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Muñoz-Galán H, Alemán C, Pérez-Madrigal MM. Beyond biology: alternative uses of cantilever-based technologies. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1128-1150. [PMID: 36636915 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00873d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Micromechanical cantilever sensors are attracting a lot of attention because of the need for characterizing, detecting, and monitoring chemical and physical properties, as well as compounds at the nanoscale. The fields of application of micro-cantilever sensors span from biological and point-of-care, to military or industrial sectors. The purpose of this work focuses on thermal and mechanical characterization, environmental monitoring, and chemical detection, in order to provide a technical review of the most recent technical advances and applications, as well as the future prospective of micro-cantilever sensor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Muñoz-Galán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang H, Yang S, Zeng J, Li X, Chuai R. A Genosensor Based on the Modification of a Microcantilever: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:427. [PMID: 36838127 PMCID: PMC9959632 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
When the free end of a microcantilever is modified by a genetic probe, this sensor can be used for a wider range of applications, such as for chemical analysis, biological testing, pharmaceutical screening, and environmental monitoring. In this paper, to clarify the preparation and detection process of a microcantilever sensor with genetic probe modification, the core procedures, such as probe immobilization, complementary hybridization, and signal extraction and processing, are combined and compared. Then, to reveal the microcantilever's detection mechanism and analysis, the influencing factors of testing results, the theoretical research, including the deflection principle, the establishment and verification of a detection model, as well as environmental influencing factors are summarized. Next, to demonstrate the application results of the genetic-probe-modified sensors, based on the classification of detection targets, the application status of other substances except nucleic acid, virus, bacteria and cells is not introduced. Finally, by enumerating the application results of a genetic-probe-modified microcantilever combined with a microfluidic chip, the future development direction of this technology is surveyed. It is hoped that this review will contribute to the future design of a genetic-probe-modified microcantilever, with further exploration of the sensitive mechanism, optimization of the design and processing methods, expansion of the application fields, and promotion of practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-024-2549-6401
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Cooper O, Phan HP, Fitzpatrick T, Dinh T, Huang H, Nguyen NT, Tiralongo J. Picomolar detection of carbohydrate-lectin interactions on piezoelectrically printed microcantilever array. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 205:114088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Huber F, Lang HP, Lang D, Wüthrich D, Hinić V, Gerber C, Egli A, Meyer E. Rapid and Ultrasensitive Detection of Mutations and Genes Relevant to Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2000066. [PMID: 33552553 PMCID: PMC7857129 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods to detect antibiotic resistance are critical for antibiotic stewardship and infection control measurements. Here a cantilever nanosensor-based diagnostic assay is shown to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with antibiotic resistance in Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and positive (Enterococcus faecium) bacteria, representing frequent causes for MDR infections. Highly specific RNA capture probes for SNPs (ampRD135G or ampRG154R ) or resistance genes (vanA, vanB, and vanD) allow to detect the binding of bacterial RNA within less than 5 min. Serial dilutions of bacterial RNA indicate an unprecedented sensitivity of 10 fg µL-1 total RNA corresponding to less than ten bacterial cells for SNPs and 1 fg µL-1 total RNA for vanD detection equivalent to single bacterial cell sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Huber
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI)Department of PhysicsUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 82BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
| | - Hans Peter Lang
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI)Department of PhysicsUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 82BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
| | - Daniela Lang
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital BaselApplied Microbiology ResearchDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselPetersgraben 4Basel4031Switzerland
| | - Daniel Wüthrich
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital BaselApplied Microbiology ResearchDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselPetersgraben 4Basel4031Switzerland
| | - Vladimira Hinić
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital BaselApplied Microbiology ResearchDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselPetersgraben 4Basel4031Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gerber
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI)Department of PhysicsUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 82BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, University Hospital BaselApplied Microbiology ResearchDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselPetersgraben 4Basel4031Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute (SNI)Department of PhysicsUniversity of BaselKlingelbergstrasse 82BaselCH‐4056Switzerland
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Cooper O, Phan HP, Wang B, Lowe S, Day CJ, Nguyen NT, Tiralongo J. Functional Microarray Platform with Self-Assembled Monolayers on 3C-Silicon Carbide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13181-13192. [PMID: 33104368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently available bioplatforms such as microarrays and surface plasmon resonators are unable to combine high-throughput multiplexing with label-free detection. As such, emerging microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microplasmonics platforms offer the potential for high-resolution, high-throughput label-free sensing of biological and chemical analytes. Therefore, the search for materials capable of combining multiplexing and label-free quantitation is of great significance. Recently, interest in silicon carbide (SiC) as a suitable material in numerous biomedical applications has increased due to its well-explored chemical inertness, mechanical strength, bio- and hemocompatibility, and the presence of carbon that enables the transfer-free growth of graphene. SiC is also multifunctional as both a wide-band-gap semiconductor and an efficient low-loss plasmonics material and thus is ideal for augmenting current biotransducers in biosensors. Additionally, the cubic variant, 3C-SiC, is an extremely promising material for MEMS, being a suitable platform for the easy micromachining of microcantilevers, and as such capable of realizing the potential of real time miniaturized multiplexed assays. The generation of an appropriately functionalized and versatile organic monolayer suitable for the immobilization of biomolecules is therefore critical to explore label-free, multiplexed quantitation of biological interactions on SiC. Herein, we address the use of various silane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for the covalent functionalization of monocrystalline 3C-SiC films as a novel platform for the generation of functionalized microarray surfaces using high-throughput glycan arrays as the model system. We also demonstrate the ability to robotically print high throughput arrays on free-standing SiC microstructures. The implementation of a SiC-based label-free glycan array will provide a proof of principle that could be extended to the immobilization of other biomolecules in a similar SiC-based array format, thus making potentially significant advances to the way biological interactions are studied.
