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Carnero Canales CS, Marquez Cazorla JI, Marquez Cazorla RM, Roque-Borda CA, Polinário G, Figueroa Banda RA, Sábio RM, Chorilli M, Santos HA, Pavan FR. Breaking barriers: The potential of nanosystems in antituberculosis therapy. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:106-134. [PMID: 38783925 PMCID: PMC11112550 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to pose a significant threat to global health. The resilience of TB is amplified by a myriad of physical, biological, and biopharmaceutical barriers that challenge conventional therapeutic approaches. This review navigates the intricate landscape of TB treatment, from the stealth of latent infections and the strength of granuloma formations to the daunting specters of drug resistance and altered gene expression. Amidst these challenges, traditional therapies often fail, contending with inconsistent bioavailability, prolonged treatment regimens, and socioeconomic burdens. Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems (NDDSs) emerge as a promising beacon, ready to overcome these barriers, offering better drug targeting and improved patient adherence. Through a critical approach, we evaluate a spectrum of nanosystems and their efficacy against MTB both in vitro and in vivo. This review advocates for the intensification of research in NDDSs, heralding their potential to reshape the contours of global TB treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cesar Augusto Roque-Borda
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Giulia Polinário
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Miguel Sábio
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713 AV, the Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, 14800-903, Brazil
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Opfermann P, Marhofer P, Hopkins PM, Columb MO, Zadrazil M, Stimpfl T, Marhofer M, Zeitlinger M. Generic versus reference listed ropivacaine for peripheral nerve blockade: A randomised, triple-blinded, crossover, equivalence study in volunteers. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2021; 38:S113-S120. [PMID: 33399381 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generic drug preparations do not require the same degree of scrutiny as the originally licensed preparation before they can be approved for clinical use. The permitted tolerance limits for bioequivalent preparations might be associated with clinically relevant differences for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index, such as local anaesthetics. OBJECTIVE We compared pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of generic and reference listed or original preparations of ropivacaine. DESIGN The current healthy volunteer study used a randomised, triple-blinded, cross-over equivalence design. SETTING Tertiary university hospital, Medical University of Vienna. SUBJECTS Healthy male volunteers (N=18) aged 18 to 60 years. INTERVENTIONS A series of three ultrasound-guided ulnar nerve blocks separated by at least 6 days were carried out on each volunteer. Reference listed ropivacaine (NaropinTM) was used for two blocks and a generic preparation of ropivacaine was used for the other block. Sensory block onset and duration were evaluated using loss of pinprick sensation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Duration of sensory block was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included time-to-onset of sensory block, ropivacaine pharmacokinetics from venous blood samples and pH of the preparations. Equivalence was evaluated using the ratios of means and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of log transformed data. RESULTS Equivalence was demonstrated for the primary outcome measure, the duration of sensory block [original : generic ratio 1.01 (90% CI 0.87 to 1.16); P < 0.007] and all pharmacokinetic variables. Equivalence could not be concluded for time-to-onset of sensory block [reference : generic ratio 0.80 (90% CI 0.63 to 1.03); P = 0.27], although reproducibility of this variable using our experimental model was lower than for other variables. The generic preparation was significantly more alkaline [difference 0.06 pH units (95% CI 0.04 to 0.07); P < 0.0001]. CONCLUSION Our finding of equivalence for sensory block duration and key pharmacokinetic variables between a generic and original preparation of ropivacaine is reassuring. The significant, but small, difference in pH is not clinically important. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2019-003148-61, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS 00017750).
