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Yin Y, Ahmed N, Hassan MF, Guo K, Shakir Y, Zang J, Lyu J. Effect of Nano-selenium on Biological Mechanism of Goblet Cells of the Small Intestine Within Laying Hen. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1699-1710. [PMID: 37454307 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Dietary selenium intake within the normal physiological range is critical for various supporting biological functions. However, the effect of nano-selenium on biological mechanism of goblet cells associated with autophagy is largely unknown.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-selenium on the mucosal immune-defense mechanism of goblet cells (GCs) in the small intestine of laying hens.The autophagy was determined by using specific markers. Nano-selenium-treated group of immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and western blotting (WB) results indicated the strong positive immune signaling of microtubule-associated light chain (LC3) within the mucosal surface of the small intestine. However, weak expression of LC3 was observed in the 3-methyladenine autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) group. IHC and IF staining results showed the opposite tendency for LC3 of sequestosome 1 (P62/SQSTM1). P62/SQSTM1 showed strong positive immune signaling within the mucosal surface of the small intestine of the 3-MAgroup, and weak immune signaling of P62/SQSTM1 in the nano-selenium-treated group. Moreover, pinpointing autophagy was involved in the mucosal production and enrichment of mucosal immunity of the GCs. The morphology and ultrastructure evidence showed that the mucus secretion of GCs was significantly increased after nano-selenium treatment confirmed by light and transmission electron microscopy. Besides that, immunostaining of IHC, IF and WB showed that autophagy enhanced the secretion of Mucin2 (Muc2) protein in nano-selenium-treated group. This work illustrates that the nano-selenium particle might enhance the mucosal immune-defense mechanism via the protective role of GCs for intestinal homeostasis through autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Womens Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214002, China
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 90150, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Farooque Hassan
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Sindh, 67210, Pakistan
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, 215153, China
| | - Yasmeen Shakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Jia Zang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Womens Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
| | - Jue Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi No.2 Peoples Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
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Xu Q, Fu X, Xiu Z, Yang H, Men X, Liu M, Xu C, Li B, Zhao S, Xu H. Interleukin‑22 alleviates arginine‑induced pancreatic acinar cell injury via the regulation of intracellular vesicle transport system: Evidence from proteomic analysis. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:578. [PMID: 38023358 PMCID: PMC10655043 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe inflammatory condition characterized by the activation of pancreatic enzymes within acinar cells, leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-22 is a potential therapeutic agent for AP owing to its anti-inflammatory properties and ability to promote tissue repair. The present study evaluated the differentially expressed proteins in arginine-induced pancreatic acinar cell injury following treatment with IL-22, and the possible mechanisms involved in IL-22-mediated alleviation of AP. AR42J cells were stimulated using L-arginine to establish an acinar cell injury model in vitro and the damaged cells were subsequently treated with IL-22. The characteristics of the model and the potential therapeutic effects of IL-22 were examined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, transmission electron microscopy and ELISA. Differentially expressed proteins in cells induced by arginine and treated with IL-22 were assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identified proteins were further subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis to elucidate their functional roles. The present study demonstrated that arginine-stimulated cells showed significant pathological changes resembling those in AP, which were alleviated after IL-22 treatment. Proteomic analysis then demonstrated that in IL-22-treated cells, proteins related to the formation and fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes were significantly downregulated, whereas endocytosis related proteins were enriched in the upregulated proteins. After IL-22 treatment, western blotting demonstrated reduced expression of autophagy-associated proteins. In conclusion, by inhibiting the formation and fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, IL-22 may have mitigated premature trypsinogen activation, subsequently minimizing acinar cell injury induced by L-arginine. This was accompanied by concurrent upregulation of endocytosis, which serves a pivotal role in sustaining regular cellular material transport and signal propagation. This research underscored the potential of IL-22 in mitigating arginine-induced AR42J injury, which could be valuable in refining treatment strategies for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xinjuan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Gastroenterology Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Xiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Men
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Changqin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shulei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Delaney MA, Pushinsky AD, Cook KA, Fox K. Histologic lesions of giant African millipedes ( Archispirostreptus gigas) from a zoological institution. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:678-688. [PMID: 37401611 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231182605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Histopathologic data of millipedes are scarce. Little is known about health and disease of these invertebrates despite their exhibition at zoological institutions and use in ecotoxicological studies. In a retrospective study of 69 zoo-housed giant African millipedes (Archispirostreptus gigas) submitted between 2018 and 2021, most deaths occurred during midwinter and in 2021. The most common lesion was inflammation (n = 55; 80%). Necrosis was seen concurrently in 31 (45%) millipedes and of these, bacteria (20; 29%) and fungi (7; 10%) were detected in lesions. Inflammation was seen in the head/collum (20; 29%), hemocoel (16; 23%), and appendages (9; 13%), specifically in perivisceral fat body (42; 61%), gut (16; 23%), tracheae (26; 38%), skeletal muscle (24; 35%), and ventral nerve (17; 25%). Inflammatory cell types and patterns included agranular hemocytes (61; 88%), granular hemocytes (39; 57%), and nodulation/encapsulation (47; 68%) often accompanied by melanization. The oral cavity or gut (ingestion), spiracles (inhalation), or cuticular defects were considered plausible routes of bacterial entry. Metazoan parasites (adult nematodes: 2, 3%; trematode ova: 2, 3%; and arthropods: 1, 1%) were associated with gut necrosis and inflammation in 5 millipedes. In addition, adult nematodes were noted in the gut of 4 millipedes without lesions. Neoplasia was not detected in any millipedes. Speculatively, environmental factors may have predisposed to disease, as most deaths occurred during winter months. Disease surveillance of millipedes is critical to optimize husbandry practices in zoo populations and investigate potential impacts of environmental degradation and climate change on wild millipedes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alisha D Pushinsky