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Jender M, Novo P, Maehler D, Münchberg U, Janasek D, Freier E. Multiplexed Online Monitoring of Microfluidic Free-Flow Electrophoresis via Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6764-6769. [PMID: 32289220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Free-flow electrophoresis is a tool for the continuous fractionation of electrically charged analytes. In this study, we introduce a novel method to couple microchip-based free-flow electrophoresis with mass spectrometry. The successive connection of multiple microchip outlets to the electrospray ionization source of a mass spectrometer is automated using a multiposition valve. With this novel setup, it is possible to continuously fractionate and collect compounds while simultaneously monitoring the process online with mass spectrometry. The functionality of the method is demonstrated by the successful separation and identification of the biomolecules AMP, ATP, and CoA, which are fundamental for numerous biochemical processes in every organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Jender
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Pedro Novo
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dominic Maehler
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Münchberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk Janasek
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Erik Freier
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Basu AK, Basu A, Bhattacharya S. Micro/Nano fabricated cantilever based biosensor platform: A review and recent progress. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109558. [PMID: 32732024 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent trends in biosensing research have motivated scientists and research professionals to investigate the development of miniaturized bioanalytical devices to make them portable, label-free and smaller in size. The performance of the cantilever-based devices which is one of the very important domains of sensitive field level detection has improved significantly with the development of new micro/nanofabrication technologies and surface functionalization techniques. The cantilevers have scaled down to Nano from micro-level and have become exceptionally sensitive and also have some anomalous associated properties due to the scale. In this review we have discussed about fundamental principles of cantilever operation, detection methods, and previous, present and future approaches of study through cantilever-based sensing platform. Other than that, we have also discussed the past major bio-sensing efforts through micro/nano cantilevers and about recent progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviru Kumar Basu
- Design Programme, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India; Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India; Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372 Singapore
| | - Adreeja Basu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, N.Y 11439, USA
| | - Shantanu Bhattacharya
- Design Programme, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India; Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P. 208016, India.
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Highly sensitive and selective detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms using gold nanoparticle MutS enzymes and a micro cantilever resonator. Talanta 2019; 205:120154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chou WC, Hu WP, Yang YS, Chan HWH, Chen WY. Neutralized chimeric DNA probe for the improvement of GC-rich RNA detection specificity on the nanowire field-effect transistor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11056. [PMID: 31363139 PMCID: PMC6667443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon nanowire (SiNW) field-effect transistors (FETs) is a powerful tool in genetic molecule analysis because of their high sensitivity, short detection time, and label-free detection. In nucleic acid detection, GC-rich nucleic acid sequences form self- and cross-dimers and stem-loop structures, which can easily obtain data containing signals from nonspecific DNA binding. The features of GC-rich nucleic acid sequences cause inaccuracies in nucleic acid detection and hinder the development of precision medicine. To improve the inaccurate detection results, we used phosphate-methylated (neutral) nucleotides to synthesize the neutralized chimeric DNA oligomer probe. The probe fragment originated from a primer for the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3b, and single-mismatched and perfect-matched targets were designed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) detection on the SiNW FET device. Experimental results revealed that the HCV-3b chimeric neutralized DNA (nDNA) probe exhibited better performance for SNP discrimination in 10 mM bis-tris propane buffer at 25 °C than a regular DNA probe. The SNP discrimination of the nDNA probe could be further improved at 40 °C on the FET device. Consequently, the neutralized chimeric DNA probe could successfully distinguish SNP in the detection of GC-rich target sequences under optimal operating conditions on the SiNW FET device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Chou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shyong Yang
- Institute of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hardy Wai-Hong Chan
- Helios Bioelectronics, Inc. 3F., No. 2, Sec. 2, Shengyi Rd., Zhubei City, Hsinchu County, 302, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001, Taiwan.
