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Sappington EN, Balasubramani A, Rifai HS. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in municipal and industrial effluents. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 133:82-89. [PMID: 25935498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were quantified in 45 effluent samples in the Houston Ship Channel (HSC) system in Texas. Total PCDD/F concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 13.23 pg L(-1) in the dissolved phase and from 0.79 to 682.27 pg L(-1) in the suspended phase. Generally, industrial facilities contained more PCDD/F contamination than municipal wastewater treatment plants or refuse facilities. World Health Organization Toxic Equivalents (WHO-TEQs) ranged from 0.007 to 0.279 pg L(-1) in the dissolved phase and 0.021-1.851 pg L(-1) in the suspended phase. The major TEQ contributor was 2,3,7,8-TCDD and overall, TEQs were greatest in industrial effluents. A correlation between high solids and high PCDD/F concentrations was observed and based on the results obtained in this study, the abundance of suspended solids may have largely contributed to high PCDD/F contamination in the suspended phase. Homolog profiles revealed that PCDD/F contamination increased with increasing chlorination and the highest concentrations were primarily from the octa-chlorinated congeners (OCDD/F) in both the dissolved and suspended phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Sappington
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, N138, Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4003, USA.
| | - Aparna Balasubramani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, N138, Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4003, USA.
| | - Hanadi S Rifai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, N138, Engineering Building 1, Houston, TX 77204-4003, USA.
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3
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Moghimi A. Solid phase extraction of trace amount of Cu(II) using functionalized-graphene. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024413110253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Ademollo N, Patrolecco L, Polesello S, Valsecchi S, Wollgast J, Mariani G, Hanke G. The analytical problem of measuring total concentrations of organic pollutants in whole water. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hough RL, Booth P, Avery LM, Rhind S, Crews C, Bacon J, Campbell CD, Tompkins D. Risk assessment of the use of PAS100 green composts in sheep and cattle production in Scotland. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:117-130. [PMID: 21924890 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A generalized quantitative risk assessment for the use of source-segregated green waste (SSGW) compost use in livestock production is presented. This assessment focussed on potential risks associated with a specific product, PAS100 compost that meets the UK publicly available specification 100 and represents the majority of compost available for use in extensive Scottish livestock systems. A hazard screening approach was used to identify all potentially hazardous agents present in compost. A total of 497 potentially hazardous agents were screened, with 147 finally put forward for quantitative risk assessment. Scenarios modelled in the assessment included surface application of compost to grazing land and also incorporation into soil and subsequent uptake by fodder crops. Risk estimates were compared to those associated with six comparator materials, including various sludges, slurries and farm yard manures. Overall, five potentially hazardous agents (PCB28, PCB138, PCB153, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, Clopyralid) returned a hazard quotient >1 but within margins of uncertainty, indicating that further investigation may be required. Within the limitations of available information, SSGW compost was found to pose less risk to grazing livestock, or the environment, than other commonly-used soil amendments. While this assessment relates to a specific product/standard used in the UK, the methodology could easily be applied to other composts/products/situations. Therefore these results have wider applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert L Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
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Reiner EJ. The analysis of dioxins and related compounds. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:526-559. [PMID: 19672939 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other related compounds requires complex sample preparation and analytical procedures using highly sensitive and selective state-of-the-art instrumentation to meet very stringent data quality objectives. The analytical procedures (extraction, sample preparation), instrumentation (chromatographic separation and detection by mass spectrometry) and screening techniques for the determination of dioxins, furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and related compounds with a focus on new approaches and alternate techniques to standard regulatory methods are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9P 3V6.
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Werres F, Balsaa P, Schmidt TC. Total concentration analysis of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples with high suspended particulate matter content. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:2235-40. [PMID: 19185308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The European water framework directive (WFD) requires priority pollutants to be measured in the whole water sample and not only in the dissolved phase. However, it does not give clear definitions on how to achieve this. To overcome this limitation, a new methodology of sample preparation procedure for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of extraction disks is introduced here. The automatable procedure includes a "one-step" extraction of the analytes both dissolved in the liquid phase of the sample and sorbed to suspended particulate matter. The latter is extracted concurrently with the solid-phase extraction (SPE) material within the elution step of the procedure. Separation, identification, and quantification of the analytes is performed by GC-MS. Results from surface water samples spiked with certified sediment up to 1000 mg/l are presented in this work and compared with results derived from liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Most measured values are within or at least near certified uncertainty limits of the sediment. The SPE disk method shows much higher recoveries and better precision (relative standard deviations between 2% and 11%) than the standard LLE method. For all substances under investigation, the limits of quantification achieved range between 0.001 and 0.005 microg/l.
