP presented with a significantly higher rate of abnormal MRI scans relative to healthy controls (21.9% vs 11.7%, p = .030; OR = 2.11, [95% CI:1.06-4.17]). Radiological findings in the EOP group triggered clinical referral for further evaluation or management more often than in the healthy control group (7.0% vs 1.6%, p = .030; OR = 4.76, [95% CI:1.01-22.50]). MRI scans in youth with EOP may be characterized by an increased number of radiological abnormalities than in controls. The rates of MRI findings requiring clinical referral suggests that routine MRI acquisition may need to be considered in patients with EOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fortea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR-881 Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova St Barcelona 08036, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a La Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), 153 Rosselló St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 153 Rosselló St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 3-5, Monforte de Lemos St., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Justo Pinzón-Espinosa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova St Barcelona 08036, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Sabadell, 1 Parc Taulí, Sabadell, 08208, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Panama, Ave. Octavio Méndez Pereira, Panamá, XFJ8+V2Q, Panama
| | - Daniel Ilzarbe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR-881 Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova St Barcelona 08036, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 153 Rosselló St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 3-5, Monforte de Lemos St., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Laura Espinosa
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR-881 Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Fundació Althaia, 1-3 Dr. Joan Soler St., Manresa, 08243, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR-881 Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova St Barcelona 08036, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 153 Rosselló St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 3-5, Monforte de Lemos St., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Rosa M Calvo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR-881 Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova St Barcelona 08036, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 153 Rosselló St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 3-5, Monforte de Lemos St., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR-881 Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova St Barcelona 08036, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 153 Rosselló St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 3-5, Monforte de Lemos St., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR-881 Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 3-5, Monforte de Lemos St., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Nuria Bargalló
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 153 Rosselló St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Radiology, Imaging Diagnosis Center, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR-881 Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 143 Casanova St Barcelona 08036, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 153 Rosselló St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 3-5, Monforte de Lemos St., Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR-881 Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a La Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), 153 Rosselló St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 153 Rosselló St., Barcelona, 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 3-5, Monforte de Lemos St., Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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10
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Identification of texture MRI brain abnormalities on first-episode psychosis and clinical high-risk subjects using explainable artificial intelligence. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:481. [PMID: 36385133 PMCID: PMC9668814 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural MRI studies in first-episode psychosis and the clinical high-risk state have consistently shown volumetric abnormalities. Aim of the present study was to introduce radiomics texture features in identification of psychosis. Radiomics texture features describe the interrelationship between voxel intensities across multiple spatial scales capturing the hidden information of underlying disease dynamics in addition to volumetric changes. Structural MR images were acquired from 77 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 58 clinical high-risk subjects with no later transition to psychosis (CHR_NT), 15 clinical high-risk subjects with later transition (CHR_T), and 44 healthy controls (HC). Radiomics texture features were extracted from non-segmented images, and two-classification schemas were performed for the identification of FEP vs. HC and FEP vs. CHR_NT. The group of CHR_T was used as external validation in both schemas. The classification of a subject's clinical status was predicted by importing separately (a) the difference of entropy feature map and (b) the contrast feature map, resulting in classification balanced accuracy above 72% in both analyses. The proposed framework enhances the classification decision for FEP, CHR_NT, and HC subjects, verifies diagnosis-relevant features and may potentially contribute to identification of structural biomarkers for psychosis, beyond and above volumetric brain changes.
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11
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Disruptions in white matter microstructure associated with impaired visual associative memory in schizophrenia-spectrum illness. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:971-983. [PMID: 34557990 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory ability relies on hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity. However, few studies have examined relationships between memory performance and white matter (WM) microstructure in hippocampal-prefrontal pathways in schizophrenia-spectrum disorder (SSDs). Here, we investigated these relationships in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and chronic schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs) using tractography analysis designed to interrogate the microstructure of WM tracts in the hippocampal-prefrontal pathway. Measures of WM microstructure (fractional anisotropy [FA], radial diffusivity [RD], and axial diffusivity [AD]) were obtained for 47 individuals with chronic SSDs, 28 FEP individuals, 52 older healthy controls, and 27 younger healthy controls. Tractography analysis was performed between the hippocampus and three targets involved in hippocampal-prefrontal connectivity (thalamus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens). Measures of WM microstructure were then examined in relation to episodic memory performance separately across each group. Both those with FEP and chronic SSDs demonstrated impaired episodic memory performance. However, abnormal WM microstructure was only observed in individuals with chronic SSDs. Abnormal WM microstructure in the hippocampal-thalamic pathway in the right hemisphere was associated with poorer memory performance in individuals with chronic SSDs. These findings suggest that disruptions in WM microstructure in the hippocampal-prefrontal pathway may contribute to memory impairments in individuals with chronic SSDs but not FEP.