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Singh S, Maurya PK. Nanomaterials-Based siRNA Delivery: Routes of Administration, Hurdles and Role of Nanocarriers. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121101 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6004-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a potential alternative therapeutic approach to knock down the overexpression of genes in several disorders especially cancers with underlying genetic dysfunctions. For silencing of specific genes involved in cell cycle, small/short interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are being used clinically. The siRNA-based RNAi is more efficient, specific and safe antisense technology than other RNAi approaches. The route of siRNA administration for siRNA therapy depends on the targeted site. However, certain hurdles like poor stability of siRNA, saturation, off-target effect, immunogenicity, anatomical barriers and non-targeted delivery restrict the successful siRNA therapy. Thus, advancement of an effective, secure, and long-term delivery system is prerequisite to the medical utilization of siRNA. Polycationic nanocarriers mediated targeted delivery system is an ideal system to remove these hurdles and to increase the blood retention time and rate of intracellular permeability. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss the different biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic (organic, inorganic and hybrid) nanocarriers that encapsulate and shield the siRNA from the different harsh environment and provides the increased systemic siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Tong WY, Alnakhli M, Bhardwaj R, Apostolou S, Sinha S, Fraser C, Kuchel T, Kuss B, Voelcker NH. Delivery of siRNA in vitro and in vivo using PEI-capped porous silicon nanoparticles to silence MRP1 and inhibit proliferation in glioblastoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:38. [PMID: 29653579 PMCID: PMC5898074 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) overexpression plays a major role in chemoresistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) contributing to its notorious deadly nature. Although MRP1-siRNA transfection to GBM in vitro has been shown to sensitise the cells to drug, MRP1 silencing in vivo and the phenotypic influence on the tumour and normal tissues upon MRP1 down-regulation have not been established. Here, porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) that enable high-capacity loading and delivery of siRNA are applied in vitro and in vivo. RESULT We established pSiNPs with polyethyleneimine (PEI) capping that enables high-capacity loading of siRNA (92 µg of siRNA/mg PEI-pSiNPs), and optimised release profile (70% released between 24 and 48 h). These pSiNPs are biocompatible, and demonstrate cellular uptake and effective knockdown of MRP1 expression in GBM by 30%. Also, siRNA delivery was found to significantly reduce GBM proliferation as an associated effect. This effect is likely mediated by the attenuation of MRP1 transmembrane transport, followed by cell cycle arrest. MRP1 silencing in GBM tumour using MRP1-siRNA loaded pSiNPs was demonstrated in mice (82% reduction at the protein level 48 h post-injection), and it also produced antiproliferative effect in GBM by reducing the population of proliferative cells. These results indicate that in vitro observations are translatable in vivo. No histopathological signs of acute damage were observed in other MRP1-expressing organs despite collateral downregulations. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes the potential of efficient MRP1-siRNA delivery by using PEI-capped pSiNPs in achieving a dual therapeutic role of directly attenuating the growth of GBM while sensitising residual tumour cells to the effects of chemotherapy post-resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yin Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Mohammed Alnakhli
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Richa Bhardwaj
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Sinoula Apostolou
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Sougata Sinha
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Cara Fraser
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Tim Kuchel
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Bryone Kuss
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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Sposito AJ, Kurdekar A, Zhao J, Hewlett I. Application of nanotechnology in biosensors for enhancing pathogen detection. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29528198 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection and identification of pathogenic microorganisms is fundamental to minimizing the spread of infectious disease, and informing clinicians on patient treatment strategies. This need has led to the development of enhanced biosensors that utilize state of the art nanomaterials and nanotechnology, and represent the next generation of diagnostics. A primer on nanoscale biorecognition elements such as, nucleic acids, antibodies, and their synthetic analogs (molecular imprinted polymers), will be presented first. Next the application of various nanotechnologies for biosensor transduction will be discussed, along with the inherent nanoscale phenomenon that leads to their improved performance and capabilities in biosensor systems. A future outlook on characterization and quality assurance, nanotoxicity, and nanomaterial integration into lab-on-a-chip systems will provide the closing thoughts. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Sposito
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Aditya Kurdekar
- Laboratories for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, India
| | - Jiangqin Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Indira Hewlett
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Nano-Integrated Suspended Polymeric Microfluidics (SPMF) Platform for Ultra-Sensitive Bio-Molecular Recognition of Bovine Growth Hormones. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10969. [PMID: 28887532 PMCID: PMC5591301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11300-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of sensitive platforms for the detection of biomolecules recognition is an extremely important problem in clinical diagnostics. In microcantilever (MC) transducers, surface-stress is induced upon bimolecular interaction which is translated into MC deflection. This paper presents a cost-effective and ultra-sensitive MC-based biosensing platform. To address these goals, the need for costly high-resolution read-out system has been eliminated by reducing the cantilever compliance through developing a polymer-based cantilever. Furthermore a microfluidic system has been integrated with the MC in order to enhance sensitivity and response time and to reduce analytes consumption. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are synthesized on the surface of suspended microfluidics as the selective layer for biomolecule immobilization. The biosensing results show significant improvement in the sensitivity of the proposed platform compared with available silicon MC biosensor. A detection limit of 2 ng/ml (100pM) is obtained for the detection of bovine growth hormones. The results validated successful application of suspended polymeric microfluidics (SPMF) as the next generation of biosensing platforms which could enable femtomolar (fM) biomolecular recognition detection.
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Xu X, Zhang N, Brown GM, Thundat TG, Ji HF. Ultrasensitive Detection of Cu2+ Using a Microcantilever Sensor Modified with L-Cysteine Self-Assembled Monolayer. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:555-565. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Haag AL, Schumacher Z, Grutter P. Sensitivity measurement of a cantilever-based surface stress sensor. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:154704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Huber F, Lang HP, Glatz K, Rimoldi D, Meyer E, Gerber C. Fast Diagnostics of BRAF Mutations in Biopsies from Malignant Melanoma. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5373-5377. [PMID: 27490749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
According to the American skin cancer foundation, there are more new cases of skin cancer than the combined incidence of cancers of the breast, prostate, lung, and colon each year, and malignant melanoma represents its deadliest form. About 50% of all cases are characterized by a particular mutation BRAF(V600E) in the BRAF (Rapid Acceleration of Fibrosarcoma gene B) gene. Recently developed highly specific drugs are able to fight BRAF(V600E) mutated tumors but require diagnostic tools for fast and reliable mutation detection to warrant treatment efficiency. We completed a preliminary clinical trial applying cantilever array sensors to demonstrate identification of a BRAF(V600E) single-point mutation using total RNA obtained from biopsies of metastatic melanoma of diverse sources (surgical material either frozen or fixated with formalin and embedded in paraffin). The method is faster than the standard Sanger or pyrosequencing methods and comparably sensitive as next-generation sequencing. Processing time from biopsy to diagnosis is below 1 day and does not require PCR amplification, sequencing, and labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Huber
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Department of Physics, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Peter Lang
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Department of Physics, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Glatz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel , CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Donata Rimoldi
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne , CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Department of Physics, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gerber
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, Department of Physics, University of Basel , CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Mechanical oscillations enhance gene delivery into suspended cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22824. [PMID: 26956215 PMCID: PMC4783776 DOI: 10.1038/srep22824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Suspended cells are difficult to be transfected by common biochemical methods which require cell attachment to a substrate. Mechanical oscillations of suspended cells at certain frequencies are found to result in significant increase in membrane permeability and potency for delivery of nano-particles and genetic materials into the cells. Nanomaterials including siRNAs are found to penetrate into suspended cells after subjecting to short-time mechanical oscillations, which would otherwise not affect the viability of the cells. Theoretical analysis indicates significant deformation of the actin-filament network in the cytoskeleton cortex during mechanical oscillations at the experimental frequency, which is likely to rupture the soft phospholipid bilayer leading to increased membrane permeability. The results here indicate a new method for enhancing cell transfection.