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Solid Phase Extraction of Copper(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption of its 2-propylpiperidine-1-carbodithioate Complex on Alumina Column. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2008.52.4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moghimi A. Preconcentration of Copper(II) Using Mesoporous Organo-Silicas and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2008.52.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moghimi A, Mossalayi H. Preconcentration and Determination of Copper(II) Using Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disks Modified by 2-Propylpiperidine-1-carbodithioate and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2008.52.2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kueh CSW, Lam JYC. Monitoring of toxic substances in the Hong Kong marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 57:744-757. [PMID: 18358499 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A long-term programme for monitoring toxic substances in the marine environment was established in Hong Kong in 2004, focusing on chemicals of potential ecological and health concern. The programme ran on 3-year cycles, with the first two years monitoring marine water, sediment, biota, and the third year monitoring pollution sources. Twenty-four priority chemicals were measured, including dioxins/furans, dioxin-like PCBs, total PCBs, PAHs, DDTs, HCHs, TBTs, phenol, nonylphenol (NP), NP ethoxylates, PBDEs and metals. Results from the first three years of monitoring indicate that toxic substances in the Hong Kong marine environment were within the range reported for the coastal waters in China and other regions, but generally lower than in the Pearl River Estuary. The levels met the standards for protecting aquatic life and human consumption. Sewage effluent, stormwater and river water were possible sources of phenolic compounds; whereas air deposition or regional pollution, rather than local discharges, may contribute to the dioxins/furans, PAHs and PCBs found in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S W Kueh
- Waste and Water Science Group, Environmental Protection Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, Revenue Tower, 5 Gloucester Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong.
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Shabany M, Haji Shabani AM, Dadfarnia S, Gorji A, Ahmadi SH. Solid phase extraction of zinc with octadecyl silica membrane disks modified by N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylendiamine and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. ECLÉTICA QUÍMICA 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-46702008000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - S. H. Ahmadi
- Chemistry and Chemical Research Center of Iran, IRAN
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Choi JW, Lee JH, Moon BS, Kannan K. Simplification and validation of a large volume polyurethane foam sampler for the analysis of persistent hydrophobic compounds in drinking water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:961-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b801089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li Y, George JE, McCarty CL. Online in situ analysis of selected semi-volatile organic compounds in water by automated microscale solid-phase extraction with large-volume injection/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1176:223-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 10/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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MOGHIMI A. Solid Phase Extraction of Trace Copper(II) Using Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disks Modified withN,N′-Disalicylideneethylenediamine. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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MOGHIMI A. Preconcentration and Determination of Copper(II) Using Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disks Modified by 1,5-Diphenylcarhazide and Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Choi JW, Lee JH, Moon BS, Baek KH. Semi-automated disk-type solid-phase extraction method for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in aqueous samples and its application to natural water. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1157:17-22. [PMID: 17499259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 04/15/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A disk-type solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was used for the extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in natural water and tap water. Since this SPE system comprised airtight glass covers with a decompression pump, it enabled continuous extraction with semi-automation. The disk-type SPE method was validated by comparing its recovery rates of spiked internal standards with those of the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The recovery ranges of both methods were similar in terms of (13)C-labeled internal standards: 64.3-99.2% for the LLE and 52.4-93.6% for the SPE. For the native spike of 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), the recoveries in the SPE were in the normal range of 77.9-101.1%. However, in the LLE, the recoveries of 1,3,6,8-TCDD decreased significantly. One of the reasons for the low recovery is that the solubility of this congener is high. The semi-automated SPE method was applied to the analysis of different types of water: river water, snow, sea water, raw water for drinking purposes, and tap water. PCDD/F congeners were found in some sea water and snow samples, while their concentrations in the other samples were below the limits of detection (LODs). This SPE system is appropriate for the routine analysis of water samples below 50L.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Choi
- Water Analysis & Research Center, K-water, 6-2 San, Yeonchuk-dong, Daeduck-gu, Daejeon 306-711, South Korea.