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12
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Chien YL, Lin HY, Tung YH, Hwang TJ, Chen CL, Wu CS, Shang CY, Hwu HG, Tseng WYI, Liu CM, Gau SSF. Neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia revisited: similarity in individual deviation and idiosyncrasy from the normative model of whole-brain white matter tracts and shared brain-cognition covariation with ADHD and ASD. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3262-3271. [PMID: 35794186 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia is supported by multi-level impairments shared among schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite schizophrenia and typical neurodevelopmental disorders, i.e., autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as disorders of brain dysconnectivity, no study has ever elucidated whether whole-brain white matter (WM) tracts integrity alterations overlap or diverge between these three disorders. Moreover, whether the linked dimensions of cognition and brain metrics per the Research Domain Criteria framework cut across diagnostic boundaries remains unknown. We aimed to map deviations from normative ranges of whole-brain major WM tracts for individual patients to investigate the similarity and differences among schizophrenia (281 patients subgrouped into the first-episode, subchronic and chronic phases), ASD (175 patients), and ADHD (279 patients). Sex-specific WM tract normative development was modeled from diffusion spectrum imaging of 626 typically developing controls (5-40 years). There were three significant findings. First, the patterns of deviation and idiosyncrasy of WM tracts were similar between schizophrenia and ADHD alongside ASD, particularly at the earlier stages of schizophrenia relative to chronic stages. Second, using the WM deviation patterns as features, schizophrenia cannot be separated from neurodevelopmental disorders in the unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Lastly, the canonical correlation analysis showed schizophrenia, ADHD, and ASD shared linked cognitive dimensions driven by WM deviations. Together, our results provide new insights into the neurodevelopmental facet of schizophrenia and its brain basis. Individual's WM deviations may contribute to diverse arrays of cognitive function along a continuum with phenotypic expressions from typical neurodevelopmental disorders to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Hung Tung
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology & Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Le Chen
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Neurobiology & Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Neurobiology & Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Yang B, Zhang W, Lencer R, Tao B, Tang B, Yang J, Li S, Zeng J, Cao H, Sweeney JA, Gong Q, Lui S. Grey matter connectome abnormalities and age-related effects in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103749. [PMID: 34906839 PMCID: PMC8671864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Convergent evidence is increasing to indicate progressive brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Knowing the brain network features over the illness course in schizophrenia, independent of effects of antipsychotic medications, would extend our sight on this question. Methods We recruited 237 antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia range from 16 to 73 years old, and 254 healthy controls. High-resolution T1 weighted images were obtained with a 3.0T MR scanner. Grey matter networks were constructed individually based on the similarities of regional grey matter measurements. Network metrics were compared between patient groups and healthy controls, and regression analyses with age were conducted to determine potential differential rate of age-related changes between them. Findings Nodal centrality abnormalities were observed in patients with untreated schizophrenia, particularly in the central executive, default mode and salience networks. Accelerated age-related declines and illness duration-related declines were observed in global assortativity, and in nodal metrics of left superior temporal pole in schizophrenia patients. Although no significant intergroup differences in age-related regression were observed, the pattern of network metric alternation of left thalamus indicated higher nodal properties in early course patients, which decreased in long-term ill patients. Interpretations Global and nodal alterations in the grey matter connectome related to age and duration of illness in antipsychotic-naive patients, indicating potentially progressive network organizations mainly involving temporal regions and thalamus in schizophrenia independent from medication effects. Funding The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Sichuan Science and Technology Program, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Post-Doctor Research Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , the Science and Technology Project of the Health Planning Committee of Sichuan, Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Research Project of Sichuan University and 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beisheng Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biqiu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, United States
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Zhou HY, Shi LJ, Shen YM, Fang YM, He YQ, Li HB, Luo XR, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Altered topographical organization of grey matter structural network in early-onset schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 316:111344. [PMID: 34358964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by both disrupted neurodevelopmental processes and abnormal brain connectivity. However, few studies have examined the atypical features of brain network topography associated with schizophrenia during childhood and adolescence. We used graph theory to compare the grey matter structural networks of individuals (aged 10-15 years) with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) (n = 25) and a typically-developing (TD) comparison group (n = 31). Compared with the TD group, EOS patients showed significantly increased clustering and local efficiency across a range of network densities (0.3 - 0.4). The network of EOS patients also had more modules (6 modules in EOS vs. 3 modules in controls), indicating a more segregated network at the cost of functional integration. Although our results were preliminary and failed to survive corrections for multiple comparisons, EOS patients might be characterized by altered nodal centrality in several higher-order associative regions including the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum. The EOS structural network also lacked the typical left-hemispheric-dominant hub distribution compared with the TD group. These findings suggest that brain structural network was not only globally but also regionally altered in EOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Zhou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Juan Shi
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Mei Shen
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Min Fang
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Qiong He
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Medical Imaging Department, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Rong Luo
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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15
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Sun ZY, Gu LH, Ma DL, Wang MY, Yang CC, Zhang L, Li XM, Zhang JW, Li L. Behavioral and neurobiological changes in a novel mouse model of schizophrenia induced by the combination of cuprizone and MK-801. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:141-152. [PMID: 34119597 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by episodes of psychosis, apathy, social withdrawal, and cognitive impairment. White matter lesions and glutamatergic hypofunction are reported to be the key pathogeneses underlying the multiple clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. Cuprizone (CPZ) is a copper chelator that selectively injures oligodendrocytes, and MK-801 is an antagonist of the N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. To better mimic the psychosis and complicated pathogenesis of schizophrenia, a novel possible mouse model was established by the combination of CPZ and MK-801. After exposure to CPZ for 5 weeks, the mice received a daily intraperitoneal injection of MK-801 for 2-weeks. Behavioral changes in the mouse model were evaluated using Y-maze, object recognition, and open field tests. Pathological changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy, oil red O staining, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. The results showed that the novel mouse model induced by CPZ plus MK-801 exhibited severe spatial and recognition memory deficits, hyperactivity, and anxiety disorder. Moreover, the mice showed obvious demyelination and white matter damage and decreased expression levels of myelin basic protein (MBP) and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) in the corpus callosum. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of Fyn and NMDA receptor 2B in the corpus callosum and NMDA receptor 1 in the cerebral cortex were noticeably decreased. Taken together, the novel mouse model induced by the combination of cuprizone and MK-801 showed comprehensive behavioral and neurobiological changes, which might make it a suitable animal model for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Li-Hong Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Deng-Lei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jie-Wen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan, 450003, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China.
