1
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Surface-bubble-modulated liquid chromatography: an experimental strategy for identification of molecular processes of solute retention in reversed-phase separation systems. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:791-813. [PMID: 36894780 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular level understanding of the chemistry at the aqueous/hydrophobe interface is crucial to separation processes in aqueous media, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and solid-phase extraction (SPE). Despite significant advances in our knowledge of the solute retention mechanism in these reversed-phase systems, direct observation of the behavior of molecules and ions at the interface in reversed-phase systems still remains a major challenge and experimental probing techniques that provide the spatial information of the distribution of molecules and ions are required. This review addresses surface-bubble-modulated liquid chromatography (SBMLC), which has a stationary gas phase in a column packed with hydrophobic porous materials and enables one to observe the molecular distribution in the heterogeneous reversed-phase systems consisting of the bulk liquid phase, the interfacial liquid layer, and the hydrophobic materials. The distribution coefficients of organic compounds referring to their accumulations onto the interface of alkyl- and phenyl-hexyl-bonded silica particles exposed to water or acetonitrile-water and into the bonded layers from the bulk liquid phase are determined by SBMLC. The experimental data obtained by SBMLC show that the water/hydrophobe interface exhibits an accumulation selectivity for organic compounds, which is quite different from that of the interior of the bonded chain layer, and the overall separation selectivity of the reversed-phase systems is determined by the relative sizes of the aqueous/hydrophobe interface and the hydrophobe. The solvent composition and the thickness of the interfacial liquid layer formed on octadecyl-bonded (C18) silica surfaces are also estimated from the bulk liquid phase volume determined by the ion partition method employing small inorganic ions as probes. It is clarified that various hydrophilic organic compounds as well as inorganic ions recognize the interfacial liquid layer formed on the C18-bonded silica surfaces as being different from the bulk liquid phase. The behavior of some solute compounds exhibiting substantially weak retention in RPLC or the so-called negative adsorption, such as urea, sugars, and inorganic ions, can rationally be interpreted with a partition between the bulk liquid phase and the interfacial liquid layer. The spatial distribution of solute molecules and the structural properties of the solvent layer on the C18-bonded layer determined by the liquid chromatographic methods are discussed in comparison to the results obtained by other research groups using molecular simulation methods.
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2
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Wang Y, Bao L, Sun J, Ding Y, Shi J, Duan Z, Chen Z. Superhydrophobic fluorinated microspheres for fluorous affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1680:463428. [PMID: 36001909 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorous affinity chromatography has received growing attention in separation and purification of fluoro compounds, but the wettability of the fluorinated stationary phases is seldom noticed. Here, we construct a series of micro-sized fluorine-containing microspheres by solvothermal precipitation polymerization. The fluorinated microspheres could be obtained with narrow size distribution at even high monomer loading of 15 wt%. Through alternating fluoro monomer, both the particle size and the wettability of the microsphere array could be tuned. Among them, the poly(divinylbenzene -dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate), P(DVB-DFHMA), microsphere (6.1 μm) arrays displays superhydrophobicity with 153.2° water contact angle. The P(DVB-DFHMA) fluorinated microspheres (7.58% fluorine content) can be packed into steel-less columns as stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. The retention mechanism of the fluorinated column is proven to be the specific fluorine-fluorine interaction. Compared to the commercial C18 silica column, the fluorinated column can completely separate fluorine-containing compounds under high water content mobile phase, including small fluoro molecules and fluoro macromolecules, at much lower back pressure by fluorous affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Liuqian Bao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jiajing Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jiasheng Shi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhengyu Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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3
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Huang J, Shi Y, Huang G, Huang S, Zheng J, Xu J, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Facile Synthesis of a Fluorinated‐Squaramide Covalent Organic Framework for the Highly Efficient and Broad‐Spectrum Removal of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Pollutants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206749. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Huang
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yueru Shi
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Guo‐zhang Huang
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Shuyao Huang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center (IARC) Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Juan Zheng
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Institute of Analysis Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou) Guangzhou 510070 China
- Chemistry College Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing Zhengzhou University Kexue Avenue 100 Zhengzhou 450001 China