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19
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Liao W, Li W, Zhang T, Kirberger M, Liu J, Wang P, Chen W, Wang Y. Powering up the molecular therapy of RNA interference by novel nanoparticles. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1051-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00204h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With more suitable for disease treatment due to reduced cellular toxicity, higher loading capacity, and better biocompatibility, nanoparticle-based siRNA delivery systems have proved to be more potent, higher specific and less toxic than the traditional drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Department of Food Science and Technology
| | | | - Tiantian Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon
- Canada
| | - Pei Wang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
- North Carolina 28081
- USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
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20
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Zhang J, Fu R, Xie L, Li Q, Zhou W, Wang R, Ye J, Wang D, Xue N, Lin X, Lu Y, Huang G. A smart device for label-free and real-time detection of gene point mutations based on the high dark phase contrast of vapor condensation. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3891-3896. [PMID: 26266399 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00488h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A smart device for label-free and real-time detection of gene point mutation-related diseases was developed based on the high dark phase contrast of vapor condensation. The main components of the device included a Peltier cooler and a mini PC board for image processing. Heat from the hot side of the Peltier cooler causes the fluid in a copper chamber to evaporate, and the vapor condenses on the surface of a microarray chip placed on the cold side of the cooler. The high dark phase contrast of vapor condensation relative to the analytes on the microarray chip was explored. Combined with rolling circle amplification, the device visualizes less-to-more hydrophilic transitions caused by gene trapping and DNA amplification. A lung cancer gene point mutation was analysed, proving the high selectivity and multiplex analysis capability of this low-cost device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China. tshgl@ tsinghua.edu.cn
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21
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Strachan BC, Sloane HS, Lee JC, Leslie DC, Landers JP. Investigation of the DNA target design parameters for effective hybridization-induced aggregation of particles for the sequence-specific detection of DNA. Analyst 2015; 140:2008-15. [PMID: 25673152 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02101k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In a recent publication, we presented a label-free method for the detection of specific DNA sequences through the hybridization-induced aggregation (HIA) of a pair of oligonucleotide-adducted magnetic particles. Here we show, through the use of modified hardware, that we are able to simultaneously analyze multiple (4) samples, and detect a 26-mer ssDNA sequence at femtomolar concentrations in minutes. As such, this work represents an improvement in throughput and a 100-fold improvement in sensitivity, compared to that reported previously. Here, we also investigate the design parameters of the target sequence, in an effort to maximize the sensitivity of HIA and to use as a guide in future applications of this work. Modifications were made to the original 26-mer oligonucleotide sequence to evaluate the effects of: (1) non-complementary flanking bases, (2) target sequence length, and (3) single base mismatches on aggregation response. The aggregation response decreased as the number of the non-complementary flanking bases increased, with only a five base addition lowering the LOD by four orders of magnitude. Low sensitivity was observed with short sequences of 6 and 10 complementary bases, which were only detectable at micromolar concentrations. Target sequences with 20, 26 or 32 complementary bases provided the greatest sensitivity and were detectable at femtomolar concentrations. Additionally, HIA could effectively differentiate sequences that were fully complementary from those containing 1, 2 or 3 single base mismatches at micromolar concentrations. The robustness of the HIA system to other buffer components was explored with nine potential assay interferents that could affect hybridization (aggregation) or falsely induce aggregation. Of these, purified BSA and lysed whole blood induced a false aggregation. None of the interferents inhibited aggregation when the hybridizing target was added. Having delineated the fundamental parameters affecting HIA-target hybridization, and demonstrating that HIA had the selectivity to detect single base mismatches, this fluor-free end-point detection has the potential to become a powerful tool for microfluidic DNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony C Strachan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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22
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De Simoni G, Signore G, Agostini M, Beltram F, Piazza V. A surface-acoustic-wave-based cantilever bio-sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:570-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Domínguez CM, Kosaka PM, Sotillo A, Mingorance J, Tamayo J, Calleja M. Label-Free DNA-Based Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance through Hydration Induced Stress in Microcantilevers. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1494-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Domínguez
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Priscila M. Kosaka
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Sotillo
- Servicio
de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana,
261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Mingorance
- Servicio
de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana,
261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Tamayo
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Calleja
- IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres
Cantos, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Ferrier DC, Shaver MP, Hands PJW. Micro- and nano-structure based oligonucleotide sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:798-810. [PMID: 25655465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of micro- and nano-structure based oligonucleotide detection and quantification techniques. The characteristics of such devices make them very attractive for Point-of-Care or On-Site-Testing biosensing applications. Their small scale means that they can be robust and portable, their compatibility with modern CMOS electronics means that they can easily be incorporated into hand-held devices and their suitability for mass production means that, out of the different approaches to oligonucleotide detection, they are the most suitable for commercialisation. This review discusses the advantages of micro- and nano-structure based sensors and covers the various oligonucleotide detection techniques that have been developed to date. These include: Bulk Acoustic Wave and Surface Acoustic Wave devices, micro- and nano-cantilever sensors, gene Field Effect Transistors, and nanowire and nanopore based sensors. Oligonucleotide immobilisation techniques are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Ferrier
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Michael P Shaver
- School of Chemistry, David Brewster Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Philip J W Hands
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK.