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16
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Ye H, Zalesky A, Lv J, Loi SM, Cetin-Karayumak S, Rathi Y, Tian Y, Pantelis C, Di Biase MA. Network Analysis of Symptom Comorbidity in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Illness Course and Brain White Matter Microstructure. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1156-1167. [PMID: 33693887 PMCID: PMC8266579 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent network-based analyses suggest that schizophrenia symptoms are intricately connected and interdependent, such that central symptoms can activate adjacent symptoms and increase global symptom burden. Here, we sought to identify key clinical and neurobiological factors that relate to symptom organization in established schizophrenia. METHODS A symptom comorbidity network was mapped for a broad constellation of symptoms measured in 642 individuals with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Centrality analyses were used to identify hub symptoms. The extent to which each patient's symptoms formed clusters in the comorbidity network was quantified with cluster analysis and used to predict (1) clinical features, including illness duration and psychosis (positive symptom) severity and (2) brain white matter microstructure, indexed by the fractional anisotropy (FA), in a subset (n = 296) of individuals with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data. RESULTS Global functioning, substance use, and blunted affect were the most central symptoms within the symptom comorbidity network. Symptom profiles for some patients formed highly interconnected clusters, whereas other patients displayed unrelated and disconnected symptoms. Stronger clustering among an individual's symptoms was significantly associated with shorter illness duration (t = 2.7; P = .0074), greater psychosis severity (ie, positive symptoms expression) (t = -5.5; P < 0.0001) and lower fractional anisotropy in fibers traversing the cortico-cerebellar-thalamic-cortical circuit (r = .59, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Symptom network structure varies over the course of schizophrenia: symptom interactions weaken with increasing illness duration and strengthen during periods of high positive symptom expression. Reduced white matter coherence relates to stronger symptom clustering, and thus, may underlie symptom cascades and global symptomatic burden in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ye
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia,Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jinglei Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha M Loi
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Yogesh Rathi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ye Tian
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Level 3, Alan Gilbert Bld. 161 Barry St, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; tel: +61-3-9035-3404, fax: +61-3-9035-8842, e-mail:
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17
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Dikmeer N, Besiroglu L, Di Biase MA, Zalesky A, Kasal MI, Bilge A, Durmaz E, Polat S, Gelal F, Zorlu N. White matter microstructure and connectivity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their unaffected siblings. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021; 143:72-81. [PMID: 33029781 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine white matter microstructure and connectivity in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and their unaffected siblings, relative to healthy controls. METHODS Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) scans were acquired in 30 patients with OCD, 21 unaffected siblings, and 31 controls. We examined white matter microstructure using measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). Structural networks were examined using network-based statistic (NBS). RESULTS Compared to controls, OCD patients showed significantly reduced FA and increased RD in clusters traversing the left forceps minor, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, and cingulum. Furthermore, the OCD group displayed significantly weaker connectivity (quantified by the streamline count) compared to controls in the right hemisphere, most notably in edges connecting subcortical structures to temporo-occipital cortical regions. The sibling group showed intermediate streamline counts, FA and RD values between OCD and healthy control groups in connections found to be abnormal in patients with OCD. However, these reductions did not significantly differ compared to controls. CONCLUSION Therefore, siblings of OCD patients display intermediate levels in dMRI measures of microstructure and connectivity, suggesting white matter abnormalities might be related to the familial predisposition for OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Dikmeer
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Lutfullah Besiroglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Maria A Di Biase
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Meltem I Kasal
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Bilge
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ercan Durmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Polat
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fazil Gelal
- Department of Radiodiagnostics, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nabi Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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18
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Faria AV, Zhao Y, Ye C, Hsu J, Yang K, Cifuentes E, Wang L, Mori S, Miller M, Caffo B, Sawa A. Multimodal MRI assessment for first episode psychosis: A major change in the thalamus and an efficient stratification of a subgroup. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:1034-1053. [PMID: 33377594 PMCID: PMC7856640 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi‐institutional brain imaging studies have emerged to resolve conflicting results among individual studies. However, adjusting multiple variables at the technical and cohort levels is challenging. Therefore, it is important to explore approaches that provide meaningful results from relatively small samples at institutional levels. We studied 87 first episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 62 healthy subjects by combining supervised integrated factor analysis (SIFA) with a novel pipeline for automated structure‐based analysis, an efficient and comprehensive method for dimensional data reduction that our group recently established. We integrated multiple MRI features (volume, DTI indices, resting state fMRI—rsfMRI) in the whole brain of each participant in an unbiased manner. The automated structure‐based analysis showed widespread DTI abnormalities in FEP and rs‐fMRI differences between FEP and healthy subjects mostly centered in thalamus. The combination of multiple modalities with SIFA was more efficient than the use of single modalities to stratify a subgroup of FEP (individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder) that had more robust deficits from the overall FEP group. The information from multiple MRI modalities and analytical methods highlighted the thalamus as significantly abnormal in FEP. This study serves as a proof‐of‐concept for the potential of this methodology to reveal disease underpins and to stratify populations into more homogeneous sub‐groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia V Faria
