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Arenas-Báez P, Torres-Hernández G, Castillo-Hernández G, Hernández-Rodríguez M, Sánchez-Gutiérrez RA, Vargas-López S, González-Maldonado J, Domínguez-Martínez PA, Granados-Rivera LD, Maldonado-Jáquez JA. Coat Color in Local Goats: Influence on Environmental Adaptation and Productivity, and Use as a Selection Criterion. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:929. [PMID: 37508360 PMCID: PMC10376610 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to review, systematically synthesize, and analyze fragmented information about the importance of coat color in local goats and its relationship with productivity and other important traits. Topics on current research on color expression are addressed, the relationship that has as a mechanism of environmental adaptation, its relationship with the production of meat, milk, and derivates, and the economic value of this characteristic. The use of this attribute as a tool to establish selection criteria in breeding programs based on results reported in the scientific literature is significant, particularly for low-income production systems, where the implementation of classic genetic improvement schemes is limited due to the lack of productive information, which is distinctive of extensive marginal or low scaled production systems around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Arenas-Báez
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Bermejillo, Durango 35230, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Castillo-Hernández
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | | | - Ricardo Alonso Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Calera, Zacatecas 98500, Mexico
| | | | - Juan González-Maldonado
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21750, Mexico
| | - Pablo Alfredo Domínguez-Martínez
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Valle del Guadiana, Durango 34170, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Genera Terán, General Terán 67400, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alonso Maldonado-Jáquez
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Montecillo, Texcoco 56264, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental La Laguna, Matamoros 27440, Mexico
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Torres-Hernández G, Maldonado-Jáquez JA, Granados-Rivera LD, Salinas-González H, Castillo-Hernández G. Status quo of genetic improvement in local goats: a review. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:207-221. [PMID: 35693297 PMCID: PMC9176210 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-207-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize and synthesize the
fragmented information available on the genetic improvement of local goats
(criollo, indigenous, native) on the American and other continents, where
populations with these goats have an important role in food security and the
economy of rural communities, as well as in conservation of biodiversity and
productivity improvement. Topics such as the current state of goat
production globally, conservation programs, resistance to parasites and
diseases, use of phenotypical characteristics and genomic information, and
molecular markers for genetic improvement are addressed. The main
challenges, opportunities, and limitations described in recent literature
concerning local goats in the immediate future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Alonso Maldonado-Jáquez
- Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Montecillo, 56230 Montecillo, Estado
de México, México
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y
Pecuarias, Centro de Investigación Regional Norte Centro, Campo
Experimental La Laguna, 27440 Matamoros, Coahuila, México
| | - Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y
Pecuarias, Centro de Investigación Regional Noreste, Campo Experimental
General Terán, 67400 General Terán, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - Gabriela Castillo-Hernández
- Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Montecillo, 56230 Montecillo, Estado
de México, México
- Facultad de Estudios
Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54714 Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de
México, México
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Revidatti MA, Gama LT, Martin Burriel I, Cortés Gardyn O, Cappello Villada JS, Carolino MI, Cañón FJ, Ginja C, Sponenberg P, Vicente AP, Zaragoza P, Delgado JV, Martínez A. On the origins of American Criollo pigs: A common genetic background with a lasting Iberian signature. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251879. [PMID: 34014971 PMCID: PMC8136715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
American Criollo pigs are thought to descend mainly from those imported from the Iberian Peninsula starting in the late 15th century. Criollo pigs subsequently expanded throughout the Americas, adapting to very diverse environments, and possibly receiving influences from other origins. With the intensification of agriculture in the mid-20th century, cosmopolitan breeds largely replaced Criollo pigs, and the few remaining are mostly maintained by rural communities in marginal areas where they still play an important socio-economic and cultural role. In this study, we used 24 microsatellite markers in samples from 1715 pigs representing 46 breeds with worldwide distribution, including 17 American Criollo breeds, with the major focus of investigating their genetic diversity, structure and breed relationships. We also included representatives of the Iberian, Local British, Hungarian, Chinese and Commercial breeds, as well as Wild Boar, in order to investigate their possible influence in the genetic composition of Criollos. Our results show that, when compared with the other breeds, Criollo pigs present higher levels of genetic diversity, both in terms of allelic diversity and expected heterozygosity. The various analyses indicate that breed differentiation overall explains nearly 21% of the total genetic diversity. Criollo breeds showed their own identity and shared a common genetic background, tending to cluster together in various analyses, even though they differ from each other. A close relationship of Criollos with Iberian breeds was revealed by all the different analyses, and the contribution of Iberian breeds, particularly of the Celtic breeds, is still present in various Criollo breeds. No influence of Chinese breeds was detected on Criollos, but a few were influenced by Commercial breeds or by wild pigs. Our results confirm the uniqueness of American Criollo pigs and the role that Iberian breeds have played in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia Revidatti