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Opfermann
- From the Department of Anaesthesiology and General Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (PO, PM, MZ), Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Vienna, Austria (PM), Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds (PMH), Department of Anaesthesia, Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, UK (MOC), Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Toxicology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (TS), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck (MM) and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria (MZ)
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Roberts SA, Parikh N, Blower RJ, Agrawal N. SPIN: rapid synthesis, purification, and concentration of small drug-loaded liposomes. J Liposome Res 2017; 28:331-340. [PMID: 28920496 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2017.1381115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are one of the most studied nano-delivery systems. However, only a handful of formulations have received FDA approval. Existing liposome synthesis techniques are complex and specialized, posing a major impediment in design, implementation, and mass production of liposome delivery systems as therapeutic agents. Here, we demonstrate a unique 'synthesis and purification of injectable nanocarriers' (SPIN) technology for rapid and efficient production of small drug-loaded liposomes using common benchtop equipment. Unilamellar liposomes with mean diameter of 80 nm and polydispersity of 0.13 were synthesized without any secondary post-processing techniques. Encapsulation of dextrans (300-20,000 Da) representing small and large molecular drug formulations was demonstrated without affecting the liposome characteristics. 99.9% of the non-encapsulated molecules were removed using a novel filter centrifugation technique, largely eliminating the need for tedious ultracentrifugation protocols. Finally, the functional efficacy of loaded liposomes as drug delivery vehicles was validated by encapsulating a fluorescent cell tracker (CMFDA) and observing the liposomal release and subsequent uptake of dye by metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in vitro. The proposed simplified technique addresses the existing challenges associated with liposome preparation in resource limited settings and offers significant potential for advances in translational pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Roberts
- a Department of Bioengineering , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
| | - Neil Parikh
- a Department of Bioengineering , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
| | - Ryan J Blower
- b School of Systems Biology , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
| | - Nitin Agrawal
- a Department of Bioengineering , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA.,c Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA , USA
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Ochi N, Yamane H, Hotta K, Fujii H, Isozaki H, Honda Y, Yamagishi T, Kubo T, Tanimoto M, Kiura K, Takigawa N. Cisplatin-induced hyponatremia in malignancy: comparison between brand-name and generic formulation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:2401-8. [PMID: 25584019 PMCID: PMC4262375 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Widespread use of generic drugs is considered to be indispensable if reductions in total health care costs are to be achieved, but the market share of such drugs remains low. In general, generic drugs have the same active ingredients as brand-name drugs, but this is not always the case. Thus, toxicity profiles may vary when brand-name and generic drugs are compared. We retrospectively investigated the incidence of hyponatremia in patients receiving brand-name cisplatin (CDDP) and a generic counterpart thereof. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients treated with brand-name CDDP (n=53) and a generic formulation (n=26), and compared the incidences of hyponatremia and renal toxicity. Toxicities were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Differences between groups were evaluated using the Student’s t-test, and the odds ratio for hyponatremia was estimated via logistic regression analysis. Results Serum creatinine levels after chemotherapy increased significantly in both the brand-name and generic CDDP groups; no significant difference was evident between the two groups. Hyponatremia of grade 3 or above developed in 30.7% of the generic CDDP group compared to 15.1% of the brand-name CDDP group (P=0.011). Multivariate analysis showed that the use of generic CDDP increased the incidence of hyponatremia (odds ratio =5.661, 95% confidence interval =1.403–22.839; P=0.015). Conclusion Oncologists should be aware that use of a generic CDDP might be associated with more hyponatremia than would use of brand-name CDDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Ochi
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan ; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yamane
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Hotta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Fujii
- Department of Pharmacy, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideko Isozaki
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan ; Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Honda
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan ; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamagishi
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshio Kubo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mitsune Tanimoto
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan ; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nagio Takigawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Comparison of the potency of different propofol formulations: a randomized, double-blind trial using closed-loop administration. Anesthesiology 2014; 120:355-64. [PMID: 24051391 DOI: 10.1097/01.anes.0000435741.97234.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several commercial formulations of propofol are available. The primary outcome of this study was the required dose of propofol alone or combined with lidocaine to achieve induction of general anesthesia. METHODS This multicenter, double-blinded trial randomized patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III) just before elective surgery with the use of a computer-generated list. Three different propofol 1% formulations-Diprivan (Astra-Zeneca, Cheshire, United Kingdom), Propoven (Fresenius-Kabi AG, Bad Homburg, Germany), and Lipuro (B-Braun, Melshungen AG, Germany)-were compared with either placebo (saline solution) or lidocaine 1% mixed to the propofol solution. Depth of anesthesia was automatically guided by bispectral index and by a computerized closed-loop system for induction, thus avoiding dosing bias. The authors recorded the total dose of propofol and duration of induction and the patient's discomfort through a behavioral scale (facial expression, verbal response, and arm withdrawal) ranging from 0 to 6. The authors further evaluated postoperative recall of pain using a Visual Analog Scale. RESULTS Of the 227 patients enrolled, 217 were available for analysis. Demographic characteristics were similar in each group. Propoven required a higher dose for induction (2.2 ± 0.1 mg/kg) than Diprivan (1.8 ± 0.1 mg/kg) or Lipuro (1.7 ± 0.1 mg/kg; P = 0.02). However, induction doses were similar when propofol formulations were mixed with lidocaine. Patient discomfort during injection was significantly reduced with lidocaine for every formulation: Diprivan (0.5 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.3), Propoven (0.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.4 ± 0.3), and Lipuro (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3), all differences significant, with P < 0.0001. No adverse effect was reported. CONCLUSION Plain propofol formulations are not equipotent, but comparable doses were required when lidocaine was concomitantly administered.
