Vortioxetine 20 mg/day in patients with major depressive disorder: updated analysis of efficacy, safety, and optimal timing of dose adjustment

Vortioxetine in the routine management of major depressive disorder: an analysis of European automated healthcare databases

OBJECTIVE

Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant approved for the treatment of major depressive episodes. As part of the overall European risk-management plan, we aimed to fill data gaps on relevant missing information such as the extent of vortioxetine use in special populations and assessment of selected potential risks.

METHODS

This non-interventional post-authorization safety study used longitudinal administrative claims/medical records data from 10,358 patients newly prescribed vortioxetine in Finland, Spain, and the Netherlands (EU-PAS register: EUPAS19199).

RESULTS

Elderly patients (≥75 years) accounted for 3-14% of the assessed populations, while off-label pediatric prescribing was low (0.1-0.5%). Patients with a comorbid diagnosis of mania/hypomania accounted for 0.4-10% of the population, while patients with comorbid neurological conditions accounted for ≤3% of patients. The median prescribed daily vortioxetine dose was 10 mg and mean exposure was 72-238 days. The proportions of patients who had one of the events of interest (suicidal events, epilepsy, convulsions/seizures, severe renal or hepatic events) recorded during vortioxetine exposure were all ≤1%.

CONCLUSION

In this European healthcare database study, the extent and characteristics of vortioxetine use were in line with clinical trial experience and the current label. Analyses of events, including those of special interest, did not raise any new safety concerns.

Functional improvement as a treatment goal in major depressive disorder: a narrative review of the evidence for vortioxetine

This narrative review used manufacturer-sponsored vortioxetine clinical trial database (doses of 5-20 mg) to evaluate the effect of vortioxetine treatment on short- and long- term functional outcomes in major depressive disorder (MDD), in both the clinical trial setting and in routine practice. The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) was the most used functional scale and, based on this measure, short-term, placebo-controlled studies demonstrated significant improvements with vortioxetine 10 mg (reductions ranged from -0.92 to -2.10 points vs placebo after 6-8 weeks treatment) and 20 mg (reductions ranged from -0.88 to -3.92 vs placebo). Of note, the acute beneficial effects of vortioxetine on functionality were seen in patients with severe baseline depressive symptoms as well as those with significant anxiety. Long-term open-label extension studies further showed that maintenance treatment was associated with continued functional improvements over one year (reaching an average reduction of -6.2 SDS points from baseline) that were correlated with continued improvements in residual symptoms. Evidence from real-world studies, using multiple functional outcomes, further demonstrated generalizability to routine practice where patients are living with multiple comorbidities previously excluded from the randomized controlled trials. Taken overall, the findings from several head-to-head studies indicated a functional advantage of vortioxetine compared with other classes of antidepressants and demonstrated the effectiveness of vortioxetine as first-line treatment while also confirming its effectiveness in improving functional outcomes when given later in the treatment journey. In summary, vortioxetine is an effective treatment option for improving functional outcomes in people living with MDD.

Efficacy of vortioxetine versus desvenlafaxine in the treatment of functional impairment in patients with major depressive disorder: Results from the multinational VIVRE study

BACKGROUND

In VIVRE (NCT04448431), vortioxetine was associated with significantly higher rates of symptomatic and functional remission, better daily and social functioning, and greater treatment satisfaction than desvenlafaxine in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and partial response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy. This analysis further explored the relative improvement in patient functioning with vortioxetine versus desvenlafaxine.

METHODS

VIVRE was a randomized, double-blind study of vortioxetine (10 or 20 mg/day) versus desvenlafaxine (50 mg/day) in adults with MDD and partial response to initial SSRI monotherapy. Mean percentage changes from baseline to week 8 in Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) total and domain scores were analyzed by treatment group in the overall population and in working patients.

