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Martínez-Cao C, García-Fernández A, González-Blanco L, Sáiz PA, Bobes J, García-Portilla MP. Anticholinergic load: A commonly neglected and preventable risk to cognition during schizophrenia treatment? Schizophr Res Cogn 2024; 37:100317. [PMID: 38745931 PMCID: PMC11092394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is a widespread feature of schizophrenia, affecting nearly 80 % of patients. Prior research has linked the anticholinergic burden of psychiatric medications to these cognitive deficits. However, the impact of the anticholinergic burden from medications for physical morbidity remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the anticholinergic burden of psychiatric and physical medications in patients with schizophrenia and assess its impact on cognitive function. Methods A total of 178 patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The assessments included an ad hoc questionnaire for collecting demographic and clinical data. Anticholinergic burden was evaluated using the cumulative Drug Burden Index (cDBI) for each participant, and cognitive function was assessed using MATRICS. Psychopathology was measured using the PANSS, CDSS, CAINS, and the CGI-S. Statistical analysis included Student's t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions. Results The average cDBI was 1.3 (SD = 0.9). The model developed explained 40.80 % of the variance. The variable with the greatest weight was the cDBI (B = -11.148, p = 0.010). Negative-expression (B = -2.740, p = 0.011) and negative-experiential (B = -1.175, p = 0.030) symptoms were also associated with lower global cognitive score. However, more years of education (B = 5.140, p < 0.001) and cigarettes per day (B = 1.331, p < 0.001) predicted a better global cognitive score. Conclusion This study identified specific predictors of global cognition in schizophrenia, with anticholinergic burden emerging as the strongest factor. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the anticholinergic burden of treatments, in addition to negative symptoms, when designing interventions to optimize or maintain cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Martínez-Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ainoa García-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Leticia González-Blanco
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Pilar A. Sáiz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Julio Bobes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - María Paz García-Portilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Health Service of the Principality of Asturias (SESPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
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2
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Hatzimanolis A, Tosato S, Ruggeri M, Cristofalo D, Mantonakis L, Xenaki LA, Dimitrakopoulos S, Selakovic M, Foteli S, Kosteletos I, Vlachos I, Soldatos RF, Nianiakas N, Ralli I, Kollias K, Ntigrintaki AA, Stefanatou P, Murray RM, Vassos E, Stefanis NC. Diminished social motivation in early psychosis is associated with polygenic liability for low vitamin D. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:36. [PMID: 38238289 PMCID: PMC10796745 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Insufficiency of vitamin D levels often occur in individuals with schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, it is unknown whether this represents a biological predisposition, or it is essentially driven by illness-related alterations in lifestyle habits. Lower vitamin D has also been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and predominant negative psychotic symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of polygenic risk score for circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (PRS-vitD) to symptom presentation among individuals with FEP enrolled in the Athens First-Episode Psychosis Research Study (AthensFEP n = 205) and the Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS n = 123). The severity of psychopathology was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale at baseline and follow-up assessments (AthensFEP: 4-weeks follow-up, PICOS: 1-year follow-up). Premorbid intelligence and adjustment domains were also examined as proxy measures of neurodevelopmental deviations. An inverse association between PRS-vitD and severity of negative symptoms, in particular lack of social motivation, was detected in the AthensFEP at baseline (adjusted R2 = 0.04, p < 0.001) and follow-up (adjusted R2 = 0.03, p < 0.01). The above observation was independently validated in PICOS at follow-up (adjusted R2 = 0.06, p < 0.01). No evidence emerged for a relationship between PRS-vitD and premorbid measures of intelligence and adjustment, likely not supporting an impact of lower PRS-vitD on developmental trajectories related to psychotic illness. These findings suggest that polygenic vulnerability to reduced vitamin D impairs motivation and social interaction in individuals with FEP, thereby interventions that encourage outdoor activities and social engagement in this patient group might attenuate enduring negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodore-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Doriana Cristofalo
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonidas Mantonakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lida-Alkisti Xenaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Mirjana Selakovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefania Foteli
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kosteletos
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Vlachos
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Rigas-Filippos Soldatos
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Nianiakas
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Ralli
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kollias
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki-Aikaterini Ntigrintaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pentagiotissa Stefanatou
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College, London, UK
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- National Institute for Health Research, Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College, London, UK