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4
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Huang J, Shi Y, Huang G, Huang S, Zheng J, Xu J, Zhu F, Ouyang G. Facile Synthesis of a Fluorinated‐Squaramide Covalent Organic Framework for the Highly Efficient and Board‐Spectrum Removal of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Pollutants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Huang
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yueru Shi
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Guo‐zhang Huang
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Shuyao Huang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center (IARC) Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Juan Zheng
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Institute of Analysis Guangdong Academy of Sciences (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou) Guangzhou 510070 China
- Chemistry College Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing Zhengzhou University Kexue Avenue 100 Zhengzhou 450001 China
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5
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Intrinsic difference between phenyl hexyl- and octadecyl-bonded silicas in the solute retention selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography with aqueous mobile phase. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461450. [PMID: 32822989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For choosing an optimal column for a particular separation by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), it is essential to quantitatively understand the effects of the chemical structure of hydrophobic bonded layer derived onto silica particles on the distribution equilibrium of a solute compound at the interface between the aqueous mobile phase and the packing material. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the solute distribution equilibrium in RPLC separation due to the complexities of the chemistry at the interface between the mobile phase and the bonded layer. We successfully determined the distribution coefficients of various organic compounds concerning to their accumulation onto the water/bonded layer interface and into the bonded layer from bulk water using surface-bubble-modulated liquid chromatography with octadecyl- and phenyl hexyl-bonded silica columns. The water/phenyl hexyl-bonded layer interface accumulates organic compounds much less than the water/octadecyl-bonded layer interface due to its lower interfacial tension, and this result suggests that phenyl hexyl group orient their benzene ring facing toward water. On the other hand, aromatic moiety of phenyl hexyl group enhances partitioning of the organic compounds into the bonded layer. Experimental findings in the present work demonstrated that the water/bonded layer interface and the bonded layer itself have independent contributions to the solute distribution and the water/phenyl hexyl-bonded layer interface shows quite different solute retention selectivity from the water/octadecyl-bonded layer interface.
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6
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Felletti S, De Luca C, Ismail OH, Pasti L, Costa V, Gasparrini F, Cavazzini A, Catani M. On the effect of chiral selector loading and mobile phase composition on adsorption properties of latest generation fully- and superficially-porous Whelk-O1 particles for high-efficient ultrafast enantioseparations. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1579:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Bai J, Ou J, Zhang H, Ma S, Shen Y, Ye M. Synthesis of polymeric monoliths via thiol-maleimide polymerization reaction for highly efficient chromatographic separation. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1514:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Capillary methacrylate-based monoliths by grafting from/to γ-ray polymerization on a tentacle-type reactive surface for the liquid chromatographic separations of small molecules and intact proteins. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Zhong R, Lindhorst AC, Groche FJ, Kühn FE. Immobilization of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compounds: A Synthetic Perspective. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1970-2058. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhong
- Molecular Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Anja C. Lindhorst
- Molecular Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Florian J. Groche
- Molecular Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
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10
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Rapid “one-pot” preparation of polymeric monolith via photo-initiated thiol-acrylate polymerization for capillary liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 925:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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11