RESULTS

In the overall population, the mean reduction in FAST total score from baseline after 8 weeks of treatment was 37.2% in vortioxetine-treated patients versus 31.8% in desvenlafaxine-treated patients (P = 0.04). Significantly greater improvements versus desvenlafaxine were seen in vortioxetine-treated patients for FAST autonomy, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal-relationships scores (all P < 0.05). In working patients, the mean reduction in FAST total score from baseline at week 8 was 38.7% versus 32.1% in the vortioxetine and desvenlafaxine groups, respectively (P = 0.04). Significant correlations were seen between absolute changes in patient functioning, and those in depression severity and health-related quality of life.

CONCLUSION

Vortioxetine was significantly better than desvenlafaxine in improving overall functioning as well as daily, social, and cognitive functioning in patients with MDD with inadequate response to prior SSRI therapy.

The dose-response relationship of vortioxetine on major depressive disorder: an umbrella review

Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant, but its precise efficacy and dose-response relationship for treating different symptoms in major depressive disorder (MDD) is still unclear. This umbrella review aims to assess the effectiveness, tolerability, and dose-response relationship of vortioxetine across a comprehensive range of clinical features in adults with MDD, including cognition, depression, anxiety, quality of life, and side effects. We meticulously searched eight electronic databases and included systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of vortioxetine. The methodological quality of each included SR was independently assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. To evaluate the credibility of the evidence, we utilized the GRADE framework and the Ioannidis criteria. In total, 35 SRs with 278 MAs met the inclusion criteria and based on these studies we performed 56 MAs of interest. While vortioxetine has been consistently shown to have positive effects on various domains, the evidence regarding cognitive performance and depression symptoms is notably robust compared to placebo, despite of relatively overall low quality of evidence. Finally, a dose-response relationship was observed across all categories within the treatment range of 5-20 mg/d and a dosage of vortioxetine 20 mg/d is recommended for adult MDD patients to achieve full functional recovery.

Vortioxetine for depression in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AIM

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition and vortioxetine offers promising antidepressant effects due to its unique pharmacological profile. However, the dose-response relationships of vortioxetine for MDD is not well established. We aimed to conduct dose-response meta-analyses to fill this gap.

METHODS

We systematically searched multiple electronic databases for randomized controlled trials of vortioxetine for MDD, with the last search conducted on 08 February, 2024. The dose-response relationship was evaluated using a one-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis with restricted cubic spline model. The primary outcome was efficacy (mean change in depression scale score), with secondary outcomes including response, dropout for any reasons (acceptability), dropout for adverse events (tolerability), and any adverse events (safety).

RESULTS

The dose-response meta-analysis comprised 16 studies, with 4,294 participants allocated to the vortioxetine group and 2,299 participants allocated to the placebo group. The estimated 50% effective dose was 4.37 mg/day, and the near-maximal effective dose (95% effective dose) was 17.93 mg/day. Visual inspection of the dose-efficacy curve suggests that a plateau possibly had not been reached yet at 20 mg/day. Acceptability, tolerability and safety decreased as the dose increased. Subgroup analysis indicated that no significant differences were observed in acceptability, tolerability and safety among the dosage groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Vortioxetine may potentially provide additional therapeutic benefits when exceeding the current licensed dosage without significantly impacting safety. Conducting clinical trials exceeding the current approved dosage appears necessary to fully comprehend its efficacy and risk.

Safety and effectiveness of vortioxetine in patients with major depressive disorder in a real-life clinical setting in India: results from an interventional, flexible-dose study

OBJECTIVE

Vortioxetine has demonstrated safety and efficacy in improving symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), including overall functioning in real-world settings. This is the first study in a real-life clinical setting in India to evaluate effectiveness and safety of vortioxetine in patients with MDD.

METHODS

This interventional, open-label study consisted of a 12-week treatment period with flexible doses of vortioxetine (5-20 mg/day) in adult patients (aged 18-65 years) with a confirmed MDD diagnosis. Effectiveness outcomes included change from baseline to week 12 in Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scores, along with CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) scores at week 12, using a mixed model for repeated measures. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded for safety outcome assessments.