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Luis T. Gama
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research for Animal Health, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inmaculada Martin Burriel
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Oscar Cortés Gardyn
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan Sebastian Cappello Villada
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María Inés Carolino
- Instituto Nacional Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Vale de Santarém, Portugal
| | | | - Catarina Ginja
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Philip Sponenberg
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Antonio P. Vicente
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Vicente Delgado
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Amparo Martínez
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Sacarrão-Birrento L, de Almeida AM. The Portuguese Serrana goat breed: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:114. [PMID: 33433712 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Goats were among the first animals to be domesticated over 10,000 years ago and are part of human societies since the beginning of agriculture. Goats play a major role both in commercial farming systems and in subsistence agriculture systems, particularly in tropical, subtropical and Mediterranean regions where they are crucial for the supply of meat, milk, fibre and dung. This review concerns the Serrana breed, the most important and numerous indigenous goat breed from Portugal that was furthermore exported to other regions of the world, notably South America during the Portuguese colonization. Herein, we describe the origin and history of the breed as well as the productive performance and most common production systems. Finally, we address the local and traditional PDO (protected denomination of origin) and PGI (protected geographical indication) that are produced from these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sacarrão-Birrento
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André M de Almeida
- LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Han YG, Zeng Y, Huang YF, Huang DL, Peng P, Na RS. A nonsynonymous SNP within the AMH gene is associated with litter size in Dazu black goats. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:992-996. [PMID: 33151107 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1842750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AMH, KISS1R and GDF9 genes play a vital role in human and animal reproduction and might be used as the genetic markers for the reproduction traits selection. The aim of this study was to screen the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the AMH, KISS1R and GDF9 genes and to determine the correlations between these SNPs and the litter size in goats. Nine single SNPs within these genes were used for genotyping of the 190 Dazu black goat populations by SNaPshot technique. The polymorphisms of nine SNPs within these genes were detected in Dazu black goats. The significant correlation was observed between one SNP (g.89172108A > C) within the AMH gene and the litter size of second born in Dazu black goats (p < 0.05). The SNP was located in exon 4 (XM_018050765.1) of the AMH gene and was one nonsynonymous substitution, which resulted in a change of an amino acid from Glutamine to Proline (Gln38Pro). These results suggested that the nonsynonymous SNP g.89172108A > C of AMH gene could be used as a potential genetic marker for Marker-assisted selection (MAS) in goats breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Guo Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Fu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Li Huang
- Chongqing Tengda Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Chongqing Tengda Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Ri-Su Na
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Chongqing, China
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Diversity Analysis and Genetic Relationships among Local Brazilian Goat Breeds Using SSR Markers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101842. [PMID: 33050450 PMCID: PMC7600759 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of six groups of native Brazilian goats using a panel of single sequence repeats (SSRs). Results indicated a definite genetic differentiation among the Brazilian goat herd, which indicates the existence of at least four breeds according to the international concepts (Moxotó and Repartida; the Grauna and Serrana Azul; Canindé and Marota breeds). Abstract The genetic diversity of six Brazilian native goats was reported using molecular markers. Hair samples of 332 animals were collected from different goat breeds (Moxotó, Canindé, Serrana Azul, Marota, Repartida, and Graúna) from five states of Northeast Brazil (Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Bahia, and Piauí). A panel of 27 microsatellites or single sequence repeats (SSRs) were selected and amplified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. All populations showed an average allele number of over six. The mean observed heterozygosity for Brazilian breeds was superior to 0.50. These results demonstrated the high genetic diversity in the studied populations with values ranging from 0.53 (Serrana Azul) to 0.62 (Repartida). The expected average heterozygosity followed the same trend ranging from 0.58 (Serrana Azul) to 0.65 (Repartida), and the values obtained are very similar for all six breeds. The fixation index (Fis) had values under 10% except for the Moxotó breed (13%). The mean expected heterozygosity of all Brazilian populations was over 0.50. Results indicated a within-breed genetic variability in the Brazilian breeds based on the average number of alleles and the average observed heterozygosity. The interbreed genetic diversity values showed proper genetic differentiation among local Brazilian goat breeds.