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Shamsipur M, Yousefi M, Ghasemi Z, Hagiagha-Babaei L, Ganjali MR. SEPARATION AND PRE-CONCENTRATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF CERIUM(III) ON OCTADECYL SILICA MEMBRANE DISCS MODIFIED WITH 1,3,5-TRITHIACYCLOHEXANE AND ITS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION BY ARSENAZO(III). SEP SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/ss-120014441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kim DH, Yang JS, Lee DW, Chung HK. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR EFFECTIVE DETERMINATION OF POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS FROM LEACHATES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100001484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. H. Kim
- a Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul , 120-749 , Korea
| | - J. S. Yang
- a Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul , 120-749 , Korea
| | - D. W. Lee
- b Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul , 120-749 , Korea
| | - H. K. Chung
- c Department of Environmental Engineering , Yonsei University , Maeji, Hungop, Wonju, Kangwondo, 234 , Korea
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Reiner EJ, Clement RE, Okey AB, Marvin CH. Advances in analytical techniques for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxin-like PCBs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:791-806. [PMID: 16794816 PMCID: PMC1764597 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Analytical techniques for the determination of polychorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) and dioxin-like PCBs (DLPCB) are reviewed. The focus of the review is on recent advances in methodology and analytical procedures. The paper also reviews toxicology, the development of toxic equivalent factors (TEF) and the determination of toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) values. Sources, occurrence and temporal trends of PCDD/PCDF are summarized to provide examples of levels and concentration ranges for the methods and techniques reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Kitamura K, Nagao M, Hayatsu H, Morita M. Effect of chlorophyllin-chitosan on excretion of dioxins in a healthy man. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:1084-1091. [PMID: 15773481 DOI: 10.1021/es048577u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the usefulness of chitosan and chlorophyllin-chitosan (chl-chitosan) administration for reduction of the body burden of environmental dioxins, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/ Fs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs), by examining the excretion levels in the feces and sebum of a healthy man. The volunteer ate the same three meals every day during the 40-d experiment, which was composed of five phases (I-V) of 8 d each. In phase I (days 1-8), the volunteer was given only the basal diet. In phases II-V, 0.2 g of chitosan, 0.6 g of chitosan, 0.2 g of chl-chitosan, and 0.6 g of chl-chitosan, respectively, were administered immediately after each meal. We measured daily the amount of dioxins occurring in the feces and sebum during the last 5 d of each phase. The total toxicity equivalency (TEQ) of the dioxin in phases I-V were 27, 26, 38, 36, and 67 pg/d in the feces and 20, 19, 16, 16, and 14 pg/d in the sebum, compared with 74 pg/d in the food. The excretion of dioxins in the feces was significantly increased in phases III, IV, and V, being 140% (p < 0.05), 135% (p < 0.05), and 249% (p < 0.01) of the control level (phase I). Although the dioxin in the sebum was slightly decreased in phase V as compared with the control level, the total amount of excreted dioxin in feces and sebum was increased significantly in phase V, being 174% of the control level, which is almost the same level as that in the food. This indicates that chl-chitosan can prevent accumulation of dioxin, at least at the intake level of normal foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyoshi Kitamura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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Shamsipur M, Avanes A, Sharghi H. Solid Phase Extraction and Pre‐concentration of Sub‐PPB Level of Copper in Aqueous Samples on Octadecyl Silica Membrane Disks Modified with a New Anthraquinone Derivative and Its Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/ss-120027404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kitamura K, Takazawa Y, Hashimoto S, Choi JW, Ito H, Morita M. A method to circumvent the lot number of activated carbon affecting the performance of activated carbon silica gel columns used for cleanup of blood samples for analysis of 29 hazardous organochlorine compounds. Analyst 2005; 130:557-64. [PMID: 15776168 DOI: 10.1039/b414225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described the use of a tandem simplified multilayer silica gel-activated carbon dispersed silica gel (TS-ML-AC) column for the cleanup of blood samples for the analysis of 29 hazardous organochlorine compounds (OCs)--the 17 major polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs) and 4 non-ortho- and 8 mono-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). We noted that the performance of the activated carbon-silica gel (ACS) column (lower column) varied with the lot number of the ACS. In this study, we compared the elution profiles of OCs eluted on 5 ACS columns, each with a different ACS lot number, and found that only mono-ortho-PCBs #114 and #123 were affected by lot number. The problem was that the 50 ml of n-hexane required to elute all the OCs from the simplified multilayer silica gel (MLS) column (upper column) into the AC column (lower column) also eluted varying amounts