RESULTS

Of 395 patients who received vortioxetine, 42.3% were women mean age 38.9 years; 322 patients completed the study. Significant improvement in depressive symptoms was observed in change from baseline to week 12 least squares (LS) mean (SE) PHQ-9 total score (-9.36 [0.276]; p<.0001) and CGI-S score (-2.14 [0.065]; p<.0001). LS mean (SE) CGI-I score showed significant improvement at week 12 (1.93 [0.067]; p<.0001). Subgroup analysis across age, sex, disease severity, and body mass index showed significant improvements in depression symptoms and severity. A total of 35.4% (n = 140) of patients experienced treatment-emergent AEs (mostly mild-moderate); nausea and pruritus were the most frequent (6.6%, n = 26 each).

CONCLUSION

Safety and effectiveness of vortioxetine in improving symptoms of MDD over a 12-week period was demonstrated in a real-life clinical setting in India.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION

Open-label, flexible-dose study of vortioxetine in patients with major depressive disorder in India; Clinical Trials.gov ID: NCT04288895; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04288895.

Effectiveness of Vortioxetine for the Treatment of Emotional Blunting in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Experiencing Inadequate Response to SSRI/SNRI Monotherapy in Spain: Results from the COMPLETE Study

Background

The multinational, open-label COMPLETE study (NCT03835715) investigated the effectiveness of vortioxetine in alleviating emotional blunting in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experiencing inadequate response and emotional blunting while being treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). This paper presents results for the subgroup of patients enrolled in Spain.

Methods

Patients with MDD (n = 67) experiencing partial response and emotional blunting during monotherapy with an SSRI or SNRI were switched to vortioxetine (10-20 mg/day) for 8 weeks. The primary study outcome was emotional blunting, assessed by the Oxford Depression Questionnaire (ODQ).

Results

After 8 weeks of vortioxetine, the mean (SE) change in ODQ total score from baseline was -26.0 (2.9) (P < 0.001). Respective changes in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Motivation and Energy Inventory, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) total scores were -14.9 (0.8), +34.2 (4.5), +6.3 (1.6), and ‒9.0 (1.3) (all P < 0.001 vs baseline). At week 8, 70.4% of patients no longer reported emotional blunting and 53.7% had achieved remission from their depressive symptoms (defined as a MADRS total score ≤10). Mediation analysis showed 77.1% of the change in SDS total score to be a direct effect of the improvement in ODQ total score after switching to vortioxetine. Adverse events were reported by 35 patients (52.2%), most commonly nausea (14 patients, 20.9%). At week 8, 33/54 patients (61.1%) were receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day.

Conclusion

In this study investigating the effectiveness of vortioxetine in Spanish patients with MDD who experienced inadequate response and emotional blunting on SSRI/SNRI monotherapy, significant improvements in emotional blunting, core depressive symptoms (including anhedonia), sleep duration, motivation and energy, cognitive performance, and overall patient functioning were observed during the 8 weeks of treatment. Two-thirds of patients no longer reported emotional blunting and over half were in remission from their depressive symptoms at week 8.

Effectiveness of vortioxetine in elderly patients with major depressive disorder in real-world clinical practice: Results from the RELIEVE study

BACKGROUND

Data demonstrating the real-world, long-term effectiveness of vortioxetine in elderly patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are clinically useful to confirm findings from randomized trials.

METHODS

RELIEVE was a multinational, 24-week, observational, prospective study in outpatients with MDD initiating vortioxetine treatment in routine care settings (NCT03555136). Here, we report data from a subgroup of 130 patients aged ⩾ 65 years. The primary study outcome was changed from baseline in patient functioning assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Other clinical outcomes included depression severity (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity [CGI-S]), cognitive performance (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]) and symptoms (Perceived Deficits Questionnaire - Depression-5 item [PDQ-D-5]), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (EuroQoL 5 Dimensions 5 Levels [EQ-5D-5L]).