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chenfei Ye
- Department of Electronics and Information, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, China
| | - Johnny Hsu
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Department Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cifuentes
- Department Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Susumu Mori
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Mental Health, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Sone D, Sato N, Shigemoto Y, Kimura Y, Maikusa N, Ota M, Foong J, Koepp M, Matsuda H. Disrupted White Matter Integrity and Structural Brain Networks in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy With and Without Interictal Psychosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:556569. [PMID: 33071943 PMCID: PMC7542674 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.556569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the importance of psychosis as a comorbidity of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. We aimed to investigate abnormalities specific to psychosis in TLE, using diffusion MRI parameters and graph-theoretical network analysis. Material and Methods: We recruited 49 patients with TLE (20 with and 29 without interictal schizophrenia-like psychosis) and 42 age-/gender-matched healthy controls. We performed 3-tesla MRI scans including 3D T1-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging in all participants. Among the three groups, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and global network metrics were compared by analyses of covariance. Regional connectivity strength was compared by network-based statistics. Results: Compared to controls, TLE patients showed significant temporal and extra-temporal changes in FA, and MD, which were more severe and widespread in patients with than without psychosis. We observed distinct differences between TLE patients with and without psychosis in the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). Similarly, for network metrics, global, and local efficiency and increased path length were significantly reduced in TLE patients compared to controls, but with more severe changes in TLE with psychosis than without psychosis. Network-based statistics detected significant differences between TLE with and without psychosis mainly involving the left limbic and prefrontal areas. Conclusion: TLE patients with interictal schizophrenia-like psychosis showed more widespread and severe white matter impairment, involving the ATR, IFOF and ILF, as well as disrupted network connectivity, particularly in the left limbic and prefrontal cortex, than patients without psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Sone
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Shigemoto
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Kimura
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jacqueline Foong
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Abstract
Psychotic disorders are severe, debilitating, and even fatal. The development of targeted and effective interventions for psychosis depends upon on clear understanding of the timing and nature of disease progression to target processes amenable to intervention. Strong evidence suggests early and ongoing neuroprogressive changes, but timing and inflection points remain unclear and likely differ across cognitive, clinical, and brain measures. Additionally, granular evidence across modalities is particularly sparse in the "bridging years" between first episode and established illness-years that may be especially critical for improving outcomes and during which interventions may be maximally effective. Our objective is the systematic, multimodal characterization of neuroprogression through the early course of illness in a cross-diagnostic sample of patients with psychosis. We aim to (1) interrogate neurocognition, structural brain measures, and network connectivity at multiple assessments over the first eight years of illness to map neuroprogressive trajectories, and (2) examine trajectories as predictors of clinical and functional outcomes. We will recruit 192 patients with psychosis and 36 healthy controls. Assessments will occur at baseline and 8- and 16-month follow ups using clinical, cognitive, and imaging measures. We will employ an accelerated longitudinal design (ALD), which permits ascertainment of data across a longer timeframe and at more frequent intervals than would be possible in a single cohort longitudinal study. Results from this study are expected to hasten identification of actionable treatment targets that are closely associated with clinical outcomes, and identify subgroups who share common neuroprogressive trajectories toward the development of individualized treatments.
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21
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Di Biase MA, Zhang F, Lyall A, Kubicki M, Mandl RCW, Sommer IE, Pasternak O. Neuroimaging auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia patient and healthy populations. Psychol Med 2020; 50:403-412. [PMID: 30782233 PMCID: PMC6702102 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a cardinal feature of schizophrenia, but they can also appear in otherwise healthy individuals. Imaging studies implicate language networks in the generation of AVH; however, it remains unclear if alterations reflect biologic substrates of AVH, irrespective of diagnostic status, age, or illness-related factors. We applied multimodal imaging to identify AVH-specific pathology, evidenced by overlapping gray or white matter deficits between schizophrenia patients and healthy voice-hearers. METHODS Diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired in 35 schizophrenia patients with AVH (SCZ-AVH), 32 healthy voice-hearers (H-AVH), and 40 age- and sex-matched controls without AVH. White matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and gray matter thickness (GMT) were computed for each region comprising ICBM-DTI and Desikan-Killiany atlases, respectively. Regions were tested for significant alterations affecting both SCZ-AVH and H-AVH groups, relative to controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, the SCZ-AVH showed widespread FA and GMT reductions; but no significant differences emerged between H-AVH and control groups. While no overlapping pathology appeared in the overall study groups, younger (<40 years) H-AVH and SCZ-AVH subjects displayed overlapping FA deficits across four regions (p < 0.05): the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum, as well as the anterior limbs of the internal capsule. Analyzing these regions with free-water imaging ascribed overlapping FA abnormalities to tissue-specific anisotropy changes. CONCLUSIONS We identified white matter pathology associated with the presence of AVH, independent of diagnostic status. However, commonalities were constrained to younger and more homogenous groups, after reducing pathologic variance associated with advancing age and chronicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angelique Di Biase