of PCBs #114 and #123 from the ACS column by ACS lot number. Although we could prevent PCBs #114 and #123 from being eluted from the ACS column by reducing the n-hexane volume to 10 ml, this volume was not sufficient to elute all the OCs from the MLS column. We solved this by separating the two columns; the sample solution was eluted with 50 ml of n-hexane from the MLS column, this eluate was concentrated to about 0.3 ml using a rotary evaporator, and then the concentrated solution was cleaned up on the ACS column. The recovery rates of #114 and #123 from blood samples were above 70% and the relative standard deviations of their concentration were below 10%, irrespective of the lot number, compared with recovery rates of 45-79% for #114 and 59-89% for #123, and relative standard deviations of their concentration above 15% when 50 ml of n-hexane was run through the tandem column. Our modified method affords reliable and reproducible cleanup of blood samples for analysis of 29 OCs, irrespective of the ACS lot number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyoshi Kitamura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
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Liu G, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang X. Application of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as a Solid‐Phase Extraction Sorbent for Chlorobenzenes. ANAL LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/al-200035912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Aguilera A, Brotons M, Rodríguez M, Valverde A. Supercritical fluid extraction of pesticides from a table-ready food composite of plant origin (gazpacho). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:5616-5621. [PMID: 12952410 DOI: 10.1021/jf030233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) has been evaluated for the extraction of 17 organohalogen and organophosphate pesticides in gazpacho (a table-ready food composite containing crude vegetables, white bread, vegetable oil, water, and other minor components) using anhydrous magnesium sulfate as drying agent. The effects of different parameters, such as fat content in gazpacho composites, magnesium sulfate/gazpacho ratio, supercritical fluid volume, pressure, temperature, and static modifier additions, on SFE recoveries from spiked gazpacho samples have been studied. Analyses were performed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame photometric (FPD), electron capture (ECD), and mass spectrometry (MSD) detectors. In most experiments, recoveries obtained for the nonpolar organohalogen pesticides were lower than those obtained for the most polar organophosphate pesticides, but overall pesticide recoveries determined by using the optimal SFE conditions indicate that SFE could be used to determine pesticide residue levels in gazpacho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aguilera
- Pesticide Residue Research Group, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Almería, 04071 Almería, Spain
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Shamsipur M, Javanbakht M, Ghasemi Z, Ganjali MR, Lippolis V, Garau A. Separation, preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of silver ion in aqueous samples using octadecyl silica membrane disks modified with some recently synthesized mixed aza-thioether crowns containing 1,10-phenanthroline sub-unit and atomic absorption spectrometry. Sep Purif Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5866(02)00046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pujadas E, Díaz-Ferrero J, Martí R, Broto-Puig F, Comellas L, Rodríguez-Larena MC. Application of the new C18 speedisks to the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in water and effluent samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2001; 43:449-454. [PMID: 11372825 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A recently introduced disk for solid-phase extraction of pollutants from water (C18 Speedisk) has been tested for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF). The complete procedure of analysis has been validated with spiked deionized water. The accuracy, expressed as recovery for the sum of 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners. is 92% and the precision, expressed as the RSD of reproducibility, is 5.8%. The limit of detection (LOD), using 2 l of water, is 4.2 pg/l (0.6 pg ITEQ/l) for the sum of 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners. Actually, the C18 Speedisks have substituted the use of other C18 membrane disks in our laboratory because they allow the fast and efficient analysis of samples with high content of suspended material and reduce the time of elution of free-particulate samples. These disks have been successfully applied to the analysis of water from different sources and with very different physical and chemical characteristics: seawater, rain water, an industrial effluent, a landfill leachate and the inlet and chlorinated and non-chlorinated outlet water from a wastewater treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pujadas
- Environmental Laboratory, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
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Gawenis JA, Kauffman JF, Jurisson SS. Ion Pairing as a Strategy for Extraction by Modified Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Extraction of Radioactive Metal Ions. Anal Chem 2001; 73:2022-6. [PMID: 11354485 DOI: 10.1021/ac001195w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide was investigated for its potential to extract perrhenate ion pairs. This has implications for radioactive waste processing because Tc-99, the second row congener of Re, is produced in approximately 6% fission yield from nuclear fuel and pertechnetate is its most common chemical form in aqueous environments. The variables examined to maximize extraction of the perrhenate ion pair were temperature, pressure, solvent modification, and ion-pairing agents. The tetrabutyl-ammonium cation was found to form the most efficient ion pair for extracting perrhenate using methanol-modified (approximately 10%) SFCO2 at 70 degrees C and 477 atm, with 0.083 mg of Re/g of SFCO2 extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gawenis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, 65201, USA