RESULTS

Clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements in patient functioning, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and HRQoL were observed at week 24. Least squares mean SDS, PHQ-9, CGI-S, PDQ-D-5, DSST, and EQ-5D-5L scores improved from baseline by 6.5, 5.7, 1.2, 3.2, 4.4, and 0.11 points, respectively (p < 0.01 for all). Adverse events were observed in 23.1% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Consistent with previous clinical studies of vortioxetine, this study supports the effectiveness and safety of vortioxetine in treating elderly patients with MDD in a real-world setting over a 6-month period. Patients showed clinically relevant and sustained improvements in psychosocial functioning, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function after receiving vortioxetine, which was generally well tolerated. Main study limitations include the open-label study design and lack of a placebo or comparator group.

Effectiveness of Vortioxetine in Working Patients with Major Depressive Disorder in China: A Subgroup Analysis of the RELIEVE China Study

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) causes significant functional impairments that impact on all aspects of patients' daily lives, including their ability to work, work productivity, and social life.

Purpose

To assess the real-world effectiveness of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine in working patients with MDD in China.

Patients and methods

RELIEVE China was an observational, prospective cohort study. Patients (aged ≥18 years) with MDD initiating treatment with vortioxetine in routine clinical practice settings were followed for 24 weeks. In this subgroup analysis, functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) in patients in full- or part-time work or education at baseline who remained on treatment at all follow-up visits (n=424). Depressive, cognitive, and anxiety symptoms were also assessed. For all endpoints, mean change from baseline at weeks 8 and 24 was analyzed using mixed models for repeated measures.

Results

Clinically relevant and sustained improvements in patient functioning and measures of work productivity were observed over the 24 weeks of vortioxetine treatment. The adjusted mean (standard error) reduction in SDS total score from baseline was 5.4 (0.3) points at week 8 and 8.7 (0.3) points at week 24 (both P<0.001 vs baseline). Significant improvements were observed across all SDS domains and in levels of absenteeism and presenteeism (P<0.001 vs baseline for all endpoints at both time points). Significant improvements in depressive, cognitive, and anxiety symptoms were also observed over the study period (all P<0.001 vs baseline). The proportion of patients in remission (ie, 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score ≤7) after 24 weeks of vortioxetine treatment was 65.4%. Vortioxetine was well tolerated; nausea was the most common adverse event, reported by 18.6% of patients.

Conclusion

These findings support the effectiveness and tolerability of vortioxetine in working patients with MDD receiving treatment in routine clinical practice settings in China.

Individualized strategies for depression: narrative review of clinical profiles responsive to vortioxetine

BACKGROUND

Depression is a highly heterogeneous disorder, often resulting in suboptimal response and remission rates. This underscores the need for more nuanced clinical characterization of patients to tailor individualized treatment plans. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of cognitive and emotional dysfunction in major depression, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic interventions that target these specific symptom domains.

MAIN TEXT

Vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant, enhances serotonergic activity while also modulating several other neurotransmitter systems involved in depressive symptoms such as emotional blunting, anhedonia, and cognitive dysfunction. Numerous randomized, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated vortioxetine's efficacy and safety in treating depression, particularly in specific subgroups of depressed patients, including those with cognitive deficits and comorbid anxiety symptoms or disorders. Although not randomized or placebo-controlled, studies have also shown vortioxetine's efficacy in depressed patients with emotional blunting or anhedonia. Vortioxetine's ability to effectively treat a range of depressive symptoms, including anhedonia, emotional blunting, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction, provides an individualized treatment solution for depressed individuals suffering from these symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to identify clinical profiles of patients who may benefit from vortioxetine, with the goal of optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

CONCLUSION

Vortioxetine has been shown to be effective for patients with depression and symptoms such as anhedonia, emotional blunting, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction. Tailoring treatment plans to individual needs and personalizing treatment choices based on the specific symptoms presented by depressed patients improve treatment outcomes.

Clinical benefits and bioequivalence of vortioxetine oral drop solution versus oral tablets

BACKGROUND

Vortioxetine is efficacious and well tolerated in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is available as an immediate-release tablet and oral drop solution. The oral drop solution may offer clinical benefits versus a tablet, such as the reduced risk of nausea, personalised dosing and ease of administration.

AIMS

To investigate the bioequivalence of vortioxetine 20 mg/mL oral drop solution versus a 20 mg immediate-release tablet.