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda Lyall
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - René C W Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- CNSR, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RUG), University Medical Center Groningen, Antonie Deusinglaan 2 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Oestreich LKL, Randeniya R, Garrido MI. Auditory prediction errors and auditory white matter microstructure associated with psychotic-like experiences in healthy individuals. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:3277-3289. [PMID: 31686202 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our sensory systems actively predict sensory information based on previously learnt patterns, which are continuously updated with information from the actual sensory input via prediction errors. Individuals with schizophrenia consistently show reduced auditory prediction errors as well as altered fractional anisotropy (indicative of white matter changes) in the arcuate fasciculus and the auditory interhemispheric pathway, both of which are auditory white matter pathways associated with prediction errors. However, it is not clear if healthy individuals with psychotic-like experiences exhibit similar deficits. Participants underwent electroencephalography (EEG) recordings while listening to a classical two-tone duration deviant oddball paradigm (n = 103) and a stochastic oddball paradigm (n = 89). A subset of participants (n = 89) also underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fractional anisotropy (FA), was extracted from the arcuate fasciculi and the auditory interhemispheric pathway. While prediction errors evoked by the classical oddball paradigm failed to reveal significant effects, the stochastic oddball paradigm elicited significant clusters at the typical mismatch negativity time window. Furthermore, we observed that FA of the arcuate fasciculi and auditory interhemispheric pathway significantly improved predictive models of psychotic-like experiences in healthy individuals over and above predictions made by auditory prediction error responses alone. Specifically, we observed that decreasing FA in the auditory interhemispheric pathway and reducing ability to learn stochastic irregularities are associated with increasing CAPE + scores. To the extent that these associations have previously been reported in patients with schizophrenia, the findings from this study suggest that both, auditory prediction errors and white matter changes in the auditory interhemispheric pathway, may have the potential to be translated into early screening markers for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K L Oestreich
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - R Randeniya
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Clayton, Australia
| | - M I Garrido
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Clayton, Australia
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23
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Wannan CMJ, Cropley VL, Chakravarty MM, Bousman C, Ganella EP, Bruggemann JM, Weickert TW, Weickert CS, Everall I, McGorry P, Velakoulis D, Wood SJ, Bartholomeusz CF, Pantelis C, Zalesky A. Evidence for Network-Based Cortical Thickness Reductions in Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:552-563. [PMID: 31164006 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18040380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortical thickness reductions in schizophrenia are irregularly distributed across multiple loci. The authors hypothesized that cortical connectivity networks would explain the distribution of cortical thickness reductions across the cortex, and, specifically, that cortico-cortical connectivity between loci with these reductions would be exceptionally strong and form an interconnected network. This hypothesis was tested in three cross-sectional schizophrenia cohorts: first-episode psychosis, chronic schizophrenia, and treatment-resistant schizophrenia. METHODS Structural brain images were acquired for 70 patients with first-episode psychosis, 153 patients with chronic schizophrenia, and 47 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and in matching healthy control groups (N=57, N=168, and N=54, respectively). Cortical thickness was compared between the patient and respective control groups at 148 regions spanning the cortex. Structural connectivity strength between pairs of cortical regions was quantified with structural covariance analysis. Connectivity strength between regions with cortical thickness reductions was compared with connectivity strength between 5,000 sets of randomly chosen regions to establish whether regions with reductions were interconnected more strongly than would be expected by chance. RESULTS Significant (false discovery rate corrected) and widespread cortical thickness reductions were found in the chronic schizophrenia (79 regions) and treatment-resistant schizophrenia (106 regions) groups, with more circumscribed reductions in the first-episode psychosis group (34 regions). Cortical thickness reductions with the largest effect sizes were found in frontal, temporal, cingulate, and insular regions. In all cohorts, both the patient and healthy control groups showed significantly increased structural covariance between regions with cortical thickness reductions compared with randomly selected regions. CONCLUSIONS Brain network architecture can explain the irregular topographic distribution of cortical thickness reductions in schizophrenia. This finding, replicated in three distinct schizophrenia cohorts, suggests that the effect is robust and independent of illness stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M J Wannan
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Chad Bousman
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Eleni P Ganella
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Jason M Bruggemann
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Ian Everall
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Patrick McGorry
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Stephen J Wood