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Simoni RF, Miziara LEDPG, Esteves LO, D'Castro JGR, Morales CA, Sandrin CEE, Contente TC, Oliveira-Silva D. Pharmacodynamic evaluation and physical/chemical analysis of two formulations of propofol used in target-controlled infusion. Braz J Anesthesiol 2014; 63:59-65. [PMID: 24565090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There are several formulations of propofol available to the anesthesiologist for clinical use. The aim of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties, pharmacodynamic effect, and pharmaceutical and clinical equivalence of the reference drug propofol as well as a similar formulation. METHOD Sixteen volunteers were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, and paired study of Diprivan® and Propovan® formulations. Formulations were given as target-controlled infusion with target concentration of 3.0 μg.mL(-1) for 15 minutes. Variables studied were the area under the curve (AUC) of the bispectral index (BIS) graph regarding time, minimum BIS reached and time to reach it, and recovery time. The two formulations were sent to analysis of particle size of lipid emulsion, surface potential, and active principle quantification. RESULTS There was no difference between the formulations when comparing AUC, minimum BIS reached and time to reach it. The similar formulation recovery time was lower compared to the reference formulation (eight and 10 min, respectively, p = 0.014). Mean particle size of lipid emulsion, surface potential, and active ingredient quantification were similar for both formulations. CONCLUSION There was no clinically significant difference between the use of propofol, reference Diprivan®, and the similar Propovan® during infusion. However, the recovery time was longer with the reference drug. Although analysis of both formulations studied show similar results regarding its physicochemical characterization, further studies should be conducted to justify this difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Francisco Simoni
- TSA; MD; Co-responsible for Centro de Ensino e Treinamento (CET) from Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (SBA), Instituto Penido Burnier and Centro Médico de Campinas.
| | | | - Luis Otávio Esteves
- TSA; Co-responsible for CET-SBA, Instituto Penido Burnier and Centro Médico de Campinas
| | | | | | | | - Thaís Costa Contente
- PhD; Researcher at Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo
| | - Diogo Oliveira-Silva
- PhD; Associate Professor at Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Campus Diadema
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Simoni RF, de Paula Gomes Miziara LE, Esteves LO, Ribeiro D’Castro JG, Morales CA, Esqueapatti Sandrin CE, Contente TC, Oliveira-Silva D. Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Physical/Chemical Analysis of Two Formulations of Propofol used in Target-Controlled Infusion. Braz J Anesthesiol 2013; 63:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-7094(13)70198-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Jung J, Choi B, Cho S, Choe S, Ghim J, Lee H, Roh Y, Noh G. Effectiveness, safety, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of microemulsion propofol in patients undergoing elective surgery under total intravenous anaesthesia ‡. Br J Anaesth 2010; 104:563-76. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Al-Nasser B. [Sevoflurane and propofol: original and generic]. ANNALES FRANCAISES D'ANESTHESIE ET DE REANIMATION 2008; 27:120-122. [PMID: 18191934 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2007.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Al-Nasser
- Service d'anaesthésiste-réanimation, clinique du Parc-Saint-Lazare, 1 et 3, avenue Jean-Rostand, 60000 Beauvais, France.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007; 20:388-94. [PMID: 17620851 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0b013e3282c3a878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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