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25
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Lee D, Hwang KS, Kim S, Thundat T. Rapid discrimination of DNA strands using an opto-calorimetric microcantilever sensor. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:4659-4664. [PMID: 25300415 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc01000k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid technique for quantitative detection and discrimination of DNA strands without using immobilized probe molecules is demonstrated using an opto-calorimetric, self-powered sensor based on a Pb(Zr(0.52)Ti(0.48))O3 (PZT) microcantilever. Microcalorimetric infrared (IR) spectroscopy provides excellent chemical selectivity based on the unique molecular vibrational characteristics of each nucleotide in the mid IR region. The piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of the PZT microcantilever were exploited in the quantitative detection and discrimination of adsorbed DNA strands with their spectral characteristics. We report the unique spectral characteristics of different DNA nucleotides that are monitored by wavelength-dependent temperature variations for different relative molar ratio of each nucleotide. This approach offers a fast, label-free technique which is highly sensitive and selective for the detection of single nucleotide differences in DNA strands and has the potential to be used as a rapid prescreening biosensor for various biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkyu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
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26
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Sun BO, Fang Y, Li Z, Chen Z, Xiang J. Advances in the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors. Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 3:274-280. [PMID: 25798253 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has broad application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Integrating chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine, nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary research field. Nanoscale imaging technology significantly improves the precision and accuracy of tumor diagnosis. Nanocarriers are able to significantly improve the accuracy of dose and targeted drug delivery and reduce the toxic side effects. This review focuses on the emerging roles of these innovative technologies in gastrointestinal cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Although several problems and barriers are hampering the development of nanodevices, the potential for nanotechnologies to function as multimodal nanotheranostic agents will likely pave the way for the fight against gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yantian Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zongyou Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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27
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Mishra R, Hegner M. Effect of non-specific species competition from total RNA on the static mode hybridization response of nanomechanical assays of oligonucleotides. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:225501. [PMID: 24807191 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/22/225501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate here the nanomechanical response of microcantilever sensors in real-time for detecting a range of ultra-low concentrations of oligonucleotides in a complex background of total cellular RNA extracts from cell lines without labeling or amplification. Cantilever sensor arrays were functionalized with probe single stranded DNA (ssDNA) and reference ssDNA to obtain a differential signal. They were then exposed to complementary target ssDNA strands that were spiked in a fragmented total cellular RNA background in biologically relevant concentrations so as to provide clinically significant analysis. We present a model for prediction of the sensor behavior in competitive backgrounds with parameters that are indicators of the change in nanomechanical response with variation in the target and background concentration. For nanomechanical assays to compete with current technologies it is essential to comprehend such responses with eventual impact on areas like understanding non-coding RNA pharmacokinetics, nucleic acid biomarker assays and miRNA quantification for disease monitoring and diagnosis to mention a few. Additionally, we also achieved a femtomolar sensitivity limit for online oligonucleotide detection in a non-competitive environment with these sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Mishra
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, School of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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28
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Topkaya SN, Kosova B, Ozsoz M. Detection of Janus Kinase 2 gene single point mutation in real samples with electrochemical DNA biosensor. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 429:134-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Vigneault F, Guérin SL. Regulation of gene expression: probing DNA–protein interactionsin vivoandin vitro. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 2:705-18. [PMID: 16209650 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2.5.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been put together over the last several years to complete the entire sequencing of the human genome. As we enter the proteomic era, when the major aim is understanding which gene encodes which protein, the time has also come to identify their precise function inside the astonishing signaling network required to accomplish all cellular functions. Understanding when, why and how a gene is expressed has now become a necessity toward identifying all the regulatory pathways that mediate cellular processes such as differentiation, migration, replication, DNA repair and apoptosis. Regulation of gene transcription is a process that is primarily under the influence of nuclear-located transcription factors. Consequently, identifying which protein activates or represses a specific gene is a prerequisite for understanding cell fate and function. The current state of, and recent advances in, transcriptional regulation approaches are reviewed here, with special emphasis on new technologies required when probing for DNA-protein interactions. This review explores different strategies aimed at identifying both the regulatory sequences of any given gene and the trans-acting regulatory factors that recognize these elements as their target sites in the nucleus. Ongoing developments in the fields of nanotechnology, RNA silencing and protein modeling toward the investigation of DNA-protein interactions and their relevance in the battle against cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Vigneault
- Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Oncologique, Centre de recherche du CHUL (CHUQ), Sainte-Foy, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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30
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Ji HF, Yang X, Zhang J, Thundat T. Molecular recognition of biowarfare agents using micromechanical sensors. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 4:859-66. [PMID: 15525227 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.4.6.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent terrorist events have demonstrated that an urgent and widespread need exists for the development of novel sensors for threat detection, especially biowarfare agents. The advent of inexpensive, mass-produced microcantilever sensors promises to bring about a revolution in detection of terrorist threats. Extremely sensitive and highly selective sensors can be developed for using a microcantilever platform. Microcantilevers undergo bending when molecules are adsorbed on a single side. For biowarfare agent detection, specificity is achieved by immobilizing antibodies on one side of the cantilever. Antigen adsorption decreases surface energy and stress, resulting in cantilever deflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Feng Ji
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA.