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Aguirre-Riofrio L, Maza-Tandazo T, Quezada-Padilla M, Albito-Balcazar O, Flores-Gonzalez A, Camacho-Enriquez O, Martinez-Martinez A, Consortium B, Delgado-Bermejo JV. Genetic Characterization of the "Chusca Lojana", a Creole Goat Reared in Ecuador, and Its Relationship with Other Goat Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1026. [PMID: 32545665 PMCID: PMC7341184 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The largest population of goats (62%) in Ecuador is in the dry forest region in the south of the country. A Creole goat, named "Chusca Lojana", has adapted to the dry forest region where environmental conditions are warm-dry, with sparse vegetation. Knowledge of the genetic information of the Creole goat is important to determine intra-racial diversity, the degree of genetic distance among other breeds of goats, and the possible substructure of the population, which is valuable for the conservation of such a species' genetic resources. A total of 145 samples of the Creole goat was taken from the four biotypes previously identified. Genetic analyses were performed using 38 microsatellites recommended for studies of goat genetic diversity (FAO-ISAG). The results of within-breed genetic diversity showed a mean number of alleles per locus (MNA) of 8, an effective number of alleles (Ae) of 4.3, an expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.71, an observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.63, polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.67, and an FIS value of 0.11. Between-breed genetic diversity among 43 goat populations (native of Spain, American Creole, Europeans, and Africans) showed the following values: FIS = 0.087, FIT = 0.176, and FST = 0.098. Regarding the analysis of the population structure, the results showed that the Creole Chusca Lojana goat population is homogeneous and no genetic separation was observed between the different biotypes (FST = 0.0073). In conclusion, the Chusca Lojana goat has a high genetic diversity, without exhibiting a genetic substructure. Therefore, it should be considered as a distinct population because crossbreeding with other breeds was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Aguirre-Riofrio
- Agricultural Faculty, Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics School, National University of Loja, Loja 110110, Ecuador; (T.M.-T.); (M.Q.-P.); (O.A.-B.)
| | - Teddy Maza-Tandazo
- Agricultural Faculty, Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics School, National University of Loja, Loja 110110, Ecuador; (T.M.-T.); (M.Q.-P.); (O.A.-B.)
| | - Manuel Quezada-Padilla
- Agricultural Faculty, Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics School, National University of Loja, Loja 110110, Ecuador; (T.M.-T.); (M.Q.-P.); (O.A.-B.)
| | - Oscar Albito-Balcazar
- Agricultural Faculty, Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics School, National University of Loja, Loja 110110, Ecuador; (T.M.-T.); (M.Q.-P.); (O.A.-B.)
| | - Alex Flores-Gonzalez
- Graduation Students in Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National University of Loja, Zapotillo 110901, Ecuador; (A.F.-G); (O.C.-E.)
| | - Osvaldo Camacho-Enriquez
- Graduation Students in Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National University of Loja, Zapotillo 110901, Ecuador; (A.F.-G); (O.C.-E.)
| | | | - BioGoat Consortium
- Latin American Goat Biodiversity Project, Department of Genetics, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain;
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Organization and Management of Conservation Programs and Research in Domestic Animal Genetic Resources. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11120235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Creating national committees for domestic animal genetic resources within genetic resource national commissions is recommended to organize in situ and ex situ conservation initiatives. In situ conservation is a high priority because it retains traditional zootechnical contexts and locations to ensure the long-term survival of breeds. In situ actions can be based on subsidies, technical support, structure creation, or trademark definition. Provisional or permanent relocation of breeds may prevent immediate extinction when catastrophes, epizootics, or social conflicts compromise in situ conservation. Ex situ in vivo (animal preservation in rescue or quarantine centers) and in vitro methods (germplasm, tissues/cells, DNA/genes storage) are also potential options. Alert systems must detect emergencies and summon the national committee to implement appropriate procedures. Ex situ coordinated centers must be prepared to permanently or provisionally receive extremely endangered collections. National germplasm banks must maintain sufficient samples of national breeds (duplicated) in their collections to restore extinct populations at levels that guarantee the survival of biodiversity. A conservation management survey, describing national and international governmental and non-governmental structures, was developed. Conservation research initiatives for international domestic animal genetic resources from consortia centralize the efforts of studies on molecular, genomic or geo-evolutionary breed characterization, breed distinction, and functional gene identification. Several consortia also consider ex situ conservation relying on socioeconomic or cultural aspects. The CONBIAND network (Conservation for the Biodiversity of Local Domestic Animals for Sustainable Rural Development) exemplifies conservation efficiency maximization in a low-funding setting, integrating several Latin American consortia with international cooperation where limited human, material, and economic resources are available.
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Abstract
Breeds of domesticated animals are often overlooked as contributing to biodiversity. Their unique role at the junction of natural and human-influenced environments makes them important potential contributors to biodiversity and ecosystem function. Effective conservation of livestock breeds rests upon valid recognition of breeds as repeatable genomic packages with a reasonably high level of predictability for performance. Local or landrace breeds that lack breeder organization are especially difficult to conserve due to lack of formal recognition as breeds. Achieving success with them involves three major steps: Discover, Secure, and Sustain. Early in the process an evaluation of candidate populations for status as genetic resources is essential. This process is aided by a phenotypic matrix which can be used alongside historical investigations and genetic (DNA) studies. The goal is to include all qualifying animals and to exclude all those that do not qualify. Securing some populations depends on careful rescue protocols for maximizing the recovery of genetic variation, and this can then be followed by breeding protocols that provide for maintaining the population’s production potential along with a healthy and viable genetic structure for long-term survival and use. Sustaining breeds for the long term is also enabled by assuring market demand for the breed and its products.
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