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Zhang L, Zhang S, Floer C, Kantubuktha SAR, Velasco MJGR, Friend J. Surface Acoustic Wave-Driven Enhancement of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays: ELISAW. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38813952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are widely used in biology and clinical diagnosis. Relying on antigen-antibody interaction through diffusion, the standard ELISA protocol can be time-consuming, preventing its use in rapid diagnostics. We present a time-saving and more sensitive ELISA without changing the standard setup and protocol, using surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to enhance performance. Each step of the assay, from the initial antibody binding onto the walls of the well plate to the target analyte molecules' binding for detection─except, notably, for the blocking step─is improved principally via acoustic streaming-driven advection. Using SAWs, the time required for one step of an example ELISA is reduced from 60 to 15 min to achieve the same binding amount. By extending the duration of SAW exposure to 20 min, the sensitivity can be significantly improved over the 60 min, 35 °C ELISA without SAWs. It is also possible to confer beneficial improvements to bead-based ELISA by combining it with SAWs to further reduce the time required for binding to 2 min. By significantly increasing the speed of ELISA, its utility may be improved for a wide range of point-of-care diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Cécile Floer
- Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Université de Lorraine, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Lamour, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sreeya Anjana Raj Kantubuktha
- Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - María José González Ruiz Velasco
- Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - James Friend
- Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, and the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0411, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Feng T, Yang J, Tu S, Yang T, Wu T, Zhu W, Le Y, Liu L. Design, Synthesis, and Cellular Imaging Application of a Fluorescent Probe Based on Fluoride Ion-Induced Cyclization of Phenothiazine Derivatives. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03526-3. [PMID: 38047988 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is both necessary and potentially harmful in excessive amounts, making its detection crucial. Fluorescent probes provide a sensitive and selective means for this purpose. In this study, we developed and synthesized a fluorescent probe for LDT using phenothiazine derivatives and aryl vinyl nitrile. Initially non-fluorescent, the probe undergoes a Si-O bond breakage in the presence of fluoride ions, resulting in the formation of a larger conjugated system and subsequent fluorescence emission. The probe exhibits superior selectivity and sensitivity towards fluoride ions, with a detection limit of 0.35 µM. Moreover, cellular imaging experiments demonstrated the probe's effectiveness in recognizing fluoride ions within HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jiaxue Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - San Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ting Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yi Le
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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