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Nivison MD, DeWitt KM, Roisman GI, Waters TEA. Scripted attachment representations of current romantic relationships: measurement and validation. Attach Hum Dev 2022; 24:561-579. [PMID: 34963416 PMCID: PMC9237183 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2021.2020855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the development and validation of a new coding system for the Current Relationship Interview (CRI) that assesses individual differences in secure base script knowledge with respect to adult romantic partners. Drawing on data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation (N = 116) a coding system was developed to parallel the secure base script coding system for the Adult Attachment Interview. Specifically, CRIs conducted in adulthood were re-coded for the extent to which the interviews reflected script-like expectations that romantic partners are available and provide effective support in times of distress (CRIsbs). CRIsbs was moderately associated with the traditional coding system for the CRI and showed concurrent and/or predictive validity in relation to observed and self-reported romantic relationship quality as well as interview ratings of the effectiveness with which adults engaged in romantic relationships. Theoretical and practical benefits of the CRIsbs coding system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D. Nivison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Katie M. DeWitt
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Glenn I. Roisman
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Theodore E. A. Waters
- Department of Psychology, New York University – Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Christoforou R, Ferreira N. The serial mediational role of attachment and emotion regulation in the relationship between early life adverse experiences and self-harm in a group of individuals engaging in self-harm who interact in self-harm focused online platforms. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2022.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rodríguez-Blanco L, Carballo-Belloso JJ, de León S, Baca-García E. A longitudinal study of adolescents engaged in Non-Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI): clinical follow-up from adolescence to young adulthood. Psychiatry Res 2021; 297:113711. [PMID: 33486275 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of the current study is to examine the demographic and clinical factors that predict a continuity of the use of Mental Health Services (MHS) in adulthood by subjects who have engaged in non-suicidal-self-injury behaviors (NSSI) and have been followed in MHS in their teen years. A cohort of 147 participants was selected from an original sample of 267 adolescent patients recruited from the Child and Adolescent Outpatient Psychiatric Services. Patients were divided into two groups: those who had engaged in NSSI (NSSI-group), and those who had not (non-NSSI-group). Rate of use of MHS in adulthood was calculated for both groups and univariate analyses and binary logistic regression analysis were applied. In the NSSI-group, two factors appeared to influence a continuity of the use of MHS in adulthood. Prosocial behavior was associated with a greater use of MHS in adulthood whereas behavioral problems were associated with less use. Only prosocial behavior was maintained in the regression model as a predictor. Our findings could have implications for clinical practice with NSSI patients and highlight the importance of working on specific areas that could prevent treatment abandonment in the transition from adolescence to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Rodríguez-Blanco
- Psychiatry Department, General Hospital of Villalba Carretera de Alpedrete a Moralzarzal M-608 Km 41, 28400, Collado Villalba. Madrid, Spain; Psychiatry Department, Autonomous University of Madrid. 4, Arzobispo Morcillo, 28029. Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Jose Carballo-Belloso
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañón. 46, Dr. Esquerdo, 28007. Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Institute of Health. Madrid, Spain 3-5, Monforte de Lemos, 28029. Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago de León
- Signal Theory and Communications Department. Carlos III University. 30, Universiy Avenue, 28911. Leganés. Madrid
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Psychiatry Department, General Hospital of Villalba Carretera de Alpedrete a Moralzarzal M-608 Km 41, 28400, Collado Villalba. Madrid, Spain; Psychiatry Department, Autonomous University of Madrid. 4, Arzobispo Morcillo, 28029. Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Carlos III Institute of Health. Madrid, Spain 3-5, Monforte de Lemos, 28029. Madrid, Spain; Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Jiménez Díaz Foundationt. 2, Reyes Católicos Avenue, 28040. Madrid, Spain; Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Rey Juan Carlos. Gladiolo, s/n, 28933. Mostoles, Spain; Psychiatry Department, University Hospital Infanta Elena. 21, Reyes Católicos Avenue, 28342. Valdemoro, Spain; Psychiatry Department, Catholic University of the Maule. San Miguel Avenue, 3605. Talca, Chile; Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Nimes, 4, Rue du Professeur Robert Debré, 30029. Nîmes, Francia
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Profiles of Emotion Dysregulation Among University Students Who Self-Injure: Associations with Parent-Child Relationships and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Characteristics. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:767-787. [PMID: 33449284 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
More research is needed to understand the different vulnerability profiles of university students who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study sought to classify university students (n = 479; 83.8% female) aged 17-25 years (M = 18.77; SD = 1.42) who had engaged in NSSI within the past year into latent profiles based on their self-perceived difficulties in regulating both positive and negative emotions. Independent samples of students who had a past history of NSSI but had not self-injured within the previous year (n = 439; 82.9% females; Mage = 19.03, SD = 1.62) and who had no history of NSSI (n = 1551; 69.9% females; Mage = 19.02, SD = 1.55) were recruited for comparison purposes. Latent cluster analyses revealed three emotion regulation profiles within the NSSI sample-the Average Difficulties (47.4%), Dysregulated (33.0%), and Low Difficulties (19.6%) profiles-each of which differed meaningfully from both comparison samples on mean emotion regulation difficulties. Students across profiles also differed in their self-reported experiences with parents, particularly with fathers (pressure, antipathy, unresolved attachment, psychological control), and in the extent to which they felt alienated from parents. Lastly, students across profiles differed in the frequency, methods, functions, and addictive properties of their NSSI. Findings highlight that university students who self-injure experience distinct patterns of difficulties with emotion regulation, which are associated with variation in parent-child relational risk factors and NSSI outcomes.
