1
|
Wang M, Zhang W, Yang L, Li Y, Zheng H, Dou H. Flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multidetector: A robust approach for the separation and characterization of resistant starch. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101267. [PMID: 38468634 PMCID: PMC10926298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of resistant starch (RS) have made it applicable in the formulation of a broad range of functional foods. The physicochemical properties of RS play a crucial role in its applications. Recently, flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) has attracted increasing interest in the separation and characterization of different categories of RS. In this review, an overview of the theory behind FlFFF is introduced, and the controllable factors, including FlFFF channel design, sample separation conditions, and the choice of detector, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the applications of FlFFF for the separation and characterization of RS at both the granule and molecule levels are critically reviewed. The aim of this review is to equip readers with a fundamental understanding of the theoretical principle of FlFFF and to highlight the potential for expanding the application of RS through the valuable insights gained from FlFFF coupled with multidetector analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yueqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hailiang Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Haiyang Dou
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim YB, Kim J, Williams PS, Moon MH. Comparison of a thickness-tapered channel in flow field-flow fractionation with a conventional channel with flow rate programming. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1724:464927. [PMID: 38677152 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The thickness-tapered channel structure in flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF), recently introduced by constructing a channel with a linear decrease in thickness along its length, demonstrated effectiveness in steric/hyperlayer separation of supramicron particles with improvements in separation speed, elution recovery, and an expanded dynamic size range of separation. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the performance between the impact of field (or crossflow rate) programming or outflow rate programming for the separation of polystyrene latex standards (50 ∼ 800 nm) with a conventional channel having uniform thickness and a thickness-tapered channel without programming. Outlet flow rate and crossflow rate conditions were also varied. Although the particle size resolution of the tapered channel does not surpass that of field programming in uniform thickness channel, it achieves higher-speed separation without a significant loss of resolution and without the need for a complex flow controller system even at a low outflow rate condition. Furthermore, it yielded an improved resolution for particles close to the steric transition regime (400 ∼ 600 nm) in the normal mode of separation. Due to the continuous increase in mean flow velocity down the channel, the tapered channel exhibits flexibility in separating submicron-sized particles at high crossflow rate conditions or low outflow rate conditions, of which the latter can be advantageous when coupled with mass spectrometry in a miniaturized setup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Beom Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jaihoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - P Stephen Williams
- Cambrian Technologies Inc, 1772 Saratoga Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Analysis and purification of ssRNA and dsRNA molecules using asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
4
|
Ojeda D, Sánchez P, Bolea E, Laborda F, Castillo JR. How the use of a short channel can improve the separation efficiency of nanoparticles in asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461759. [PMID: 33278672 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of a commercially available short length channel (14 cm length) is proposed to improve the efficiency associated to the separation by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation of particles in the nanometer range respect to a standard channel (27 cm length). The effect of channel length on elution times, separation efficiency and resolution have been studied. Polystyrene particles between 50 and 500 nm in size have been used to compare the behavior of both channels. Theoretical aspects based on the different contributions on particle diffusion inside the channel during the separation process have been considered to justify the results obtained. Non-equilibrium diffusion contribution to the efficiency has shown to be the most relevant aspect to be controlled during the separation. The increment of the field strength applied through the cross-flow velocityallows the reduction of diffusion while keep elution times constant. The use of the same cross-flow in a channel with a smaller area is the key factor that justifies the better efficiencies observed along the whole size range studied (improvements that reach factors up to 4.7 in experimental efficiency respect to the standard channel were achieved). The separation of polystyrene particles of 100 and 200 nm was achieved with a resolution of 1.20, whereas a 0.66 value was obtained with the standard channel at the same elution times. Channel recoveries have been also compared under optimized conditions to ensure that no side effects are produced, including the separation of mixtures of TiO2 nanoparticles. Similar or even better values were obtained with the short length channel, with recoveries higher than 85% for all the polystyrene particles tested and 75% recovery for the TiO2 nanoparticle mixture, which justifies its use for the separation of nanoparticles, providing better resolutions without compromise elution times or recoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ojeda
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Sánchez
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Bolea