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31
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Ghosh S, Mishra S, Mukhopadhyay R. Enhancing sensitivity in a piezoresistive cantilever-based label-free DNA detection assay using ssPNA sensor probes. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:960-970. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Bioinformatics and Nanotechnologies: Nanomedicine. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF BIO-/NEUROINFORMATICS 2014. [PMCID: PMC7124100 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30574-0_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter we focus on the bioinformatics strategies for translating genome-wide expression analyses into clinically useful cancer markers
with a specific focus on breast cancer
with a perspective on new diagnostic device tools coming from the field of nanobiotechnology and the challenges related to high-throughput data integration, analysis, and assessment from multiple sources. Great progress in the development of molecular biology techniques has been seen since the discovery of the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the implementation of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. This started a new era of research on the structure of nucleic acids molecules, the development of new analytical tools, and DNA-based analyses that allowed the sequencing of the human genome, the completion of which has led to intensified efforts toward comprehensive analysis of mammalian cell struc ture and metabolism in order to better understand the mechanisms that regulate normal cell behavior and identify the gene alterations responsible for a broad spectrum of human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and others.
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33
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Huang YJ, Huang CW, Lin TH, Lin CT, Chen LG, Hsiao PY, Wu BR, Hsueh HT, Kuo BJ, Tsai HH, Liao HH, Juang YZ, Wang CK, Lu SS. A CMOS cantilever-based label-free DNA SoC with improved sensitivity for hepatitis B virus detection. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2013; 7:820-831. [PMID: 24473546 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2013.2247761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a highly-integrated DNA detection SoC, where several kinds of cantilever DNA sensors, a readout circuit, an MCU, voltage regulators, and a wireless transceiver, are integrated monolithically in a 0.35 μm CMOS Bio-MEMS process. The cantilever-based biosensors with embedded piezoresistors aim to transduce DNA hybridization into resistance variation without cumbersome labeling process. To improve detection sensitivity for low DNA concentration use, an oscillator-based self-calibrated readout circuit with high precision is proposed to convert small resistance variation ( of original resistance) of the sensor into adequate frequency variation and further into digital data. Moreover, its wireless capacity enables isolation of the sample solution from electrical wire lines and facilitates data transmission. To demonstrate the effectiveness of full system, it is applied to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. The experimental results show that it has the capability to distinguish between one base-pair (1-bp) mismatch DNAs and match DNAs and achieves a limit of detection (LOD) of less than 1 pM.
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34
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Recent Advances in DNA Microarray Technology: an Overview on Production Strategies and Detection Methods. BIONANOSCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-013-0111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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35
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Sang S, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Li P, Hu J, Li G. Surface stress-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 51:124-35. [PMID: 23948243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface stress-based biosensors, as one kind of label-free biosensors, have attracted lots of attention in the process of information gathering and measurement for the biological, chemical and medical application with the development of technology and society. This kind of biosensors offers many advantages such as short response time (less than milliseconds) and a typical sensitivity at nanogram, picoliter, femtojoule and attomolar level. Furthermore, it simplifies sample preparation and testing procedures. In this work, progress made towards the use of surface stress-based biosensors for achieving better performance is critically reviewed, including our recent achievement, the optimally circular membrane-based biosensors and biosensor array. The further scientific and technological challenges in this field are also summarized. Critical remark and future steps towards the ultimate surface stress-based biosensors are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Sang
- MicroNano System Research Center, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
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36
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Label-free detection of single-stranded DNA binding protein based on a cantilever array. Talanta 2013; 109:173-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Hou H, Bai X, Xing C, Gu N, Zhang B, Tang J. Aptamer-based cantilever array sensors for oxytetracycline detection. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2010-4. [PMID: 23350586 DOI: 10.1021/ac3037574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a new method for specific detection of oxytetracycline (OTC) at nanomolar concentrations based on a microfabricated cantilever array. The sensing cantilevers in the array are functionalized with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of OTC-specific aptamer, which acts as a recognition molecule for OTC. While the reference cantilevers in the array are functionalized with 6-mercapto-1-hexanol SAMs to eliminate the influence of environmental disturbances. The cantilever sensor shows a good linear relationship between the deflection amplitude and the OTC concentration in the range of 1.0-100 nM. The detection limit of the cantilever array sensor is as low as 0.2 nM, which is comparable to some traditional methods. Other antibiotics such as doxycycline and tetracycline do not cause significant deflection of the cantilevers. It is demonstrated that the cantilever array sensors can be used as a powerful tool to detect drugs with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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38
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Chen Y, Xu P, Li X. Axial-Stressed Piezoresistive Nanobeam for Ultrahigh Chemomechanical Sensitivity to Molecular Adsorption. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8184-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301388k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- State Key
Lab of Transducer Technology, and Science
and Technology on Microsystem Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Pengcheng Xu
- State Key
Lab of Transducer Technology, and Science
and Technology on Microsystem Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key
Lab of Transducer Technology, and Science
and Technology on Microsystem Lab, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem
and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
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39
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Atomic force microscopy as a tool applied to nano/biosensors. SENSORS 2012; 12:8278-300. [PMID: 22969400 PMCID: PMC3436029 DOI: 10.3390/s120608278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review article discusses and documents the basic concepts and principles of nano/biosensors. More specifically, we comment on the use of Chemical Force Microscopy (CFM) to study various aspects of architectural and chemical design details of specific molecules and polymers and its influence on the control of chemical interactions between the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) tip and the sample. This technique is based on the fabrication of nanomechanical cantilever sensors (NCS) and microcantilever-based biosensors (MC-B), which can provide, depending on the application, rapid, sensitive, simple and low-cost in situ detection. Besides, it can provide high repeatability and reproducibility. Here, we review the applications of CFM through some application examples which should function as methodological questions to understand and transform this tool into a reliable source of data. This section is followed by a description of the theoretical principle and usage of the functionalized NCS and MC-B technique in several fields, such as agriculture, biotechnology and immunoassay. Finally, we hope this review will help the reader to appreciate how important the tools CFM, NCS and MC-B are for characterization and understanding of systems on the atomic scale.