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Pallini S, Terrinoni A, Iannello S, Cerutti R, Ferrara M, Fantini F, Laghi F. Attachment-Related Representations and Suicidal Ideations in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Adolescents with and without Suicide Attempts: A Pilot Study. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:909-920. [PMID: 32175618 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consistent with the debate surrounding the association between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal intent, and suicidal behavior, and between NSSI and dysregulation processes, we attempted to analyze suicide intent and emotion dysregulation in NSSI adolescents, in the framework of the attachment representations and exploring these clues of emotion dysregulation characteristics of insecure attachment. Furthermore, we intended to focus on these attachment-related segregated systems regarding death and suicidal ideations, to explore how differently they would characterize self-injuring adolescents with and without suicide attempts. METHODS Thirty-four NSSI inpatient adolescents, 17 with suicide attempts, 17 without suicide attempts, and 17 healthy controls (age 11-17) were assessed using Adult Attachment Projective, which allows for the classification of attachment status and related emotion dysregulation and segregated systems. RESULTS The majority of the NSSI group with and without suicide attempts showed unresolved (disorganized) attachment-related representations and clues of damaged reflective functions, whereas only the NSSI with suicide attempts showed clues of impaired interpersonal relationships. The two clinical groups used words expressing suicidal intent, whereas the healthy group did not. CONCLUSIONS Therapists are encouraged not to underestimate suicidal ideation in NSSI regardless of whether or not they have already attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pallini
- Department of Education, University of Rome Tre, Roma, Italy
| | - Arianna Terrinoni
- Department of Pediatrics and Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Iannello
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Cerutti
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ferrara
- Department of Pediatrics and Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Fantini
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Oon-Arom A, Wongpakaran T, Satthapisit S, Saisavoey N, Kuntawong P, Wongpakaran N. Suicidality in the elderly: Role of adult attachment. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 44:8-12. [PMID: 31302442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Attachment styles reflect interpersonal relationship patterns in many ways. Although there is increasing evidence regarding the relationship between attachment styles and suicidality in adults, few studies have been conducted among the elderly population. Present study aims to investigate the link between attachment style and risk of suicidality in elderly people. A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data among geriatric outpatients at psychiatric clinics in Thailand with respect to whether patients had depressive disorders according to DSM-IV by using Mini-Neuropsychiatric Interviews (MINI). MINI-Module C was used to assess suicidality. Other measures included the experience of close relationship questionnaire and a brief cognitive assessment, Mental Status Examination T10. One-hundred and ninety-one elderly people were included, 50.8% females and 119 (62.3%) had depressive disorder. Anxiety attachment predicted suicidality, determined with questions related to the following areas; "want to hurt myself", "suicidal ideation", "suicidal planning", and "suicidal attempted in lifetime". Anxiety attachment style was significantly increased the level of suicide risk. We concluded that high anxious attachment, such as preoccupied attachment style, was associated with suicidality in elderly people. Further investigation focusing on variables associated with attachment and suicidality, particularly depression or anxiety, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awirut Oon-Arom
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., Tambol Sriphum, Amphur Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., Tambol Sriphum, Amphur Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sirina Satthapisit
- Department of Psychiatry, Khon Kaen Hospital, 56 Srichan Road, Muang District, Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand, Thailand
| | - Nattha Saisavoey
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Rd. Siriraj Bangkoknoi Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pimolpun Kuntawong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., Tambol Sriphum, Amphur Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Rd., Tambol Sriphum, Amphur Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Olié E, Doell KC, Corradi-Dell’Acqua C, Courtet P, Perroud N, Schwartz S. Physical pain recruits the nucleus accumbens during social distress in borderline personality disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:1071-1080. [PMID: 30204911 PMCID: PMC6204482 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often engage in dangerous self-injurious behaviors (SIBs) as a maladaptive technique to decrease heightened feelings of distress (e.g. negative feelings caused by social exclusion). The reward system has recently been proposed as a plausible neural substrate, which may influence the interaction between social distress and physical pain processing in patients that engage in SIBs. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 20 adult BPD patients with a history of SIBs and 23 healthy controls (HCs), we found a hyper-activation of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and amygdala when painful stimuli were presented to BPD patients (but not HCs) in a state of heightened distress, induced via social exclusion. This differential NAcc activity was mediated by anxious attachment style, which is a key developmental feature of the disorder. Altogether, these results suggest a neural mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of SIBs in these patients, which is likely reinforced via the reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Olié
