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Dai C, Mao Z, Xu Y, Jia J, Tang H, Zhao Y, Zhou Y. Bis-tridentate Iridium(III) Complex with the N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand as a Novel Efficient Electrochemiluminescence Emitter for the Sandwich Immunoassay of the HHV-6A Virus. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7311-7320. [PMID: 38656817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus type 6A (HHV-6A) can cause a series of immune and neurological diseases, and the establishment of a sensitive biosensor for the rapid detection of HHV-6A is of great significance for public health and safety. Herein, a bis-tridentate iridium complex (BisLT-Ir-NHC) comprising the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand as a novel kind of efficient ECL luminophore has been unprecedently reported. Based on its excellent ECL properties, a new sensitive ECL-based sandwich immunosensor to detect the HHV-6A virus was successfully constructed by encapsulating BisLT-Ir-NHC into silica nanoparticles and embellishing ECL sensing interface with MXene@Au-CS. Notably, the immunosensor illustrated in this work not only had a wide linear range of 102 to 107 cps/μL but also showed outstanding recoveries (98.33-105.11%) in real human serum with an RSD of 0.85-3.56%. Undoubtedly, these results demonstrated the significant potential of the bis-tridentate iridium(III) complex containing an NHC ligand in developing ECL-based sensitive analytical methods for virus detection and exploring novel kinds of efficient iridium-based ECL luminophores in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenji Dai
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Ziwang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Junli Jia
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Huamin Tang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yibo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
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Li C, Mackenzie CFR, Said SA, Pal AK, Haghighatbin MA, Babaei A, Sessolo M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Kamer PCJ, Bolink HJ, Hogan CF, Zysman-Colman E. Wide-Bite-Angle Diphosphine Ligands in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Copper(I) Complexes: Impact on the Performance of Electroluminescence Applications. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10323-10339. [PMID: 34197094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of seven cationic heteroleptic copper(I) complexes of the form [Cu(P^P)(dmphen)]BF4, where dmphen is 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and P^P is a diphosphine chelate, in which the effect of the bite angle of the diphosphine ligand on the photophysical properties of the complexes was studied. Several of the complexes exhibit moderately high photoluminescence quantum yields in the solid state, with ΦPL of up to 35%, and in solution, with ΦPL of up to 98%. We were able to correlate the powder photoluminescence quantum yields with the % Vbur of the P^P ligand. The most emissive complexes were used to fabricate both organic light-emitting diodes and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), both of which showed moderate performance. Compared to the benchmark copper(I)-based LECs, [Cu(dnbp)(DPEPhos)]+ (maximum external quantum efficiency, EQEmax = 16%), complex 3 (EQEmax = 1.85%) showed a much longer device lifetime (t1/2 = 1.25 h and >16.5 h for [Cu(dnbp)(DPEPhos)]+ and complex 3, respectively). The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties of several complexes were also studied, which, to the best of our knowledge, constitutes the first ECL study for heteroleptic copper(I) complexes. Notably, complexes exhibiting more reversible electrochemistry were associated with higher annihilation ECL as well as better performance in a LEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Li
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Campbell F R Mackenzie
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Said A Said
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Amlan K Pal
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti Campus, Nagrota Bypass Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 181221, India
| | - Mohammad A Haghighatbin
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Azin Babaei
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Michele Sessolo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - David B Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Paul C J Kamer
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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3
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Heiderscheit TS, Gallagher MJ, Baiyasi R, Collins SSE, Hosseini Jebeli SA, Scarabelli L, Al-Zubeidi A, Flatebo C, Chang WS, Landes CF, Link S. Nanoelectrode-emitter spectral overlap amplifies surface enhanced electrogenerated chemiluminescence. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144712. [PMID: 31615232 DOI: 10.1063/1.5118669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a promising technique for low concentration molecular detection. To improve the detection limit, plasmonic nanoparticles have been proposed as signal boosting antennas to amplify ECL. Previous ensemble studies have hinted that spectral overlap between the nanoparticle antenna and the ECL emitter may play a role in signal enhancement. Ensemble spectroscopy, however, cannot resolve heterogeneities arising from colloidal nanoparticle size and shape distributions, leading to an incomplete picture of the impact of spectral overlap. Here, we isolate the effect of nanoparticle-emitter spectral overlap for a model ECL system, coreaction of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(ii) hexahydrate and tripropylamine, at the single-particle level while minimizing other factors influencing ECL intensities. We found a 10-fold enhancement of ECL among 952 gold nanoparticles. This signal enhancement is attributed exclusively to spectral overlap between the nanoparticle and the emitter. Our study provides new mechanistic insight into plasmonic enhancement of ECL, creating opportunities for low concentration ECL sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Heiderscheit