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kirstin A Cook
- University of Illinois, Brookfield, IL
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kami Fox
- Fort Wayne Children's Zoo, Fort Wayne, IN
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Błaszczyk F, Sosinka A, Wilczek G, Student S, Rost-Roszkowska M. Effect of gluten on the digestive tract and fat body of Telodeinopus aoutii (Diplopoda). J Morphol 2023; 284:e21546. [PMID: 36533734 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adult specimens or larvae of invertebrates used as food for vertebrates are often maintained close to gluten so they might become vectors for cereal proteins. However, the tissues and internal organs can respond differently in animals with different feeding habits. The midgut epithelium might be a first and sufficient barrier preventing uptake and effects of gluten on the whole body, while the fat body is the main organ that accumulates different xenobiotics. Good models for such research are animals that do not feed on gluten-rich products in their natural environment. The project's goal was to investigate alterations in the midgut epithelium and fat body of the herbivorous millipede Telodeinopus aoutii (Diplopoda) and analyze cell death processes activated by gluten. It enabled us to determine whether changes were intensified or reversed by adaptive mechanisms. Adult specimens were divided into control and experimental animals fed with mushrooms supplemented with gluten and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. Two organs were isolated for the qualitative and quantitative analysis: the midgut and the fat body. Our study of the herbivorous T. aoutii which does not naturally feed on gluten containing diet showed that continuous and prolonged gluten feeding activates repair processes that inhibit the processes of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis) and induce an increase in cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentyna Błaszczyk
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sosinka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.,Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Rost-Roszkowska M, Poprawa I, Chajec Ł, Chachulska-Żymełka A, Wilczek G, Skowronek M, Student S, Leśniewska M. Hazards related to the presence of cadmium in food - Studies on the European soil centipede, Lithobius forficatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157298. [PMID: 35839889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The soil is an environment rich in numerous potentially toxic substances/elements when present at elevated concentrations. They can be transported through the successive levels of the trophic chain. Animals living in a contaminated environment or eating contaminated food can accumulate potentially toxic elements in their bodies. One of the potentially toxic metals is cadmium, which accumulates significantly in soils. The aim of our research was to evaluate the changes caused by cadmium supplied with the food administered to invertebrates living in uncontaminated soil. The results were compared with those obtained for animals raised in contaminated soil, where cadmium entered the body via the epidermis. As the material for studies, we chose a common European soil centipede, Lithobius forficatus. Adult specimens were divided into the following experimental groups: C - control animals, Cd12 and Cd45 - animals fed with Chironomus larvae maintained in water containing 80 mg/l CdCl2, for 12 and 45 days, respectively. The material was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis (transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, atomic absorption spectrometry). Eventually, we can conclude that the digestive system is an effective barrier against the effects of toxic metals on the entire organism, but among the gonads, ovaries are more protected than testes, however, this protection is not sufficient. Accumulation of spherites and mitochondrial alterations are probably involved in survival mechanisms of tissues after Cd intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chajec
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Chachulska-Żymełka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Biotechnology Center, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Leśniewska
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of General Zoology, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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De novo metatranscriptomic exploration of gene function in the millipede holobiont. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16173. [PMID: 36171216 PMCID: PMC9519908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrate-microbial associations are widespread in the biosphere and are often related to the function of novel genes, fitness advantages, and even speciation events. Despite ~ 13,000 species of millipedes identified across the world, millipedes and their gut microbiota are markedly understudied compared to other arthropods. Exploring the contribution of individual host-associated microbes is often challenging as many are uncultivable. In this study, we conducted metatranscriptomic profiling of different body segments of a millipede at the holobiont level. This is the first reported transcriptome assembly of a tropical millipede Telodeinopus aoutii (Demange, 1971), as well as the first study on any Myriapoda holobiont. High-throughput RNA sequencing revealed that Telodeinopus aoutii contained > 90% of the core Arthropoda genes. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Euryarchaeota represented dominant and functionally active phyla in the millipede gut, among which 97% of Bacteroidetes and 98% of Firmicutes were present exclusively in the hindgut. A total of 37,831 predicted protein-coding genes of millipede holobiont belonged to six enzyme classes. Around 35% of these proteins were produced by microbiota in the hindgut and 21% by the host in the midgut. Our results indicated that although major metabolic pathways operate at the holobiont level, the involvement of some host and microbial genes are mutually exclusive and microbes predominantly contribute to essential amino acid biosynthesis, short-chain fatty acid metabolism, and fermentation.