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier - Inserm U1061 -University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kimberly C Doell
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Corradi-Dell’Acqua
- Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, FPSE, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier - Inserm U1061 -University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nader Perroud
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
The first aim of the current study was to examine the latent structure of attachment states of mind as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) among three groups of parents of children at risk for insecure attachments: parents who adopted internationally (N = 147), foster parents (N = 300), and parents living in poverty and involved with Child Protective Services (CPS; N = 284). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the state of mind rating scales loaded on two factors reflecting adults' preoccupied and dismissing states of mind. Taxometric analyses indicated the variation in adults' preoccupied states of mind was more consistent with a dimensional than a categorical model, whereas results for dismissing states of mind were indeterminate. The second aim was to examine the degree to which the attachment states of mind of internationally adoptive and foster parents differ from those of poverty/CPS-referred parents and low-risk parents. After controlling for parental age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, (a) internationally adoptive parents had lower scores on the dismissing dimension than the sample of community parents described by Haltigan, Leerkes, Supple, and Calkins (2014); (b) foster parents did not differ from community parents on either the dismissing or the preoccupied AAI dimension; and (c) both internationally adoptive and foster parents had lower scores on the preoccupied dimension than poverty/CPS-referred parents. Analyses using the traditional AAI categories provided convergent evidence that (a) internationally adoptive parents were more likely to be classified as having an autonomous state of mind than low-risk North American mothers based on Bakermans-Kranenburg and van IJzendoorn's (2009) meta-analytic estimates, (b) the rates of autonomous states of mind did not differ between foster and low-risk parents, and
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Martin J, Raby KL, Labella MH, Roisman GI. Childhood abuse and neglect, attachment states of mind, and non-suicidal self-injury. Attach Hum Dev 2017; 19:425-446. [PMID: 28548007 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2017.1330832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This investigation examined preoccupied attachment states of mind as both a risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and as a mechanism by which prospectively assessed childhood experiences of abuse and neglect predicted the frequency/severity of NSSI behavior up to age 26 years in 164 individuals (83 females) who were followed from birth in the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation. Preoccupied (but not dismissing) states of mind regarding both childhood caregivers and adult romantic partners were correlated with more frequent/severe NSSI. Furthermore, preoccupied states of mind regarding caregivers partially accounted for the association between childhood abuse/neglect and NSSI. This work represents a rare prospective test of a developmental psychopathology framework for understanding NSSI behavior, in which atypical caregiving experiences are carried forward through attachment representations of caregivers that reflect behavioral risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Martin
- a Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , Canada
| | - K Lee Raby
- b Department of Psychology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Madelyn H Labella
- c Institute of Child Development , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Glenn I Roisman
- c Institute of Child Development , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA.,d Department of Psychology , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
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Childhood abuse and neglect and insecure attachment states of mind in adulthood: Prospective, longitudinal evidence from a high-risk sample. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:347-363. [PMID: 28401830 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present report used data from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation to investigate the factor structure and childhood abuse and/or neglect related antecedents of adults' attachment states of mind in a high-risk sample. Adult Attachment Interviews (AAIs) were collected when participants were age 26 years (N = 164) and Current Relationship Interviews (CRIs) were collected from participants (N = 116) and their romantic partners when target participants were between ages 20 and 28 years (M = 25.3 years). For both the AAI and the CRI, exploratory factor analyses revealed that (a) attachment state of mind scales loaded on two weakly correlated dimensions reflecting dismissing and preoccupied states of mind and (b) ratings of unresolved discourse loaded on the same factor as indicators of preoccupied states of mind. Experiencing any subtype of abuse and/or neglect, especially during multiple developmental periods, and experiencing multiple subtypes of abuse and/or neglect during childhood were associated with risk for preoccupied (but not dismissing) AAI states of mind regarding childhood relationships with caregivers. Analyses focused on the particular subtypes, and perpetrators indicated that the predictive significance of childhood abuse/neglect for adult's AAI preoccupied states of mind was specific to experiences of abuse (but not neglect) perpetrated by primary caregivers. In addition, experiencing chronic or multiple subtypes of childhood abuse and/or neglect increased risk for dismissing (but not preoccupied) CRI states of mind regarding adult romantic partners.
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