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Cali F Bartholomeusz
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Christos Pantelis
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
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Di Biase MA, Cropley VL, Cocchi L, Fornito A, Calamante F, Ganella EP, Pantelis C, Zalesky A. Linking Cortical and Connectional Pathology in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:911-923. [PMID: 30215783 PMCID: PMC6581130 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with cortical thickness (CT) deficits and breakdown in white matter microstructure. Whether these pathological processes are related remains unclear. We used multimodal neuroimaging to investigate the relationship between regional cortical thinning and breakdown in adjacent infracortical white matter as a function of age and illness duration. Structural magnetic resonance and diffusion images were acquired in 218 schizophrenia patients and 167 age-matched healthy controls to map CT and fractional anisotropy in regionally adjacent infracortical white matter at various cortical depths. We found a robust and reproducible relationship between thickness and anisotropy deficits, which were inversely correlated across cortical regions (r = -.5, P < .0001): the most anisotropic infracortical white matter was found adjacent to regions with extensive cortical thinning. This pattern was evident in early (20 y: r = -.3, P = .005) and middle life (30 y: r = -.4, P = .004, 40 y: r = -.3, P = .04), but not beyond 50 years (P > .05). Frontal pathology contributed most to this pattern, with cortical thinning in patients compared to controls at all ages (P < .05); in contrast to initially elevated frontal white matter anisotropy in patients at 30 years, followed by rapid white matter decline with age (rate of annual decline; patients: 0.0012, controls 0.0006, P < .001). Our findings point to pathological dependencies between gray and white matter in a large sample of schizophrenia patients. We argue that elevated frontal anisotropy reflects regionally-specific, compensatory responses to cortical thinning, which are eventually overwhelmed with increasing illness duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angelique Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia,Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1249 Boylston Street, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02215, US; tel: 617-525-6105, fax: 617-525-6170, e-mail:
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Luca Cocchi
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander Fornito
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Fernando Calamante
- Sydney Imaging and School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eleni P Ganella
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, Australia,North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Australia,Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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25
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Prokhorova TA, Boksha IS, Savushkina OK, Tereshkina EB, Burbaeva GS. [α-Klotho protein in neurodegenerative and mental diseases]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:80-88. [PMID: 30778037 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911901180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to attract attention of psychiatrists and neurologists to a role of α-Klotho protein in biochemical mechanisms that counteract pathogenic processes of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases and to possible therapeutic potential of the protein. Basing on the analysis of contemporary literature, the authors summarized the results of model experiments and a few clinical trials (in psychiatry and neurology) indicating the role of α-Klotho protein in the brain processes of neurogenesis, dendrite growth, myelination (oligodendroglia differentiation and activity), regulation of antioxidant system, and synthesis of glutamate neurotransmitter system components, regulation of the activity and synthesis of ion channel protein components and membrane transporters, synaptic plasticity. It is concluded that α-Klotho protein can be used for therapeutic purposes in diseases associated with pathological brain aging, and/or in diseases associated with insufficient synthesis of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I S Boksha
- Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Bousman CA, Luza S, Mancuso SG, Kang D, Opazo CM, Mostaid MS, Cropley V, McGorry P, Shannon Weickert C, Pantelis C, Bush AI, Everall IP. Elevated ubiquitinated proteins in brain and blood of individuals with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2307. [PMID: 30783160 PMCID: PMC6381171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been linked to schizophrenia but it is not clear if this dysregulation is detectable in both brain and blood. We examined free mono-ubiquitin, ubiquitinated proteins, catalytic ubiquitination, and proteasome activities in frozen postmortem OFC tissue from 76 (38 schizophrenia, 38 control) matched individuals, as well as erythrocytes from 181 living participants, who comprised 30 individuals with recent onset schizophrenia (mean illness duration = 1 year), 63 individuals with 'treatment-resistant' schizophrenia (mean illness duration = 17 years), and 88 age-matched participants without major psychiatric illness. Ubiquitinated protein levels were elevated in postmortem OFC in schizophrenia compared to controls (p = <0.001, AUC = 74.2%). Similarly, individuals with 'treatment-resistant' schizophrenia had higher levels of ubiquitinated proteins in erythrocytes compared to those with recent onset schizophrenia (p < 0.001, AUC = 65.5%) and controls (p < 0.001, AUC = 69.4%). The results could not be better explained by changes in proteasome activity, demographic, medication, or tissue factors. Our results suggest that ubiquitinated protein formation may be abnormal in both the brain and erythrocytes of those with schizophrenia, particularly in the later stages or specific sub-groups of the illness. A derangement in protein ubiquitination may be linked to pathogenesis or neurotoxicity in schizophrenia, and its manifestation in the blood may have prognostic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra Luza
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Serafino G Mancuso
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Dali Kang
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Carlos M Opazo
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Md Shaki Mostaid
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Baker Street, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ian P Everall
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Carlton South, VIC, Australia.
- The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia.