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Facilitating Mitophagy via Pink1/Parkin2 Signaling Is Essential for the Neuroprotective Effect of β-Caryophyllene against CIR-Induced Neuronal Injury. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070868. [PMID: 35884674 PMCID: PMC9313355 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an important mechanism for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through elimination of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural sesquiterpene compound found in the essential oil of plants and has been shown to ameliorate CIR injury. However, whether BCP protects neurons from CIR injury by activating mitophagy is still unclear, and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, a mouse neuron HT-22 cell of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and C57BL/6 male mouse of transient middle artery occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion (MCAO/R) were established the model of CIR injury. Our results show that BCP remarkably protected against cell death and apoptosis induced by OGD/R, and decreased neurologic injury, infarct volume, and the injury of neurons in CA1 region on MCAO/R mice. In addition, BCP accelerated mitophagy by regulating expression of mitochondrial autophagy marker molecules and the mt-Atp6/Rpl13 ratio (reflecting the relative number of mitochondria), and promoting autophagosome formation compared with OGD/R and MCAO/R groups both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, this study revealed that BCP pre-treatment could activate the Pink1/Parkin2 signaling pathway, also with mitophagy activation. To explore the mechanisms, mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) was used to investigate the role of BCP in CIR injury. We found that Mdivi-1 not only decreased BCP-induced facilitation of mitophagy, but also significantly weakened BCP-induced protection against OGD/R and MCAO/R models, which was consistent with levels of Pink1/Parkin2 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that facilitating mitophagy via Pink1/Parkin2 signaling is essential for the neuroprotective effect of BCP against CIR injury.
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Poprawa I, Chajec Ł, Chachulska-Żymełka A, Wilczek G, Student S, Leśniewska M, Rost-Roszkowska M. Ovaries and testes of Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) react differently to the presence of cadmium in the environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6705. [PMID: 35469038 PMCID: PMC9038927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper reproduction depends on properly functioning gonads (ovaries and testes). Many xenobiotics, including heavy metals, can cause changes in somatic and germ line cells, thus damaging the reproductive capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the heavy metal cadmium on the gonads, including germ line and somatic cells. It is important to determine whether cell death processes are triggered in both types of cells in the gonads, and which gonads are more sensitive to the presence of cadmium in the environment. The research was conducted on the soil-dwelling arthropod Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda), which is common for European fauna. Animals were cultured in soil supplemented with Cd for different periods (short- and long-term treatment). Gonads were isolated and prepared for qualitative and quantitative analysis, which enabled us to describe all changes which appeared after both the short- and long-term cadmium treatment. The results of our study showed that cadmium affects the structure and ultrastructure of both gonads in soil-dwelling organisms including the activation of cell death processes. However, the male germ line cells are more sensitive to cadmium than female germ line cells. We also observed that germ line cells are protected by the somatic cells of both gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Poprawa
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Chajec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Chachulska-Żymełka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Leśniewska
- Department of General Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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Can insecticide-free clean water regenerate the midgut epithelium of the freshwater shrimp after dimethoate treatment? Micron 2021; 155:103162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Babczyńska A, Nowak A, Kafel A, Łozowski B, Rost-Roszkowska M, Tarnawska M, Augustyniak M, Sawadro M, Molenda A. Autophagy: a necessary defense against extreme cadmium intoxication in a multigenerational 2D experiment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21141. [PMID: 33273657 PMCID: PMC7712871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a natural process that aims to eliminate malfunctioning cell parts, organelles or molecules under physiological conditions. It is also induced in response to infection, starvation or oxidative stress to provide energy in case of an energy deficit. The aim of this 2-dimensional study was to test if, and if so, how, this process depends on the concentration of cadmium in food (with Cd concentrations from 0 to 352 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)-D1 dimension) and the history of selection pressure (160 vs 20 generations of exposure to Cd-D2 dimension). For the study, the 5th instar larvae of a unique strain of the moth Spodoptera exigua that was selected for cadmium tolerance for 160 generations (44 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)), as well as 20-generation (11, 22 and 44 μg of Cd per g of food (dry weight)) and control strains, were used. Autophagy intensity was measured by means of flow cytometry and compared with life history parameters: survivability and duration of the 3rd larval stage. The highest values of autophagy markers were found in the groups exposed to the highest Cd concentration and corresponded (with a significant correlation coefficient) to an increased development duration or decreased survivorship in the respective groups. In conclusion, autophagy is probably initiated only if any other defense mechanisms, e.g., antioxidative mechanisms, are not efficient. Moreover, in individuals from pre-exposed populations, the intensity of autophagy is lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Babczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Nowak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Kafel
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Łozowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Tarnawska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Sawadro