- Department of Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nikos C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodore-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, Greece
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3
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disorders of social cognition, such as difficulties with emotion perception, alexithymia, Theory of Mind (ToM), empathy and disorders of emotion regulation, are prevalent and pervasive problems across many neurological, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions. Clinicians are familiar with how these difficulties present but assessment and treatment has lagged behind other traditional cognitive domains, such as memory, language and executive functioning. METHOD In this paper, we review the prevalence and degree of impairment associated with disorders of social cognition and emotion regulation across a range of clinical conditions, with particular emphasis on their relationship to cognitive deficits and also real-world functioning. We reported effects sizes from published meta-analyses for a range of clinical disorders and also review test usage and available tests. RESULTS In general, many clinical conditions are associated with impairments in social cognition and emotion regulation. Effect sizes range from small to very large and are comparable to effect sizes for impairments in nonsocial cognition. Socio-emotional impairments are also associated with social and adaptive functioning. In reviewing prior research, it is apparent that the standardized assessment of social cognition, in particular, is not routine in clinical practice. This is despite the fact that there are a range of tools available and accruing evidence for the efficacy of interventions for social cognitive impairments. CONCLUSION We are using this information to urge and call for clinicians to factor social cognition into their clinical assessments and treatment planning, as to provide rigorous, holistic and comprehensive person-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye McDonald
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Travis Wearne
- School of Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Penrith South, Australia
| | - Michelle Kelly
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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4
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He C, Zhang X, Xia Q, Gao H, Yan J, Chen X, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Xie W, Zhu C. Exploring the link between cognitive deficit, self-esteem, alexithymia, and depressive symptom of schizophrenia. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2648. [PMID: 35676241 PMCID: PMC9304851 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To the best of our knowledge, studies have been rarely conducted to assess the correlation between cognitive deficit, self-esteem, and alexithymia in the depressive symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ). Therefore, this study aims to explore the risk factors associated with impairment of cognitive function, alexithymia, and self-esteem among a representative sample of first-episode schizophrenic patients. METHOD We recruited 107 first-episode schizophrenic patients (48.6% male, 51.4% female, 36.94 ± 10.73 years) into the research group, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition). A total of 45 healthy people (51.1% male, 48.9% female, 32.47 ± 10.94 years) were enlisted in the healthy control group. Psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognitive functions were estimated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). The feelings of respect and self-acceptance were tested using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Emotion of identifying and describing were measured by self-report scale of Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20). RESULTS Overall cognitive impairment and alexithymia were found more serious in the patients of SCZ than the healthy group (p < .001, respectively). The patients of SCZ have higher self-esteem than the healthy group (p = .013). Total score of MoCA, ability of visual space and executive function, and delayed recall were explored had negatively correlation with alexithymia (r = -.319, p = .001; r = -.248, p = .010; r = -0.263, p = .006). Total score of RSES and depressive symptoms of PANSS had a positive correlation with alexithymia (r = .394, p = .001; r = .208, p = .032). Stepwise regression analyses have shown a positive relationship between difficulty describing feelings and depression subscale of PANSS (β = .188, t = -2.007, p = .047) while a negative relationship between externally oriented thinking and depression subscale of PANSS (β = -.244, t = -2.603, p = .011). A positive link correlation also was found between the total scores of TAS and RSES (β = .372, t = 4.144, p = .001). A negative relevance was found between the total scores of TAS and scores of MoCA (β = -.305, t = -3.348, p = .001). CONCLUSION Overall impairment of cognitive function and alexithymia are commonly encountered in SCZ patients. Poor cognitive function, alexithymia, and high level self-esteem may be specific detective risk factors for the depressive symptoms of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingrong Xia
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Junwei Yan
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuequan Chen
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhu
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Clinical Center for Mental and Psychological Diseases, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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5