METHODS

Healthy adults were randomised 1:1 to receive vortioxetine 20 mg oral drop solution or immediate-release 20 mg tablet after fasting on days 1 and 29 in an open-label, single-centre, single-dose crossover study. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 72 h (AUC0-72h) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were analysed. Bioequivalence was concluded if the 90% CI for the oral drop solution-to-immediate-release tablet ratio for AUC0-72h and Cmax were contained within a range of 0.80-1.25.

RESULTS

Vortioxetine oral drop solution was bioequivalent to the tablet (n = 26; estimated AUC0-72h ratio 1.06 (90% CI: 1.03-1.10); Cmax ratio 1.01 (90% CI: 0.97-1.05)). A similar proportion of participants reported adverse events in each study arm but more headache events (7 vs 1) were reported with the oral drop solution versus tablet. The most common adverse event was nausea (16-23% of participants; all mild intensity).

CONCLUSIONS

Vortioxetine oral drop solution is bioequivalent to immediate-release tablets. Oral drop solution provides an alternative to tablets and facilitates clinical benefit through individualised treatment, including gradual dose up-titration, for patients with MDD.

Efficacy and safety of zuranolone for the treatment of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and postpartum depression (PPD) are common and burdensome conditions. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zuranolone, a neuroactive steroid γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors-positive allosteric modulator, in treating MDD and PPD. A comprehensive literature search was conducted until September 2023, identifying seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The results demonstrated that zuranolone significantly decreased Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores in patients with PPD or MDD at day 15 (concluding the 14-day course) and day 42-45 (4 weeks after treatment cessation) compared with the placebo, albeit exhibiting a diminishing trend. Moreover, a higher percentage of patients with PPD or MDD achieved HAM-D response and remission with zuranolone treatment compared with placebo at day 15. However, zuranolone did not significantly increase the proportion of MDD patients achieving HAM-D remission at 42/43 days. Adverse events (AEs) such as somnolence, dizziness, and sedation were linked to zuranolone, with a higher but not statistically significant rate of discontinuation due to AEs in the zuranolone group. Overall, our findings support the rapid antidepressant effects of zuranolone in MDD and PPD, along with a relatively favorable safety and tolerability. Large-scale longitudinal RCTs are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of zuranolone.

Clinical benefits of vortioxetine 20 mg/day in patients with major depressive disorder

BACKGROUND

Vortioxetine has demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), with the greatest effect observed with vortioxetine 20 mg/day. This analysis further explored the clinical relevance of the more rapid and greater improvement in depressive symptoms observed with vortioxetine 20 mg/day vs 10 mg/day.

METHODS

Analysis of pooled data from six short-term (8-week), randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose studies of vortioxetine 20 mg/day in patients with MDD (N = 2620). Symptomatic response (≥50% decrease in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] total score), sustained symptomatic response, and remission (MADRS total score ≤10) were assessed by vortioxetine dosage (20 or 10 mg/day).

RESULTS

After 8 weeks, 51.4% of patients receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day had achieved symptomatic response vs 46.0% of those receiving vortioxetine 10 mg/day (P < .05). Significantly more patients achieved symptomatic response vs placebo from week 2 onwards for vortioxetine 20 mg/day and from week 6 onwards for vortioxetine 10 mg/day (both P ≤ .05). Sustained response was achieved from week 4 for 26.0% of patients receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day vs 19.1% of those receiving vortioxetine 10 mg/day (P < .01), increasing to 36.0% and 29.8%, respectively, over the 8-week treatment period (P < .05). At week 8, 32.0% of patients receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day were in remission vs 28.2% of those receiving vortioxetine 10 mg/day (P = .09). Rates of adverse events and treatment withdrawal were not increased during the week following vortioxetine dose up-titration to 20 mg/day.

CONCLUSION

Vortioxetine 20 mg/day provides more rapid and more sustained symptomatic response than vortioxetine 10 mg/day in patients with MDD, without compromising tolerability.