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40
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ZHANG HY, PAN HQ, ZHANG BL, TANG JL. Microcantilever Sensors for Chemical and Biological Applications in Liquid. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(11)60549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Kalle W, Strappe P. Atomic force microscopy on chromosomes, chromatin and DNA: a review. Micron 2012; 43:1224-31. [PMID: 22633852 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to discuss the achievements and progress that has been made in the use of atomic force microscopy in DNA related research in the last 25 years. For this review DNA related research is split up in chromosomal-, chromatin- and DNA focused research to achieve a logical flow from large- to smaller structures. The focus of this review is not only on the AFM as imaging tool but also on the AFM as measuring tool using force spectroscopy, as therein lays its greatest advantage and future. The amazing technological and experimental progress that has been made during the last 25 years is too extensive to fully cover in this review but some key developments and experiments have been described to give an overview of the evolution of AFM use from 'imaging tool' to 'measurement tool' on chromosomes, chromatin and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Kalle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia.
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Cotrone S, Cafagna D, Cometa S, De Giglio E, Magliulo M, Torsi L, Sabbatini L. Microcantilevers and organic transistors: two promising classes of label-free biosensing devices which can be integrated in electronic circuits. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:1799-811. [PMID: 22189629 PMCID: PMC7079887 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most of the success of electronic devices fabricated to actively interact with a biological environment relies on the proper choice of materials and efficient engineering of surfaces and interfaces. Organic materials have proved to be among the best candidates for this aim owing to many properties, such as the synthesis tunability, processing, softness and self-assembling ability, which allow them to form surfaces that are compatible with biological tissues. This review reports some research results obtained in the development of devices which exploit organic materials' properties in order to detect biologically significant molecules as well as to trigger/capture signals from the biological environment. Among the many investigated sensing devices, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and microcantilevers (MCLs) have been chosen. The main factors motivating this choice are their label-free detection approach, which is particularly important when addressing complex biological processes, as well as the possibility to integrate them in an electronic circuit. Particular attention is paid to the design and realization of biocompatible surfaces which can be employed in the recognition of pertinent molecules as well as to the research of new materials, both natural and inspired by nature, as a first approach to environmentally friendly electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Damiana Cafagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cometa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Pisa University, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Magliulo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Mader A, Gruber K, Castelli R, Hermann BA, Seeberger PH, Rädler JO, Leisner M. Discrimination of Escherichia coli strains using glycan cantilever array sensors. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:420-423. [PMID: 22136522 DOI: 10.1021/nl203736u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based sensors, that specifically detect sugar binding molecules or cells, are increasingly important in medical diagnostic and drug screening. Here we demonstrate that cantilever arrays functionalized with different mannosides allow the real-time detection of several Escherichia coli strains in solution. Cantilever deflection is thereby dependent on the bacterial strain studied and the glycan used as the sensing molecule. The cantilevers exhibit specific and reproducible deflection with a sensitivity range over four orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mader
- Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Fakultät für Physik, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
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Kang K, Sachan A, Nilsen-Hamilton M, Shrotriya P. Aptamer functionalized microcantilever sensors for cocaine detection. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:14696-14702. [PMID: 21875108 DOI: 10.1021/la202067y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A cocaine-specific aptamer was used as a receptor molecule in a microcantilever-based surface stress sensor for detection of cocaine molecules. An interferometric technique that relies on measuring differential displacement between two microcantilevers (a sensing/reference pair) was utilized to measure the cocaine/aptamer binding induced surface stress changes. Sensing experiments were performed for different concentrations of cocaine from 25 to 500 μM in order to determine the sensor response as a function of cocaine concentration. In the lower concentration range from 25 to 100 μM, surface stress values increased proportionally to coverage of aptamer/cocaine complexes from 11 to 26 mN/m. However, as the cocaine concentration was increased beyond 100 μM, the surface stress values demonstrated a weaker dependence on the affinity complex surface coverage. On the basis of a sensitivity of 3 mN/m for the surface stress measurement, the lowest detectable threshold for the cocaine concentration is estimated to be 5 μM. Sensing cantilevers could be regenerated and reused because of reversible thermal denaturation of aptamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Ramachandran S, Teran Arce F, Lal R. Potential role of atomic force microscopy in systems biology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 3:702-16. [PMID: 21766465 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology is a quantitative approach for understanding a biological system at its global level through systematic perturbation and integrated analysis of all its components. Simultaneous acquisition of information data sets pertaining to the system components (e.g., genome, proteome) is essential to implement this approach. There are limitations to such an approach in measuring gene expression levels and accounting for all proteins in the system. The success of genomic studies is critically dependent on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for its amplification, but PCR is very uneven in amplifying the samples, ineffective in scarce samples and unreliable in low copy number transcripts. On the other hand, lack of amplifying techniques for proteins critically limits their identification to only a small fraction of high concentration proteins. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), AFM cantilever sensors, and AFM force spectroscopy in particular, could address these issues directly. In this article, we reviewed and assessed their potential role in systems biology.