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Miranda J Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Rashad Baiyasi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Sean S E Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Seyyed Ali Hosseini Jebeli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Leonardo Scarabelli
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Alexander Al-Zubeidi
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Charlotte Flatebo
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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4
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Functionalized acupuncture needle as a SERS-active platform for rapid and sensitive determination of adenosine triphosphate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5669-5679. [PMID: 31250068 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of sensitive and rapid methods for analysis and detection of small molecules is highly desirable for medical diagnostics and therapeutics. We report an acupuncture needle functionalized with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and a macrocyclic amine (MA) Raman tag as the platform to realize the sensitive detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The assembled Au NPs with abundant hot spots on the surface of the needle avoids the aggregation of Au NPs and results in a good signal response. Moreover, there is strong combination between ATP and MA through electrostatic adsorption, hydrogen-bonding interactions, and π-π stacking, and as a consequence, this functionalized needle can be used as a SERS platform for detection of ATP (25 nM) through a decrease of the Raman signal of MA resulting from the high chemical affinity of ATP for MA. Specially, the Au NP/MA-functionalized needle is conveniently used to monitor ATP (100 nM) added to serum, and demonstrates great promise in the study and detection of ATP in a complex sample, laying the foundation for SERS applications in complex acupuncture specimens with fast response and simple operation. Graphical abstract.
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Li P, Ge M, Yang L, Liu J. Metal coordination-functionalized Au–Ag bimetal SERS nanoprobe for sensitive detection of glutathione. Analyst 2019; 144:421-425. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neocuproine-Cu functionalized Au–Ag nanoparticles as nanoprobe for detection of glutathione based on the SERS spectra changing from Neocuproine-CuII to Neocuproine-CuI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Anhui
- China
| | - Meihong Ge
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Anhui
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Liangbao Yang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Anhui
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jinhuai Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Machines
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Anhui
- China
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6
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Kim KR, Kim HJ, Hong JI. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Chemodosimeter Based on a Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex for Sensitive Detection of Thiophenol. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1353-1359. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Rok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Hong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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7
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Chan KC, Cheng SC, Lo LTL, Yiu SM, Ko CC. Luminescent Charge-Neutral Copper(I) Phenanthroline Complexes with Isocyanoborate Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Cheung Chan
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Larry Tso-Lun Lo
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
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8
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Zhou Y, Kong L, Xie K, Liu C. Heteroleptic iridium(III) complex with N -heterocyclic carbene ligand: Synthesis, photophysics, theoretical calculations and electrochemiluminescence. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Zhou Y, Xie K, Leng R, Kong L, Liu C, Zhang Q, Wang X. Highly efficient electrochemiluminescence labels comprising iridium(iii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:355-363. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient iridium ECL labels exhibiting various emission colors have been developed. Importantly, BSA labeled with the novel iridium labels displays much more intense ECL than the same amount labeled by a traditional ruthenium label in ProCell buffer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Kai Xie
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Ruimei Leng
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Lingyan Kong
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Chengbao Liu
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
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10
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Zhou Y, Gao H, Wang X, Qi H. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Heteroleptic Iridium(III) Complexes with Multicolor Emission. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1446-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502444k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhou
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials, School of Chemistry,
Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P. R. China
| | - Hongfang Gao
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials, School of Chemistry,
Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P. R. China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P. R. China
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11