An Interim Analysis of a Randomized, Open-Label Study of Vilazodone, Escitalopram, or Vortioxetine for Major Depressive Disorder

INTRODUCTION

The troubling issues of conventional antidepressants are inadequate disease remission and potential adverse effects. There is a dearth of research findings comparing vilazodone, escitalopram, and vortioxetine. The objective of this analysis is to determinechanges in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scoresand the incidence of adverse events at 12 weeks.

METHODS

This is an exploratory interim analysis of a randomized, three-arm, open-label ongoing study. The participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either vilazodone (20-40 mg/d), escitalopram (10-20 mg/d), or vortioxetine (5-20 mg/d). Efficacy and safety assessments were done at baseline, four weeks, eight weeks, and 12 weeks.

RESULTS

Forty-nine(69%) of the 71 enrolled participants (mean age 43.9±12.2 years; 37 men (52%)) completed the 12-week follow-up. At baseline, the three groups' median HDRS scores were 30.0, 29.5, and 29.0 (p=0.76), respectively, and at 12 weeks, they amounted to 19.5, 19.5, and 18.0 (p=0.18), respectively. At baseline, group-wise median MADRS scores were 36, 36, and 36, respectively (p=0.79); at 12 weeks, they were 24, 24, and 23, respectively (p=0.03). In the post-hoc analysis, the inter-group comparison of the change in HDRS (p = 0.02) and MADRS (p = 0.06) scores from baseline did not reach statistical significance. No participants experienced serious adverse events.

CONCLUSION

In this initial assessment of a continuing study, vortioxetine exhibited a clinically (not statistically) significant drop in HDRS and MADRS scores, compared to vilazodone and escitalopram. The antidepressant effects need to be investigated further.

Effectiveness of vortioxetine in patients with major depressive disorder and comorbid Alzheimer's disease in routine clinical practice: An analysis of a post-marketing surveillance study in South Korea

Background

Vortioxetine has demonstrated procognitive effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We assessed the effectiveness and safety of vortioxetine in a cohort of patients with MDD and comorbid Alzheimer's disease participating in a large post-marketing surveillance study in South Korea.

Methods

Subgroup analysis of a 6-month, prospective, multicenter, non-interventional cohort study in outpatients with MDD with a pre-baseline diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease receiving vortioxetine in routine care settings (n = 207). Patients were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks; a subset of patients was also assessed after 24 weeks. Depression severity was assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, cognitive symptoms using the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression, Korean version (PDQ-K), and cognitive performance using the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).

Results

Most patients were receiving a mean daily vortioxetine dose of 5 mg/day (174/190 patients; 91.6%). After 24 weeks of vortioxetine treatment, 71.4% of patients (40/56) had experienced overall clinical improvement (i.e., CGI-Improvement score ≤3) and 51.9% (28/54) had achieved remission from depressive symptoms (i.e., MADRS total score ≤10 points). Respective mean changes in MADRS, PDQ-K, and DSST total scores from baseline to week 24 were -11.5 (p < 0.0001), -5.1 (p = 0.03), and +3.8 points (p = 0.0524). Adverse events were reported by 27 patients (13.0%) and were mostly mild (89.2%).

Conclusion

Patients with MDD and comorbid Alzheimer's disease receiving vortioxetine in routine care settings in South Korea demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in depressive symptoms, cognitive symptoms, and objective cognitive performance over the 6-month treatment period. Treatment with vortioxetine was well tolerated in this patient cohort, with reported adverse events consistent with the established tolerability profile of vortioxetine.

Real-world effectiveness of vortioxetine in outpatients with major depressive disorder: functioning and dose effects

BACKGROUND

Functional recovery is an important treatment goal in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study assessed the real-world effectiveness of vortioxetine in patients with MDD, with particular focus on functioning; dose-response was also assessed.

METHODS

This was a non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study conducted in Greece. Adult outpatients with MDD (n = 336) initiating vortioxetine (5-20 mg/day flexible dosing) as treatment for a current major depressive episode were followed for 3 months. Analyses were stratified according to vortioxetine dosage at 3 months: 5-10 mg/day versus 15-20 mg/day. Functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS).