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Tsouti V, Boutopoulos C, Zergioti I, Chatzandroulis S. Capacitive microsystems for biological sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 27:1-11. [PMID: 21752630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The growing interest in personalized medicine leads to the need for fast, cheap and portable devices that reveal the genetic profile easily and accurately. To this direction, several ideas to avoid the classical methods of diagnosis and treatment through miniaturized and label-free systems have emerged. Capacitive biosensors address these requirements and thus have the perspective to be used in advanced diagnostic devices that promise early detection of potential fatal conditions. The operation principles, as well as the design and fabrication of several capacitive microsystems for the detection of biomolecular interactions are presented in this review. These systems are micro-membranes based on surface stress changes, interdigitated micro-electrodes and electrode-solution interfaces. Their applications extend to DNA hybridization, protein-ligand binding, antigen-antibody binding, etc. Finally, the limitations and prospects of capacitive microsystems in biological applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tsouti
- Institute of Microelectronics, NCSR Demokritos, Terma Patriarchou Grigoriou, Agia Paraskevi 15310, Greece.
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Kelling S, Huang J, Capener MJ, Elliott SR. Breath analysis system based on phase-shifting interferometric microscopy readout of microcantilever arrays. J Breath Res 2011; 5:037106. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/5/3/037106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gruber K, Horlacher T, Castelli R, Mader A, Seeberger PH, Hermann BA. Cantilever array sensors detect specific carbohydrate-protein interactions with picomolar sensitivity. ACS NANO 2011; 5:3670-3678. [PMID: 21388220 DOI: 10.1021/nn103626q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate sequencing technologies have revealed the tremendous complexity of the glycome. This complexity reflects the structural and chemical diversity of carbohydrates and is greater than that of proteins and oligonucleotides. The next step in understanding the biological function of carbohydrates requires the identification and quantification of carbohydrate interactions with other biomolecules, in particular, with proteins. To this end, we have developed a cantilever array biosensor with a self-assembling carbohydrate-based sensing layer that selectively and sensitively detects carbohydrate-protein binding interactions. Specifically, we examined binding of mannosides and the protein cyanovirin-N, which binds and blocks the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Cyanovirin-N binding to immobilized oligomannosides on the cantilever resulted in mechanical surface stress that is transduced into a mechanical force and cantilever bending. The degree and duration of cantilever deflection correlates with the interaction's strength, and comparative binding experiments reveal molecular binding preferences. This study establishes that carbohydrate-based cantilever biosensors are a robust, label-free, and scalable means to analyze carbohydrate-protein interactions and to detect picomolar concentrations of carbohydrate-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gruber
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Walther-Meissner-Strasse 8, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Zheng S, Choi JH, Lee SM, Hwang KS, Kim SK, Kim TS. Analysis of DNA hybridization regarding the conformation of molecular layer with piezoelectric microcantilevers. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:63-69. [PMID: 21060947 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)-embedded microcantilevers were fabricated with dimensions of 30 × 90 × 3 μm(3) (width × length × thickness). A thicker PZT layer improved the actuation and enabled long-term data acquisition in common aqueous buffers with a frequency resolution of 20 Hz. A quantitative assay was conducted in the range of 1-20 μM and the resonant frequency was found to increase with the concentration of target DNAs and the probe DNAs were almost saturated at 20 μM. Back-filling with ethyleneglycol-modified alkanethiol was shown to facilitate the hybridization efficiency and stabilize the surface reaction, resulting in a signal enhancement of 40%. We report for the first time how secondary structures in oligonucleotide monolayer change the surface property of a dynamic mode microcantilever and subsequently affect its oscillating behavior. Using fabricated microcantilevers, the real time changes in resonant frequency upon hybridization were measured by utilizing different probe and target sets. The results revealed that the microcantilevers experienced a resonant frequency upshift during the hybridization with complementary DNAs if a dimer structure was present between DNA probes. A resonant frequency downshift was observed for DNA probes that did not contain any complex secondary structures. In addition, the results demonstrate the potential of using these microcantilevers to extract structural information of oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zheng
- Nano-Bio Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, 130-650, Republic of Korea
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Gorelkin PV, Kiselev GA, Mukhin DS, Kim TS, Kim SK, Lee SM, Yaminskii IV. Use of biospecific reactions for the design of high-sensitivity biosensors based on nanomechanical cantilever systems. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x10100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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