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Kulsing C, Yang Y, Sepehrifar R, Lim M, Toppete J, Matyska MT, Pesek JJ, Boysen RI, Hearn MTW. Investigations into the separation behaviour of perfluorinated C8 and undecanoic acid modified silica hydride stationary phases. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 916:102-11. [PMID: 27016444 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the surface charge properties of perfluorinated C8 (PerfluoroC8) and undecanoic acid (UDA) modified silica hydride stationary phases have been investigated. The zeta potential values of these stationary phases were measured in aqueous/acetonitrile mobile phases of different pH, buffer concentrations and acetonitrile contents. The retention behaviour of several basic, acidic and neutral compounds were then examined with these two stationary phases, with U-shaped retention dependencies evident with regard to the organic solvent content of the mobile phase. Plots of the logarithmic retention factor versus buffer concentration revealed slopes ≥ -0.41 for both stationary phases, indicating the involvement of mixed mode retention mechanisms with contributions from both ionic and non-ionic interactions. Using a linear solvation energy relationship approach, the origins of these interactions under different mobile phase conditions were differentiated and quantified. The PerfluoroC8 stationary phase exhibited stronger retention for basic compounds under high acetonitrile content mobile phase conditions, whilst stronger retention was observed for all compounds with the UDA stationary phase under high aqueous content mobile phase conditions. The more negative zeta potentials of the UDA stationary phase correlated with higher total charge density, surface charge density and charge density at the beta plane (the outer plane of the double layer) compared to the PerfluoroC8 stationary phase. With mobile phases of low buffer concentrations, more negative zeta potential values were unexpectedly observed for the PerfluoroC8 stationary phase with slight increases in the C descriptor value, reflecting also the greater accessibility of the analytes to the stationary phase surface. Comparison of the retention behaviours on these phases with other types of silica hydride stationary phases has revealed different patterns of selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadin Kulsing
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yuanzhong Yang
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Roshanak Sepehrifar
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Joshua Toppete
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Maria T Matyska
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Joseph J Pesek
- Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - Reinhard I Boysen
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Milton T W Hearn
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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12
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Zhao M, Deng C. Designed synthesis of fluorous-functionalized magnetic mesoporous microspheres for specific enrichment of phosphopeptides with fluorous derivatization. Proteomics 2016; 16:1051-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; Shanghai P. R. China
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13
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Catani M, Guzzinati R, Marchetti N, Pasti L, Cavazzini A. Exploring Fluorous Affinity by Liquid Chromatography. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6854-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Catani
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Guzzinati
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), R. C. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese, 301, S. Maria
di Galeria, 00123, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- University of Ferrara, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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14
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Chen L, Ou J, Liu Z, Lin H, Wang H, Dong J, Zou H. Fast preparation of a highly efficient organic monolith via photo-initiated thiol-ene click polymerization for capillary liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1394:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Search for improved fluorinated stationary phases for separation of fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals from their desfluoro analogs. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1380:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Fluorous affinity-based separation techniques for the analysis of biogenic and related molecules. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:151-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Liu Z, Ou J, Lin H, Wang H, Liu Z, Dong J, Zou H. Preparation of Monolithic Polymer Columns with Homogeneous Structure via Photoinitiated Thiol-yne Click Polymerization and Their Application in Separation of Small Molecules. Anal Chem 2014; 86:12334-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503626v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Hanfa Zou
- Key
Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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18
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Adam C, Yang L, Cockroft SL. Partitioning Solvophobic and Dispersion Forces in Alkyl and Perfluoroalkyl Cohesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Adam C, Yang L, Cockroft SL. Partitioning Solvophobic and Dispersion Forces in Alkyl and Perfluoroalkyl Cohesion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1164-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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New insights into perfluorinated adsorbents for analytical and bioanalytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:17-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Ciogli A, Simone P, Villani C, Gasparrini F, Laganà A, Capitani D, Marchetti N, Pasti L, Massi A, Cavazzini A. Revealing the Fine Details of Functionalized Silica Surfaces by Solid-State NMR and Adsorption Isotherm Measurements: The Case of Fluorinated Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography. Chemistry 2014; 20:8138-48. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Washington JW, Naile JE, Jenkins TM, Lynch DG. Characterizing fluorotelomer and polyfluoroalkyl substances in new and aged fluorotelomer-based polymers for degradation studies with GC/MS and LC/MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:5762-5769. [PMID: 24749955 DOI: 10.1021/es500373b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorotelomer-based polymers (FTPs), the dominant product of the fluorotelomer industry, are antistaining and antiwetting agents that permeate the products and surfaces of modern society. However, the degree to which these materials expose humans and the environment to fluorotelomer and perfluorinated compounds, including recalcitrant and toxic compounds such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), is ill-defined. The design intent of FTPs, to minimize interaction with other substances, including solvents, heretofore has stymied efforts to develop robust methods to characterize the content of monomers and associated compounds of new commercial FTPs, as well as commercial FTPs that have been aged in environmental media for degradation testing. Here we show that FTPs can be exhausted of these compounds and quantitated by (i) drying the FTP on a suitable substrate at elevated temperature to achieve low, constant monomer concentrations; (ii) serial extraction with MTBE for fluorotelomer-monomer analysis by GC/MS in PCI mode; followed by (iii) serial extraction with 90/10 ACN/H2O for polyfluorocompound analysis by LC/MS/MS in negative ESI mode. This approach yields exhaustive, internally consistent accounting of monomers and associated compounds for FTPs, either alone or in a soil matrix (representing an environmental medium), for both new and simulated-aged FTPs to allow degradation testing, and for fluorinated compounds at least as long as C12.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Washington
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
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23
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Cavazzini A, Marchetti N, Guzzinati R, Pasti L, Ciogli A, Gasparrini F, Laganà A. Understanding Mixed-Mode Retention Mechanisms in Liquid Chromatography with Hydrophobic Stationary Phases. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4919-26. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500248b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cavazzini
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Guzzinati
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari, 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University “La Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rome, “La Sapienza”, Piazzale
Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Xu Z, Oleschuk RD. A study of the methylene/perfluormethylene selectivity of porous polymer monolithic stationary phases exhibiting different fluorous/hydrophobic content. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1329:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Semiautomated solid-phase extraction followed by derivatisation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determination of perfluoroalkyl acids in water. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1318:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Cavazzini A, Foglia P, Laganà A, Piovesana S, Samperi R. High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry determination of perfluorinated acids in cow milk. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:72-9. [PMID: 24183594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new and sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method for the determination of 12 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in cow milk is described. Milk samples were extracted with acetone and cleaned-up by a graphitized carbon black solid-phase extraction cartridge, optimizing the entire procedure by using a screening experimental design. LC/ESI-MS/MS was performed in negative ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring mode. The performance of the method was evaluated under the optimized conditions in terms of matrix effects, range of linearity, accuracy, and repeatability. For all compounds, linearity in matrix was observed in the range LOQ-10μgL(-1), and coefficients of determination R(2) ranged from 0.9982 to 0.9999. The analytical recoveries, relative to the isotopic internal standard, measured at 10 and 50ngL(-1) were in the range of 91-105%, with relative standard deviations below 6% and method detection limit, based on the blank value +3 times the standard deviation of the blank, ranged from 0.5 to 3ngL(-1). The final method developed was used to determine the concentration of PFCs in 15 retail milk samples. None of these compounds were detected in cow milk analyzed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, University "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
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Cavazzini A, Pasti L, Greco R, Costa V, Solera D, Dondi F, Marchetti N, Laganà A, Gasparrini F. Geometric characterization of straight-chain perfluorohexylpropyl adsorbents for high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1286:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu Z, Gibson GTT, Oleschuk RD. Development of fluorous porous polymer monolith (FPPM) for the capillary electrochromatographic separation of fluorous analytes based on fluorous–fluorous interaction. Analyst 2013; 138:611-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36473e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cavazzini A, Marchetti N, Pasti L, Greco R, Dondi F, Laganà A, Ciogli A, Gasparrini F. A New Method to Investigate the Intrusion of Water into Porous Hydrophobic Structures under Dynamic Conditions. Anal Chem 2012; 85:19-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303253b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara,
Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara,
Italy
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara,
Italy
| | - Roberto Greco
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara,
Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara,
Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale
A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Piazzale A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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