RESULTS

Mean ± standard error SDS total score decreased (improved) from 18.7 ± 0.3 at baseline to 12.9 ± 0.3 after 1 month of vortioxetine treatment and 7.8 ± 0.4 after 3 months (p < 0.001 vs. baseline for all comparisons). Functional recovery (SDS score ≤ 6) was achieved in 14.6% of patients after 1 month of treatment and 48.4% of patients after 3 months. Improvement from baseline in SDS total and domain scores at 3 months was more pronounced in patients receiving vortioxetine 15-20 mg/day than in those receiving vortioxetine 5-10 mg/day. The mean ± standard error change in SDS total score from baseline was 9.2 ± 0.8 in the 5-10 mg/day group and 12.1 ± 0.4 in the 15-20 mg/day group (p < 0.001). Limitations of this study include its non-interventional study design and lack of a control group or active comparator.

CONCLUSIONS

Statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements in functioning were seen in patients with MDD treated with vortioxetine in a real-world setting. Higher doses of vortioxetine were associated with significantly greater improvements in functioning.

Effectiveness of vortioxetine in patients with major depressive disorder comorbid with generalized anxiety disorder: Results of the RECONNECT study

BACKGROUND

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are frequently comorbid.

AIMS

To assess the effectiveness of vortioxetine in patients with MDD and comorbid GAD.

METHODS

Open-label, 8-week study (NCT04220996) in 100 adult outpatients with severe MDD and severe comorbid GAD receiving vortioxetine as first treatment for the current depressive episode or switching to vortioxetine due to inadequate response to another drug for depression. Vortioxetine starting dosage was 10 mg/day, with forced up-titration to 20 mg/day after 1 week. Response was defined as ⩾50% decrease in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and/or Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) total score from baseline; remission defined as MADRS and/or HAM-A total score ⩽10.

RESULTS

Clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvements from baseline in symptoms of depression and anxiety, and overall functioning and health-related quality of life, were observed after 8 weeks' vortioxetine treatment (all changes p < 0.0001 vs baseline). At week 8, rates of MADRS response and remission were 61% and 35%, respectively. Corresponding rates of HAM-A response and remission were 55% and 42%. Response on both the MADRS and HAM-A scales was achieved by 52% of patients; 31% achieved remission on both scales. Vortioxetine dose up-titration was well tolerated; no unexpected adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSION

Vortioxetine demonstrates effectiveness in significantly reducing symptoms of both depression and anxiety in patients with severe MDD comorbid with severe GAD. Findings support increasing vortioxetine dosage to 20 mg/day early in the course of therapy, and show that this may be achieved without compromising tolerability.

Effectiveness of Vortioxetine in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder in Real-World Clinical Practice in Italy: Results from the RELIEVE Study

PURPOSE

Vortioxetine has demonstrated efficacy in randomized controlled trials and is approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD); however, data are limited concerning its effectiveness when used in routine clinical care. The Real-Life Effectiveness of Vortioxetine in Depression (RELIEVE) study aimed to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of vortioxetine for the treatment of MDD in routine clinical practice in Canada, France, Italy, and the USA. This paper presents findings for the patient cohort in Italy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

RELIEVE was a 6-month, international, observational, prospective cohort study in outpatients initiating vortioxetine treatment for MDD in routine care settings at their physician's discretion (NCT03555136). Patient functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Secondary outcomes included depression severity (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), cognitive symptoms (5-item Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression [PDQ-D-5]), and quality of life (EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels questionnaire [EQ-5D-5L]). Changes from baseline to month 6 were assessed using mixed models for repeated measures, adjusted for relevant confounders.

RESULTS

Data are available for 231 patients enrolled in Italy (mean age, 55.5 years; 27% >65 years). Overall, 69% of patients reported at least one comorbidity, 55% were overweight/obese, and 47% had current anxiety symptoms. Adjusted least-squares mean (standard error) change in SDS score from baseline to week 24 was -6.6 (0.6) points (P < 0.001). Respective changes in PHQ-9, PDQ-D-5, and EQ-5D-5L scores were -5.9 (0.5), -3.6 (0.4), and +0.13 (0.01) points (all P < 0.0001). Adverse events were reported by 29 patients (13%), most commonly nausea (n = 14, 6%). Eleven patients (5%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events.