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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27
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Fu G, Zhang W, Dai J, Liu J, Li F, Wu D, Xiao Y, Shah C, Sweeney JA, Wu M, Lui S. Increased Peripheral Interleukin 10 Relate to White Matter Integrity in Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:52. [PMID: 30792621 PMCID: PMC6374337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is characterized by the disruption of microstructural white matter (WM) integrity, while the pathogenesis remains unclear. Inflammation has been associated with the WM pathology in schizophrenia. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) has been proven to be related to schizophrenia in both animal and human models. The aim of this study was to explore whether peripheral IL-10 was associated with microstructural WM integrity in schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 47 patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and 49 healthy controls (HC) underwent diffusion tensor imaging and venous blood sampling. Tract-based spatial statistics was conducted to explore the differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD), and axial diffusivity (AD) between patients and controls. A quantitative chemiluminescence assay was performed to measure peripheral IL-10 levels. General linear regression analysis using a stepwise method was applied to examine the relationship between peripheral IL-10 and diffusion measures. Results: Compared with the HC, peripheral IL-10 levels were higher and a significant reduction of FA and AD, and increase of RD and MD were observed in SZ (corrected p < 0.05). A regression analysis revealed that peripheral IL-10 was negatively correlated with FA in the right posterior thalamic radiation and left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, in SZ (β = -0.51, p = 0.01; β = -0.47, p = 0.02, respectively) but not in HC (β = -0.01, p = 0.95; β = -0.003, p = 0.98, respectively), and the differences in regression curves were significant (z = 2.50, p = 0.01; z = 2.37, p = 0.02, respectively). IL-10 was negatively connected with MD in the right parietal arcuate fasciculus (β = -0.40, p = 0.048) and body of the corpus callosum (β = -0.43, p = 0.03) in SZ, while not in HC. The magnitude of correlation in the patient and control group was different (z = 2.48, p = 0.01 and z = 2.61, p < 0.01, respectively). In addition, IL-10 was positively correlated with RD in the right parietal arcuate fasciculus in patients (β = 0.45, p = 0.04) but not in HC (β = 0.26, p = 0.94), but the correlation coefficients were not significant (z = 0.98, p = 0.32). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that elevated peripheral IL-10 levels were associated with the disruption of microstructural WM integrity in schizophrenia, supporting the notion that inflammation plays a regulatory role in the pathology of microstructural WM and is associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Fu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jieke Liu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongsheng Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chandan Shah
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - John A Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Min Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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28
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Griffa A, Baumann PS, Klauser P, Mullier E, Cleusix M, Jenni R, van den Heuvel MP, Do KQ, Conus P, Hagmann P. Brain connectivity alterations in early psychosis: from clinical to neuroimaging staging. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:62. [PMID: 30718455 PMCID: PMC6362225 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in the course of psychosis, alterations in brain connectivity accompany the emergence of psychiatric symptoms and cognitive impairments, including processing speed. The clinical-staging model is a refined form of diagnosis that places the patient along a continuum of illness conditions, which allows stage-specific interventions with the potential of improving patient care and outcome. This cross-sectional study investigates brain connectivity features that characterize the clinical stages following a first psychotic episode. Structural brain networks were derived from diffusion-weighted MRI for 71 early-psychosis patients and 76 healthy controls. Patients were classified into stage II (first-episode), IIIa (incomplete remission), IIIb (one relapse), and IIIc (two or more relapses), according to the course of the illness until the time of scanning. Brain connectivity measures and diffusion parameters (fractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficient) were investigated using general linear models and sparse linear discriminant analysis (sLDA), studying distinct subgroups of patients who were at specific stages of early psychosis. We found that brain connectivity impairments were more severe in clinical stages following the first-psychosis episode (stages IIIa, IIIb, IIIc) than in first-episode psychosis (stage II) patients. These alterations were spatially diffuse but converged on a set of vulnerable regions, whose inter-connectivity selectively correlated with processing speed in patients and controls. The sLDA suggested that relapsing-remitting (stages IIIb, IIIc) and non-remitting (stage IIIa) patients are characterized by distinct dysconnectivity profiles. Our results indicate that neuroimaging markers of brain dysconnectivity in early psychosis may reflect the heterogeneity of the illness and provide a connectomics signature of the clinical-staging model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Griffa
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Dutch Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Philipp S. Baumann
- 0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Service of General Psychiatry and Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- 0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Service of General Psychiatry and Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emeline Mullier
- 0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Cleusix
- 0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- 0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martijn P. van den Heuvel
- grid.484519.5Dutch Connectome Lab, Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Q. Do
- 0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- 0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Service of General Psychiatry and Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patric Hagmann
- 0000 0001 0423 4662grid.8515.9Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Çelik ZÇ, Çolak Ç, Di Biase MA, Zalesky A, Zorlu N, Bora E, Kitiş Ö, Yüncü Z. Structural connectivity in adolescent synthetic cannabinoid users with and without ADHD. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:505-514. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-0023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Crocker CE, Tibbo PG. Confused Connections? Targeting White Matter to Address Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1172. [PMID: 30405407 PMCID: PMC6201564 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite development of comprehensive approaches to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and improve outcomes, there remains a proportion (approximately one-third) of patients who are treatment resistant and will not have remission of psychotic symptoms despite adequate trials of pharmacotherapy. This level of treatment response is stable across all stages of the spectrum of psychotic disorders, including early phase psychosis and chronic schizophrenia. Our current pharmacotherapies are beneficial in decreasing positive symptomology in most cases, however, with little to no impact on negative or cognitive symptoms. Not all individuals with treatment resistant psychosis unfortunately, even benefit from the potential pharmacological reductions in positive symptoms. The existing pharmacotherapy for psychosis is targeted at neurotransmitter receptors. The current first and second generation antipsychotic medications all act on dopamine type 2 receptors with the second generation drugs also interacting significantly with serotonin type 1 and 2 receptors, and with varying pharmacodynamic profiles overall. This focus on developing dopaminergic/serotonergic antipsychotics, while beneficial, has not reduced the proportion of patients experiencing treatment resistance to date. Another pharmacological approach is imperative to address treatment resistance both for response overall and for negative symptoms in particular. There is research suggesting that changes in white matter integrity occur in schizophrenia and these may be more associated with cognition and even negative symptomology. Here we review the evidence that white matter abnormalities in the brain may be contributing to the symptomology of psychotic disorders. Additionally, we propose that white matter may be a viable pharmacological target for pharmacoresistant schizophrenia and discuss current treatments in development for schizophrenia that target white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Crocker