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29
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Palma M, Taylor LT, Zoecklein BW, Douglas LS. Supercritical fluid extraction of grape glycosides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:775-779. [PMID: 10725148 DOI: 10.1021/jf990957p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid extraction with methanol-modified CO(2) was used to extract glycosides from grapes. An optimization design involving 12 extraction variables was applied to achieve quantitative recoveries. The most important factor was the amount of organic modifier, a consequence of the high degree of glycoside polarity. By the proposed method, the total time of analysis can be decreased relative to that required for more conventional extractions. The full method can also be automated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Palma
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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30
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Shamsipur M, Ghiasvand AR, Yamini Y. Solid-phase extraction of ultratrace uranium(VI) in natural waters using octadecyl silica membrane disks modified by tri-n-octylphosphine oxide and its spectrophotometric determination with dibenzoylmethane. Anal Chem 1999; 71:4892-5. [PMID: 10565279 DOI: 10.1021/ac981229o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reliable method for rapid extraction and determination of uranium in natural waters using octadecyl-bonded silica membrane disks modified with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and spectrophotometry with dibenzoylmethane is presented. Extraction efficiency and the influence of sample matrix, type, and optimum amount of extractant, flow rates, and type and minimum amount of organic eluent were evaluated. The maximal capacity of the membrane disks modified by 50 mg of TOPO was found to be 4033 micrograms of uranium. The limit of detection of the proposed method is 100 ng/1000 mL. The method was applied to the extraction and determination of uranium in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shamsipur
- Department of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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31
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Haddad PR, Doble P, Macka M. Developments in sample preparation and separation techniques for the determination of inorganic ions by ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 1999; 856:145-77. [PMID: 10526787 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A review is presented of sample preparation and separation techniques for the determination of inorganic ions by ion chromatography (IC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Emphasis has been placed on those sample treatment methods which are specific to inorganic analysis, and the developments in separation methods which are discussed are those which enhance the capabilities of IC and CE to handle complex sample matrices. Topics discussed include solid-phase extraction for sample clean-up and preconcentration, dialytic methods, combustion methods, matrix-elimination IC, electrostatic IC, electrically polarised ion-exchange resins, electromigration sample preparation in CE, chromatographic sample preparation for CE, use of high-ionic strength background electrolytes, buffering of background electrolytes in CE, use of capillary electrochromatography for inorganic determinations, and methods for the manipulation of separation selectivity in both IC and CE. Finally, some possible future trends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Haddad
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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32
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Yamini Y, Alizadeh N, Shamsipur M. Separation of Barium from Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Ions Using Octadecyl Silica Membranes Modified by Dibenzo-18-crown-6. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399708000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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33
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Sample Handling Techniques (Extraction and Clean-up of Samples). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9244(97)80005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- T. L. Chester
- The Procter & Gamble Company, P.O. Box 538707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707
| | - J. D. Pinkston
- The Procter & Gamble Company, P.O. Box 538707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707
| | - D. E. Raynie
- The Procter & Gamble Company, P.O. Box 538707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707
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35
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David MD, Seiber JN. Comparison of Extraction Techniques, Including Supercritical Fluid, High-Pressure Solvent, and Soxhlet, for Organophosphorus Hydraulic Fluids from Soil. Anal Chem 1996; 68:3038-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9601369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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