CONCLUSION

Clinically relevant and sustained improvements in overall functioning, symptoms of depression, cognitive symptoms, and health-related quality of life were observed in patients with MDD treated with vortioxetine over a period of 6 months in routine care in Italy, including a high proportion of elderly patients.

Effectiveness of Vortioxetine in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder in Real-World Clinical Practice: Results of the RELIEVE Study

BACKGROUND

Randomized controlled clinical trials have shown vortioxetine to be efficacious and well tolerated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The Real-Life Effectiveness of Vortioxetine in Depression (RELIEVE) study was undertaken to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of vortioxetine for the treatment of MDD in routine clinical practice.

METHODS

RELIEVE was a 24-week, observational, prospective cohort study in outpatients with MDD initiating treatment with vortioxetine at their physician's discretion in routine care settings in Canada, France, Italy, and the USA (NCT03555136). The primary study outcome was patient functioning assessed by the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Secondary outcomes included depression severity [9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)], cognitive symptoms [5-item Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression (PDQ-D-5)], and cognitive performance [Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)]. Mixed models of repeated measures were used to assess change from baseline at week 24, adjusted for relevant confounders.

RESULTS

A total of 737 patients were eligible for inclusion in the full analysis set. Most patients (73.7%) reported at least one comorbid medical condition, 56.0% had comorbid anxiety and 24.4% had comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. Improvement in least-squares (LS) mean SDS score from baseline to week 24 was 8.7 points. LS mean PHQ-9, PDQ-D-5 and DSST scores improved by 7.4, 4.6, and 6.2 points, respectively. Adverse events were observed in 21.2% of patients [most commonly, nausea (8.2% of patients)].

CONCLUSIONS

These results demonstrate the effectiveness and tolerability of vortioxetine for the treatment of MDD in a large and heterogeneous patient population representative of that encountered in routine clinical practice.

Effectiveness of Vortioxetine in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder in Real-World Clinical Practice: French Cohort Results from the Global RELIEVE Study

AIM

Functional recovery is an important treatment goal in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The Real-Life Effectiveness of Vortioxetine in Depression (RELIEVE) study assessed the effectiveness of vortioxetine in patients with MDD receiving treatment in routine clinical care settings in France, Italy, Canada, and the United States. This paper presents the study data for the cohort enrolled in France.

METHODS

RELIEVE was a 6-month, international, observational, prospective cohort study in outpatients initiating vortioxetine treatment for MDD at their physician's discretion (NCT03555136). Patients were assessed at routine clinic visits at study entry (baseline) and after 12 and 24 weeks of vortioxetine treatment. The primary study outcome was patient functioning, assessed by the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Secondary outcomes included depression severity (assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]), cognitive symptoms (assessed by the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression [PDQ-D-5]), and cognitive performance (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]). Changes from baseline to week 24 were assessed using mixed models for repeated measures, adjusted for relevant confounders. Adverse events spontaneously reported by the patient or observed by the investigator were recorded.

RESULTS

Data are available for 184 patients in France (mean age, 50.2 years; 65.2% female). Overall, 67.9% of patients had at least one comorbidity and 46.2% reported current anxiety symptoms at baseline. Adjusted least-squares mean (standard error) change in SDS score from baseline to week 24 was -10.9 (0.6) points (P < 0.001). Respective changes for PHQ-9, PDQ-D-5 and DSST scores were -9.3 (0.5), -6.1 (0.4), and +6.9 (1.0) points (all P < 0.0001). Adverse events were reported by 29 patients (15.8%), most commonly nausea (11 patients, 6.0%).

CONCLUSION

Clinically relevant and sustained improvements in overall functioning, depressive symptoms, cognitive symptoms, and cognitive performance were observed in patients with MDD treated with vortioxetine for 6 months in routine clinical practice settings in France.