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Rodríguez-Rajo P, García-Rudolph A, Sánchez-Carrión R, Aparicio-López C, Enseñat-Cantallops A, García-Molina A. Computerized social cognitive training in the subacute phase after traumatic brain injury: A quasi-randomized controlled trial. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35196474 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2042693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the usefulness of a computerized tasks module designed for the rehabilitation of social cognition (SC) in acquired brain injury. METHODS Quasi-randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03479970) involving 45 patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a subacute inpatient rehabilitation hospital. The experimental group (n = 28) received treatment with a computerized SC module in combination with a non-SC module. The control group (n = 26) only received a treatment with non-SC module. RESULTS Intragroup comparisons showed that the experimental group had better results for all SC measures, except for International Affective Picture System (IAPS). The control group improved for Facial Expressions of cEmotion-Stimuli and Tests (FEEST) and Moving Shapes Paradigm (MSP), showing no changes with respect to pretreatment in IAPS, MSP and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). Intergroup comparisons did not present differences between the two groups for pretreatment measures. Post-treatment comparison showed that the experimental group obtained better results for RMET than the control group. CONCLUSION The computerized SC module was useful for the rehabilitation of SC in patients with moderate-severe TBI in the subacute phase. The group that received combined rehabilitative treatment (SC + non-SC) obtained better results for SC than the group that received treatment intended only for non-SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rodríguez-Rajo
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Affiliated to the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A García-Rudolph
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Affiliated to the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Sánchez-Carrión
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Affiliated to the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Aparicio-López
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Affiliated to the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Enseñat-Cantallops
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Affiliated to the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A García-Molina
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació, Affiliated to the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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6
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Wójciak P, Domowicz K, Zabłocka M, Michalak M, Rybakowski JK. Association of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Assessed by the BNSS and SNS Scales With Neuropsychological Performance: A Gender Effect. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:797386. [PMID: 35002812 PMCID: PMC8738094 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.797386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The relationship between negative symptoms and neurocognitive performance in schizophrenia is well documented, but the mechanism of these connections remains unclear. The study aims to measure the relationship between the results on the new scales for the assessment of negative symptoms such as Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS) and Self-evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS), and the results of some neurocognition tests. The second aim is to assess a possible gender effect on these associations. Methods: The study included 80 patients (40 men, 40 women) with schizophrenia, aged 19-63 (mean 38 years), during the improvement period (total PANSS score <80, unchanged pharmacological treatment in the last 3 weeks). They were assessed using the BNSS, SNS, Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scales, and the tests for neuropsychological performance such as the Trail Making Test (TMT-A, TMT-B), Stroop Color-Word Interference Test, Verbal fluency tests (VFT), Category fluency test (CFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results: Male patients obtained higher scores than females on some PANSS and BNSS items. No gender differences were observed for the SNS scale. Female patients scored better in the PSP and CFT. In male patients, a significant positive correlation between the intensity of negative symptoms measured by the BNSS and the results of PSP with the Trail Making Test was observed. In female patients, we found a positive correlation between the results of BNSS and PSP with the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test. Conclusion: The obtained results confirm the relationship between negative symptoms and neurocognition in schizophrenia patients. However, in male and female patients such association was observed for different cognitive domains. Further research is needed to explain the nature of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Wójciak
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Klaudia Domowicz
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Zabłocka
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz K. Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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7
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Carruthers SP, Van Rheenen TE, Karantonis JA, Rossell SL. Characterising Demographic, Clinical and Functional Features of Cognitive Subgroups in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 32:807-827. [PMID: 34694542 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Considerable cognitive heterogeneity is present within the schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) population. Several subgroups characterised by more homogenous cognitive profiles have been identified. It is not yet clear however, whether these subgroups represent different points along a continuum of cognitive symptom severity, or whether they reflect unique profiles of the disorder. One way to determine this is by comparing subgroups on their non-cognitive characteristics. The aim of the present review was to systematically summarise our current understanding of the non-cognitive features of the cognitive subgroups of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Thirty-five relevant studies were identified from January 1980 to March 2020. Cognitive subgroups were consistently compared on age, sex, education, age of illness onset, illness duration, positive, negative and disorganised symptoms, depression and psychosocial functioning. It was revealed that subgroups were consistently distinguished by education, negative symptom severity and degree of functional impairment; with subgroups characterised by worse cognitive functioning performing/rated worse on these characteristics. The lack of consistent subgroup differences for the majority of the non-cognitive characteristics provides partial support for the notion that cognitive subgrouping in SSD is not simply reflecting a rehash of previously identified clinical subtypes. However, as subgroups were consistently distinguished by three characteristics known to be associated with cognition, our understanding of the extent to which the cognitive subgrouping approach is representing separate subtypes versus subdivisions along a continuum of symptom severity is still not definitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Carruthers