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Francisco Laborda
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan R Castillo
- Group of Analytical Spectroscopy and Sensors (GEAS), Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparison of Miniaturized and Conventional Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) Channels for Nanoparticle Separations. SEPARATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/separations4010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
6
|
Frit inlet field-flow fractionation techniques for the characterization of polyion complex self-assemblies. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1481:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
7
|
Müller D, Cattaneo S, Meier F, Welz R, de Mello AJ. Nanoparticle separation with a miniaturized asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation cartridge. Front Chem 2015; 3:45. [PMID: 26258119 PMCID: PMC4510429 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4) is a separation technique applicable to particles over a wide size range. Despite the many advantages of AF4, its adoption in routine particle analysis is somewhat limited by the large footprint of currently available separation cartridges, extended analysis times and significant solvent consumption. To address these issues, we describe the fabrication and characterization of miniaturized AF4 cartridges. Key features of the down-scaled platform include simplified cartridge and reagent handling, reduced analysis costs and higher throughput capacities. The separation performance of the miniaturized cartridge is assessed using certified gold and silver nanoparticle standards. Analysis of gold nanoparticle populations indicates shorter analysis times and increased sensitivity compared to conventional AF4 separation schemes. Moreover, nanoparticulate titanium dioxide populations exhibiting broad size distributions are analyzed in a rapid and efficient manner. Finally, the repeatability and reproducibility of the miniaturized platform are investigated with respect to analysis time and separation efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Müller
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique Landquart, Switzerland ; Department for Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Cattaneo
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique Landquart, Switzerland
| | | | - Roland Welz
- Postnova Analytics GmbH Landsberg am Lech, Germany
| | - Andrew J de Mello
- Department for Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ashby J, Schachermeyer S, Duan Y, Jimenez LA, Zhong W. Probing and quantifying DNA–protein interactions with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1358:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
Janča J, Sobota J. Trends in Polymer and Particle Characterization by Microfluidic Field-Flow Fractionation Methods: Science or Business? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2014.897788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Schachermeyer S, Ashby J, Zhong W. Aptamer–protein binding detected by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1295:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
11
|
Shendruk TN, Tahvildari R, Catafard NM, Andrzejewski L, Gigault C, Todd A, Gagne-Dumais L, Slater GW, Godin M. Field-flow fractionation and hydrodynamic chromatography on a microfluidic chip. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5981-8. [PMID: 23650976 DOI: 10.1021/ac400802g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We present gravitational field-flow fractionation and hydrodynamic chromatography of colloids eluting through 18 μm microchannels. Using video microscopy and mesoscopic simulations, we investigate the average retention ratio of colloids with both a large specific weight and neutral buoyancy. We consider the entire range of colloid sizes, including particles that barely fit in the microchannel and nanoscopic particles. Ideal theory predicts four operational modes, from hydrodynamic chromatography to Faxén-mode field-flow fractionation. We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of the Faxén-mode field-flow fractionation and the transition from hydrodynamic chromatography to normal-mode field-flow fractionation. Furthermore, video microscopy and simulations show that the retention ratios are largely reduced above the steric-inversion point, causing the variation of the retention ratio in the steric- and Faxén-mode regimes to be suppressed due to increased drag. We demonstrate that theory can accurately predict retention ratios if hydrodynamic interactions with the microchannel walls (wall drag) are added to the ideal theory. Rather than limiting the applicability, these effects allow the microfluidic channel size to be tuned to ensure high selectivity. Our findings indicate that particle velocimetry methods must account for the wall-induced lag when determining flow rates in highly confining systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler N Shendruk
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, MacDonald Hall, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sant HJ, Gale BK. Characterization of a microscale thermal–electrical field-flow fractionation system. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1225:174-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Yohannes G, Jussila M, Hartonen K, Riekkola ML. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation technique for separation and characterization of biopolymers and bioparticles. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4104-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
14
|
Moon MH. Flow field-flow fractionation and multiangle light scattering for ultrahigh molecular weight sodium hyaluronate characterization. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3519-29. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