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Zhou Y, Li W, Yu L, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhou M. Highly efficient electrochemiluminescence from iridium(iii) complexes with 2-phenylquinoline ligand. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1858-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bis-(methylated 2-phenylquinoline) iridium(iii) complexes demonstrated the strongest ECL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Wanfei Li
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Linpo Yu
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials
- School of Chemistry
- Biology and Material Engineering
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
| | - Ming Zhou
- Division of Nanobiomedicine
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
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12
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Photophysics, electrochemistry and electrochemiluminescence of water-soluble biscyclometalated iridium (III) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Analytical applications of the electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) coupled to capillary/microchip electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 704:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Abstract
AbstractThe reaction of metals and glassy carbon with benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (BDFB) in aprotic solvents has been studied. During contact of Pt, Au, Ag, Pd, or V with glassy carbon in concentrated diazonium salt solution no change of color was observed. For Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, In, Mg, Li, Na, or Zn the process was accompanied by a rapid solution color change, rapid N2 release and the loss of metal sample mass. The copper metal ionization-dissolution was studied by ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy, along with gravimetric and volumetric measurements. A dissolution mechanism was proposed based on kinetic, infrared, and X-ray diffraction data. The 432 nm absorption band appearing after Cu-BDFB reaction indicates formation of the mixed complex [Cu(N2C6H5·(N≡C-CH3)3]+ where the copper atom is covalently bonded to the azophenyl radical and coordinated to acetonitrile (ACN). This complex is thermodynamically unstable and decomposes slowly to a colorless crystalline and a black amorphous phase. The crystalline phase was identified as [Cu(NC-CH3)4]BF4. The amorphous phase is a mixture of products formed by azophenyl and phenyl radical condensation.
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16
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Zhou M, Robertson GP, Roovers J. Comparative Study of Ruthenium(II) Tris(bipyridine) Derivatives for Electrochemiluminescence Application. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:8317-25. [PMID: 16270970 DOI: 10.1021/ic0510112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and its derivatives) complexes were synthesized and compared electrochemically and spectroscopically in the search for better luminophores for electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based analytical applications. ECL measurement in [Ru(bpy)3]2+/tripropylamine (TPA) aqueous buffer solutions has led to a conclusion that due to the complexity of the ECL generation process, the photoluminescence efficiency cannot be used to predict ECL intensity and there is no obvious relationship between the photoluminescence quantum yield and the ECL intensity. Under the present experimental condition, when compared with the pristine [Ru(bpy)3]2+, the ethoxycarbonyl-substituted derivative, [Ru(bpy-COOEt)3]2+, one of the most efficient luminophores under photoexcitation, did not generate reasonably intense ECL, whereas luminophores with lower photoluminescence quantum yields demonstrated higher ECL. These findings are useful for further efforts in the search for more efficient ECL luminophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Institute for Microstructural Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Richter
- Department of Chemistry, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65804-0089, USA.
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18
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Muegge BD, Richter MM. Multicolored Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Ortho-Metalated Iridium(III) Systems. Anal Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ac035038j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Muegge
- Department of Chemistry, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65804-0089
| | - Mark M. Richter
- Department of Chemistry, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65804-0089
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Muegge BD, Brooks S, Richter MM. Electrochemiluminescence of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid)aluminum(III) in aqueous solution. Anal Chem 2003; 75:1102-5. [PMID: 12641229 DOI: 10.1021/ac026152p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid)aluminum(III) in aqueous solution is reported. ECL is generated by complexing aluminum ions with the chelating agent 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (HQS) to form Al(HQS)3, followed by oxidation in the presence of tri-n-propylamine (TPrA). The ECL intensity peaks a potential corresponding to oxidation of both TPrA and Al(HQS)3, and the ECL emission spectrum (lambda(max) = 499 nm) matches the photoluminescence emission spectrum, indicating that the emission is from a Al(HQS)3* excited state. ECL efficiencies (phi(ecl), photons generated per redox event) of 0.002 using Ru(bpy)3(2+) (phi(ecl) = 1) as relative standard. Conditions for ECL emission were optimized and used to generate a calibration curve that was linear over the 7 x 10(-6)-4 x 10(-4) M (5-281 mg/L (ppm)) range with a theoretical limit of detection of 1 ppm. The ECL of several metal ions other than aluminum with HQS and effects on Al(HQS)3 ECL were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Muegge
- Department of Chemistry, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri 65804-0089, USA
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