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - James A Karantonis
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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8
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Park KH, Park ES, Jo SM, Seo MH, Song YO, Jang SJ. Effects of a Short Emotional Management Program on Inpatients with Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105497. [PMID: 34065556 PMCID: PMC8160633 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of schizophrenia is gradually increasing worldwide. Many patients with schizophrenia have a diminished ability to empathize and to detect their own emotions or those of others, deteriorating their social functioning and their quality of life. Nonetheless, emotional management training may improve patients' emotion recognition, emotional expression, and negative symptoms. Developing and applying a short but effective program that reflects the current medical environment, in which hospital stays are ever-diminishing, is warranted. This one-group, pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental pilot study aimed to examine the effects of a short emotional management program (EMP-S) on 17 patients with chronic schizophrenia. Participants were patients hospitalized in the National Center for Mental Health in Korea. After the completion of a twice-a-week, eight-session, four-week long EMP-S, participants showed improvements in emotion recognition, emotional expression, and negative symptoms. Our results suggest the applicability and potential effectiveness of the EMP-S, which takes the length of psychiatric hospital stay and the inpatient environment into consideration. To minimize any barriers to social functioning in the post-discharge lives of inpatients with chronic schizophrenia and enhance their social cognition-by improving their emotion recognition, emotional expression, and negative symptoms-we suggest the periodical administration of this EMP-S to these inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwan Park
- National Center for Mental Health, 127, Yongmasan-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04933, Korea; (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (S.-M.J.); (M.-H.S.); (Y.-O.S.)
| | - Eun-Sook Park
- National Center for Mental Health, 127, Yongmasan-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04933, Korea; (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (S.-M.J.); (M.-H.S.); (Y.-O.S.)
| | - Sung-Mi Jo
- National Center for Mental Health, 127, Yongmasan-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04933, Korea; (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (S.-M.J.); (M.-H.S.); (Y.-O.S.)
| | - Mi-Hui Seo
- National Center for Mental Health, 127, Yongmasan-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04933, Korea; (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (S.-M.J.); (M.-H.S.); (Y.-O.S.)
| | - Young-Ok Song
- National Center for Mental Health, 127, Yongmasan-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 04933, Korea; (K.-H.P.); (E.-S.P.); (S.-M.J.); (M.-H.S.); (Y.-O.S.)
| | - Sun-Joo Jang
- Red Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-3223-8667
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9
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Peng XJ, Hei GR, Yang Y, Liu CC, Xiao JM, Long YJ, Huang J, Zhao JP, Wu RR. The Association Between Cognitive Deficits and Clinical Characteristic in First-Episode Drug Naïve Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:638773. [PMID: 33716832 PMCID: PMC7950319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.638773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease which characterized by positive symptom, negative symptom, general pathology syndrome and cognitive deficits. In recent years, many studies have investigated the relationship between cognitive deficits and clinical characteristics in schizophrenia, but relatively few studies have been performed on first-episode drug-naïve patients. Methods: Eighty seven first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients were assessed for positive symptom, negative symptom, general pathology symptom and cognitive deficits from the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Psychotics depression were assessed using the Calgary depressing scale for schizophrenia. The relationship between clinical characteristics and cognitive deficits were assessed using correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of cognitive deficits among the patients in our study was 85.1% (74/87) which was much higher than that in the general population. According to correlation analysis, negative symptom was negatively correlated with speed of processing and social cognition, and general pathology showed a negative correlation with attention/vigilance. In addition, a positive correlation was found between age and speed of processing. No correlation was found between cognitive deficits and positive symptom. Conclusions: This study confirmed that negative symptom is negatively related with some domains of cognitive function in first-episode drug naïve schizophrenia patients. Trail Registration: NCT03451734. Registered March 2, 2018 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Peng
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gang-Rui Hei
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chen-Chen Liu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Mei Xiao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Jun Long
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ren-Rong Wu
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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