An overview on field-flow fractionation techniques and their applications in the separation and characterization of polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Field-flow fractionation in bioanalysis: A review of recent trends. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 635:132-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Kim KH, Moon MH. Development of a Multilane Channel System for Nongel-Based Two-Dimensional Protein Separations Using Isoelectric Focusing and Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1715-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac802357s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Flow field-flow fractionation: A pre-analytical method for proteomics. J Proteomics 2008; 71:265-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
19
|
Kang D, Oh S, Ahn SM, Lee BH, Moon MH. Proteomic analysis of exosomes from human neural stem cells by flow field-flow fractionation and nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:3475-80. [PMID: 18570454 DOI: 10.1021/pr800225z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, small membrane vesicles secreted by a multitude of cell types, are involved in a wide range of physiological roles such as intercellular communication, membrane exchange between cells, and degradation as an alternative to lysosomes. Because of the small size of exosomes (30-100 nm) and the limitations of common separation procedures including ultracentrifugation and flow cytometry, size-based fractionation of exosomes has been challenging. In this study, we used flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) to fractionate exosomes according to differences in hydrodynamic diameter. The exosome fractions collected from FlFFF runs were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to morphologically confirm their identification as exosomes. Exosomal lysates of each fraction were digested and analyzed using nanoflow LC-ESI-MS-MS for protein identification. FIFFF, coupled with mass spectrometry, allows nanoscale size-based fractionation of exosomes and is more applicable to primary cells and stem cells since it requires much less starting material than conventional gel-based separation, in-gel digestion and the MS-MS method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dukjin Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kang D, Oh S, Reschiglian P, Moon MH. Separation of mitochondria by flow field-flow fractionation for proteomic analysis. Analyst 2008; 133:505-15. [DOI: 10.1039/b716851a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Oh S, Kang D, Ahn SM, Simpson RJ, Lee BH, Moon MH. Miniaturized asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation: Application to biological vesicles. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:1082-7. [PMID: 17566344 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AFlFFF) has been carried out in a miniaturized channel by reducing the channel dimensions. Performance of the miniaturized AFlFFF (mAFlFFF) channel was evaluated with standard proteins and polystyrene latex spheres from nanometer to micrometer size. By reducing the channel dimension, proteins or particulate materials can be separated within a few minutes without a significant loss in resolution. The mAFlFFF channel was applied for the separation of exosomes harvested from immortalized human mesenchymal stem cell line. It shows a potential to fractionate exosome vesicles according to sizes which can be useful for proteomic studies in relation to immunotherapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bang DY, Shin DY, Lee S, Moon MH. Characterization of functionalized styrene–butadiene rubber by flow field-flow fractionation/light scattering in organic solvent. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1147:200-5. [PMID: 17343864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) using an organic solvent as mobile phase has been effectively utilized for the separation and characterization of functionalized styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) that are polymerized and followed by coupling reaction in solution. Separation of broad molecular weight SBR was accomplished by an asymmetrical FlFFF channel in THF under field programming and the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the SBR sample was determined by on-line measurement of light scattering. In this study, FlFFF has been utilized to characterize high-MW functionalized SBR from the low-MW non-functionalized molecules which were used for coupling reaction to produce high-MW functionalized SBRs, and to determine the coupling number of the functionalized SBRs depending on the type of the coupling reagents. The resulting MWD of the SBR samples prepared by the different coupling reagents (SnCl(4) and a polydimethylsiloxane compound) were compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee H, Cho IH, Moon MH. Effect of dissolution temperature on the structures of sodium hyaluronate by flow field-flow fractionation/multiangle light scattering. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1131:185-91. [PMID: 16899247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2006] [Revised: 07/15/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecular weight distribution (MWD) and structural deformation of ultrahigh molecular weight (MW) sodium hylaluronate (10(5)-10(8) g/mol) were studied under different sample dissolution temperature conditions, using on-line flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) and multiangle light scattering (MALS). Sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) materials from sarcoma fluid have been studied by dissolving them in water at three different temperature conditions (5 degrees C, 50 degrees C, and 90 degrees C). Frit inlet asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (FI-AFlFFF), with field programming, was utilized for the separation of NaHA by MW, and on-line observation of light scattering of fractionated NaHA by MALS was performed in order to determine the MWD and molecular conformation. In these experiments, NaHA molecules exhibited an extended structure from a formerly rather compact geometry when the dissolving temperature was raised to 90 degrees C. This study also showed a clear difference in the MWD of NaHA when a preliminary filtration process was applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yohannes G, Sneck M, Varjo SJO, Jussila M, Wiedmer SK, Kovanen PT, Oörni K, Riekkola ML. Miniaturization of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and application to studies on lipoprotein aggregation and fusion. Anal Biochem 2006; 354:255-65. [PMID: 16750506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF), a technique that provides direct measurement of particle size and diffusion coefficient, is converted into miniaturized scale. In comparison with conventional AsFlFFF, the separation of proteins in miniaturized AsFlFFF is achieved within shorter time periods, with smaller sample amounts, and with lower mobile phase consumption. Minimization of the overloading and optimization of the separation efficiency are prerequisites to good results. Miniaturized AsFlFFF is applied to the measurement of particle sizes of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). The average hydrodynamic diameters at pH 7.4 in 8.5mM phosphate buffer containing 1mM EDTA and 150 mM NaCl are 8.6+/-0.5, 11.2+/-0.2, 22.1+/-0.7, and 48.9+/-7.5 nm for subgroups HDL3, HDL2, LDL, and VLDL, respectively. In addition, the effect of different factors on the aggregation and fusion of LDL particles is studied. LDL particle sizes are unaffected by the addition of up to 300 mM NaCl and by an increase of the carrier solution pH from 3.2 to 7.4, but treatment of LDL with alpha-chymotrypsin, sphingomyelinase, or copper sulfate leads to the formation of aggregated and fused LDL particles.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chymotrypsin
- Copper Sulfate
- Fractionation, Field Flow/instrumentation
- Fractionation, Field Flow/methods
- Humans
- Lipoproteins/chemistry
- Lipoproteins/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins, HDL/chemistry
- Lipoproteins, HDL/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins, HDL2
- Lipoproteins, HDL3
- Lipoproteins, LDL/chemistry
- Lipoproteins, LDL/isolation & purification
- Lipoproteins, VLDL/chemistry
- Lipoproteins, VLDL/isolation & purification
- Miniaturization/instrumentation
- Miniaturization/methods
- Multiprotein Complexes
- Osmolar Concentration
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Particle Size
- Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gebrenegus Yohannes
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sant HJ, Gale BK. Geometric scaling effects on instrumental plate height in field flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1104:282-90. [PMID: 16368105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Revised: 11/24/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines geometric scaling models for field flow fractionation systems to understand how channel dimensions affect resolution and retention. Specifically, the changing contribution of the instrumental plate height during miniaturization of field flow fractionation (FFF) systems is reported. The work is directed towards determining the optimal geometrical parameters for miniaturization of field flow fractionation systems. The experimental relationship between channel height in FFF systems and instrumental plate heights is reported. FFF scaling models are modified to: (i) better clarify the dependence of plate height and resolution on channel height in FFF and (ii) include a more complete geometrical scaling analysis and model comparison in the low retention regime. Electrical field flow fractionation has been shown to benefit from miniaturization, so this paper focuses on that subtype, but surprisingly, the results also indicate the possibility of improvement in performance with miniaturization of other field flow fractionation systems including general FFF subtypes in which the applied field does not vary with channel height. This paper also discusses the potential role of more powerful microscale field flow fractionation systems as a new class of sample preparation units for micro-total-analysis systems (mu-TAS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu J Sant
- Utah State Center for Biomedical Microfluidics, Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 50 S. Central Campus Drive, Rm#2480, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee H, Kim H, Moon MH. Field programming in frit inlet asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation/multiangle light scattering: Application to sodium hyaluronate. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1089:203-10. [PMID: 16130788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The capability of field-programmed separation in frit inlet asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (FI-AFlFFF) has been examined for separating a high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) by varying the field programming parameters. Experiments were performed with on-line coupling of the field programming FI-AFlFFF and multiangle light scattering (MALS) detection. Sample relaxation, a pre-requisite step to establish equilibrium states of sample materials prior to the beginning of separation in most forms of FFF techniques, is obtained by hydrodynamically in FI-AFlFFF without stopping the migration flow. Thus, the procedures of sample injection -- hydrodynamic relaxation -- separation in FI-AFlFFF are continuously achieved without halting the sample migration. In this study, field programming in FI-AFlFFF was investigated for the separation of NaHA, water-soluble polysaccharides, by examining the influence of field decay pattern, initial field strength condition, and ionic strength of carrier solution on the successful separation of a degraded NaHA sample. Results were compared with molecular weight calculations of eluting materials among different field programming conditions from multiangle light scattering (MALS) signals. It was found that when the field programming was utilized in FI-AFlFFF, a proper selection of initial cross-flow rate, the field decay pattern, and an appropriate control of final field strength needed to be carefully selected in achieving a successful separation of a broad molecular weight water-soluble polymer sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|