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Kim KR, Hwang D, Kim J, Lee CY, Lee W, Yoon DS, Shin D, Min SJ, Kwon IC, Chung HS, Ahn DR. Streptavidin-mirror DNA tetrahedron hybrid as a platform for intracellular and tumor delivery of enzymes. J Control Release 2018; 280:1-10. [PMID: 29723615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extremely high substrate specificity and catalytically amplified activity of enzymes, the lack of efficient cellular internalization limits their application as therapeutics. To overcome this limitation and to harness enzymes as practical biologics for targeting intracellular functions, we developed the streptavidin-mirror DNA tetrahedron hybrid as a platform for intracellular delivery of various enzymes. The hybrid consists of streptavidin, which provides a stoichiometrically controlled loading site for the enzyme cargo and an L-DNA (mirror DNA) tetrahedron, which provides the intracellular delivery potential. Due to the cell-penetrating ability of the mirror DNA tetrahedron of this hybrid, enzymes loaded on streptavidin can be efficiently delivered into the cells, intracellularly expressing their activity. In addition, we demonstrate tumor delivery of enzymes in an animal model by utilizing the potential of the hybrid to accumulate in tumors. Strikingly, the hybrid is able to transfer the apoptotic enzyme specifically into tumor cells, leading to strong suppression of tumor growth without causing significant damage to other tissues. These results suggest that the hybrid may allow anti-proliferative enzymes and proteins to be utilized as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ran Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Hwang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeon Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Chemical & Molecular Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Suk Chung
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ro Ahn
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomedical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Whitworth KM, Cecil R, Benne JA, Redel BK, Spate LD, Samuel MS, Prather RS, Wells KD. Zygote injection of RNA encoding Cre recombinase results in efficient removal of LoxP flanked neomycin cassettes in pigs. Transgenic Res 2018. [PMID: 29516259 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-018-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered pigs are often created with a targeting vector that contains a loxP flanked selectable marker like neomycin. The Cre-loxP recombinase system can be used to remove the selectable marker gene from the resulting offspring or cell line. Here is described a new method to remove a loxP flanked neomycin cassette by direct zygote injection of an mRNA encoding Cre recombinase. The optimal concentration of mRNA was determined to be 10 ng/μL when compared to 2 and 100 ng/μL (P < 0.0001). Development to the blastocyst stage was 14.1% after zygote injection with 10 ng/μL. This method successfully removed the neomycin cassette in 81.9% of injected in vitro derived embryos; which was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.0001). Embryo transfer resulted in the birth of one live piglet with a Cre deleted neomycin cassette. The new method described can be used to efficiently remove selectable markers in genetically engineered animals without the need for long term cell culture and subsequent somatic cell nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Whitworth
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Raissa Cecil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Joshua A Benne
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Bethany K Redel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lee D Spate
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Melissa S Samuel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, 159 ASRC, 920 East Campus Dr., Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Yum SY, Yoon KY, Lee CI, Lee BC, Jang G. Transgenesis for pig models. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:261-8. [PMID: 27030199 PMCID: PMC5037292 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.3.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models, particularly pigs, have come to play an important role in translational biomedical research. There have been many pig models with genetically modifications via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). However, because most transgenic pigs have been produced by random integration to date, the necessity for more exact gene-mutated models using recombinase based conditional gene expression like mice has been raised. Currently, advanced genome-editing technologies enable us to generate specific gene-deleted and -inserted pig models. In the future, the development of pig models with gene editing technologies could be a valuable resource for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Young Yum
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ki-Young Yoon
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Department of Biotechnology & Laboratory Animals, Shingu College, Seongnam 13174, Korea
| | - Choong-Il Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byeong-Chun Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Goo Jang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Emergence Center for Food-Medicine Personalized Therapy System, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea.,Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center, Institutes of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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Discovery of a non-cationic cell penetrating peptide derived from membrane-interacting human proteins and its potential as a protein delivery carrier. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11719. [PMID: 26114640 PMCID: PMC4481774 DOI: 10.1038/srep11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are peptides that can be translocated into cells and used as a carrier platform for the intracellular uptake of cargo molecules. Subject to the source of CPP sequences and their positively charged nature, the cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of conventional CPPs needs to be optimized to expand their utility for biomedical applications. In addition to these safety issues, the stability of CPPs needs to be addressed since their positively charged residues are prone to interact with the biological milieu. As an effort to overcome these limitations of the current CPP technology, we isolated CPP candidate sequences and synthesized peptides from twelve isoforms of annexin, a family of membrane-interacting human proteins. The candidate screen returned a CPP rich in hydrophobic residues that showed more efficient cellular uptake than TAT-CPP. We then investigated the uptake mechanism, subcellular localization, and biophysical properties of the newly found CPP, verifying low cytotoxicity, long-term serum stability, and non-immunogenicity. Finally, model proteins conjugated to this peptide were successfully delivered into mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo, indicating a potential use of the peptide as a carrier for the delivery of macromolecular cargos.
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Oh HJ, Park EJ, Lee SY, Soh JW, Kong IS, Choi SW, Ra JC, Kang SK, Lee BC. Comparison of cell proliferation and epigenetic modification of gene expression patterns in canine foetal fibroblasts and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:438-44. [PMID: 22925503 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared rate of cell proliferation, viability, cell size, expression patterns of genes related to pluripotency and epigenetic modification between canine foetal fibroblasts (cFF) and canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAd-MSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Proliferation pattern, cell viability as well as cell size at each passage of cFF and cAd-MSC were measured when cultures reached confluence. In addition, real-time PCR was performed to investigate expression of Dnmt1, HDAC1, OCT4, SOX2, BAX, BCL2 genes with reference to β-actin gene expression as an endogenous control in both cell lines. RESULTS cFF and cAd-MSC differed in number of generations, but not in doubling times, at all passages. Mean cell size of cAd-MSC was significantly smaller than that of cFF. Cell viability was significantly lower in cFFs and apoptotic level was significantly lower in cAd-MSC compared to passage-matched cFF. In the expression of genes related to pluripotency and epigenetic modification, level of HDAC1 in cAd-MSC was significantly higher than in cFF, but expression of Dnmt1 did not differ between the two groups. OCT4 and SOX2 were significantly more highly expressed in cAd-MSC compared to cFF. CONCLUSIONS cAd-MSC have higher stem-cell potential than cFF in terms of proliferation patterns, epigenetic modification and pluripotency, thus cAd-MSC could be more appropriate than cFF as donors of nuclei in somatic cell nuclear transfer for transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Oh
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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