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Philip G Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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31
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Oestreich LKL, Randeniya R, Garrido MI. White matter connectivity reductions in the pre-clinical continuum of psychosis: A connectome study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:529-537. [PMID: 30251761 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread white matter connectivity disruptions have commonly been reported in schizophrenia. However, it is questionable whether structural connectivity decline is specifically associated with schizophrenia or whether it extends along a continuum of psychosis into the healthy population. Elucidating brain structure changes associated with psychotic-like experiences in healthy individuals is insofar important as it is a necessary first step towards our understanding of brain pathology preceding florid psychosis. High resolution, multishell diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) were acquired from 89 healthy individuals. Whole-brain white matter fibre tracking was performed to quantify the strength of white matter connections. Network-based statistics were applied to white matter connections in a regression model in order to test for a linear relationship between streamline count and psychotic-like experiences. A significant subnetwork was identified whereby streamline count declined with increasing psychotic-like experiences. This network of structural connectivity reductions affected all cortical lobes, subcortical structures and the cerebellum and spanned along prominent association and commissural white matter pathways. A widespread network of linearly declining connectivity strength with increasing number of psychotic-like experiences was identified in healthy individuals. This finding is in line with white matter connectivity reductions reported from early to chronic stages of schizophrenia and might therefore aid the development of tools to identify individuals at risk of transitioning to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K L Oestreich
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roshini Randeniya
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marta I Garrido
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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32
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Gomez-Pilar J, de Luis-García R, Lubeiro A, de la Red H, Poza J, Núñez P, Hornero R, Molina V. Relations between structural and EEG-based graph metrics in healthy controls and schizophrenia patients. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3152-3165. [PMID: 29611297 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to assess structural and functional networks in schizophrenia patients; and the possible prediction of the latter based on the former. The possible dependence of functional network properties on structural alterations has not been analyzed in schizophrenia. We applied averaged path-length (PL), clustering coefficient, and density (D) measurements to data from diffusion magnetic resonance and electroencephalography in 39 schizophrenia patients and 79 controls. Functional data were collected for the global and theta frequency bands during an odd-ball task, prior to stimulus delivery and at the corresponding processing window. Connectivity matrices were constructed from tractography and registered cortical segmentations (structural) and phase-locking values (functional). Both groups showed a significant electroencephalographic task-related modulation (change between prestimulus and response windows) in the global and theta bands. Patients showed larger structural PL and prestimulus density in the global and theta bands, and lower PL task-related modulation in the theta band. Structural network values predicted prestimulus global band values in controls and global band task-related modulation in patients. Abnormal functional values found in patients (prestimulus density in the global and theta bands and task-related modulation in the theta band) were not predicted by structural data in this group. Structural and functional network abnormalities respectively predicted cognitive performance and positive symptoms in patients. Taken together, the alterations in the structural and functional theta networks in the patients and the lack of significant relations between these alterations, suggest that these types of network abnormalities exist in different groups of schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo de Luis-García
- Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alba Lubeiro
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, Valladolid, 47005, Spain
| | - Henar de la Red
- Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, Valladolid, 47003, Spain
| | - Jesús Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.,Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, Valladolid, 47003, Spain.,Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007 University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Núñez
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.,Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007 University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Vicente Molina
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, Valladolid, 47005, Spain.,Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, Valladolid, 47003, Spain.,Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007 University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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33
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Gomez-Pilar J, de Luis-García R, Lubeiro A, de Uribe N, Poza J, Núñez P, Ayuso M, Hornero R, Molina V. Deficits of entropy modulation in schizophrenia are predicted by functional connectivity strength in the theta band and structural clustering. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:382-389. [PMID: 29487795 PMCID: PMC5814380 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Spectral entropy (SE) allows comparing task-related modulation of electroencephalogram (EEG) between patients and controls, i.e. spectral changes of the EEG associated to task performance. A SE modulation deficit has been replicated in different schizophrenia samples. To investigate the underpinnings of SE modulation deficits in schizophrenia, we applied graph-theory to EEG recordings during a P300 task and fractional anisotropy (FA) data from diffusion tensor imaging in 48 patients (23 first episodes) and 87 healthy controls. Functional connectivity was assessed from phase-locking values among sensors in the theta band, and structural connectivity was based on FA values for the tracts connecting pairs of regions. From those data, averaged clustering coefficient (CLC), characteristic path-length (PL) and connectivity strength (CS, also known as density) were calculated for both functional and structural networks. The corresponding functional modulation values were calculated as the difference in SE and CLC, PL and CS between the pre-stimulus and response windows during the task. The results revealed a higher functional CS in the pre-stimulus window in patients, predictive of smaller modulation of SE in this group. The amount of increase in theta CS from pre-stimulus to response related to SE modulation in patients and controls. Structural CLC was associated with SE modulation in the patients. SE modulation was predictive of negative symptoms, whereas CLC and PL modulation was associated with cognitive performance in the patients. These results support that a hyperactive functional connectivity and/or structural connective deficits in the patients hamper the dynamical modulation of connectivity underlying cognition. Functional connectivity strength and structural clustering properties were associated to the deficit in SE modulation in schizophrenia. Functional connectivity strength in the theta band was larger in the baseline in the patients. A hyperactive pre-stimulus state hampers the capacity for adequately modulating neural activity across the brain in schizophrenia. The possible basis for that problem may be investigated to identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo de Luis-García
- Imaging Processing Laboratory, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alba Lubeiro
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Nieves de Uribe
- Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, University of Salamanca, Spain; IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pablo Núñez
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Ayuso
- Neurophysiology Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 15, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, University of Salamanca, Spain; IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Vicente Molina
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Av. Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.; Neurosciences Institute of Castilla y León (INCYL), Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007, University of Salamanca, Spain.
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