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Molenda
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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Sonakowska-Czajka L, Śróbka J, Ostróżka A, Rost-Roszkowska M. Postembryonic development and differentiation of the midgut in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda) larvae. J Morphol 2020; 282:48-65. [PMID: 33074574 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neocaridina davidi is a freshwater shrimp that originates from Taiwan and is commonly bred all over the word. Like all decapods, which develop indirectly, this species has pelagic larvae that may differ entirely in their morphology and habits from adult specimens. To fill a gap of knowledge about the developmental biology of freshwater shrimps we decided to document the 3D-localization of the midgut inside the body cavity of larval stages of N. davidi using X-ray microtomography, and to describe all structural and ultrastructural changes of the midgut epithelium (intestine and hepatopancreas) which occur during postembryonic development of N. davidi using light and transmission electron microscopy. We laid emphasis on stem cell functioning and cell death processes connected with differentiation. Our study revealed that while the intestine in both larval stages of N. davidi has the form of a fully developed organ, which resembles that of adult specimens, the hepatopancreas undergoes elongation and differentiation. E-cells, which are midgut stem cells, due to their proliferation and differentiation are responsible for the above-mentioned processes. Our study revealed that apoptosis is a common process in both larval stages of N. davidi in the intestine and proximal region of the hepatopancreas. In zoea III, autophagy as a survival factor is activated in order to protect cells against their death. However, when there are too many autophagic structures in epithelial cells, necrosis as passive cell death is activated. The presence of all types of cell death in the midgut in the zoea III stage confirms that this part of the digestive tract is fully developed and functional. Here, we present the first description of apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis in the digestive system of larval stages of Malacostraca and present the first description of their hepatopancreas elongation and differentiation due to midgut stem cell functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Sonakowska-Czajka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Śróbka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Ostróżka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Katowice, Poland
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Rost-Roszkowska M, Poprawa I, Chajec Ł, Chachulska-Żymełka A, Leśniewska M, Student S. Effects of short- and long-term exposure to cadmium on salivary glands and fat body of soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda): Histology and ultrastructure. Micron 2020; 137:102915. [PMID: 32652474 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is the most widely studied heavy metal in terms of food-chain accumulation and contamination because it can strongly affect all environments (e.g., soil, water, air). It can accumulate in different tissues and organs and can affect the organism at different levels of organization: from organs, tissues and cells though cell organelles and structures to activation of mechanisms of survival and cell death. In soil-dwelling organisms heavy metals gather in all tissues with accumulation properties: midgut, salivary glands, fat body. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of cadmium on the soil species Lithobius forficatus, mainly on two organs responsible for gathering different substances, the fat body and salivary glands, at the ultrastructural level. Changes caused by cadmium short- and long-term intoxication, connected with cell death (autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis), and the crosstalk between them, were analyzed. Adult specimens of L. forficatus were collected in a natural environment and divided into three experimental groups: C (the control group), Cd1 (cultured in soil with 80 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 12 days) and Cd2 (cultured in soil with 80 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 45 days). Transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural alterations in both of the organs analyzed (reduction in the amount of reserve material, the appearance of vacuoles, etc.). Qualitative analysis using TUNEL assay revealed distinct crosstalk between autophagy and necrosis in the fat body adipocytes, while crosstalk between autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in the salivary glands was detected in salivary glands of the centipedes examined here. We conclude that different organs in the body can react differently to the same stressor, as well as to the same concentration and time of exposure. Different mechanisms at the ultrastructural level activate different types of cell death and with different dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chajec
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Chachulska-Żymełka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Leśniewska
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of General Zoology, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Biotechnology Centre, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
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Rost-Roszkowska M, Poprawa I, Chajec Ł, Chachulska-Żymełka A, Wilczek G, Wilczek P, Student S, Skowronek M, Nadgórska-Socha A, Leśniewska M. Influence of soil contaminated with cadmium on cell death in the digestive epithelium of soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1757168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rost-Roszkowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - I. Poprawa
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ł. Chajec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - A. Chachulska-Żymełka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - G. Wilczek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - P. Wilczek
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Heart Prosthesis Institute, Zabrze, Poland
| | - S. Student
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - M. Skowronek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - A. Nadgórska-Socha
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Leśniewska
- Department of General Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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