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Sturgeon RE. Detection of Bromine by ICP-oa-ToF-MS Following Photochemical Vapor Generation. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3072-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E. Sturgeon
- National Research Council of Canada, Measurement Science and Standards, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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2
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Trace element content of phosphorite reference materials (BCR-RM-032, PRH and IAEA-434). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Sedlacek WA, Heiken G, Zoller WH, Germani MS. Aerosols from the soufriere eruption plume of 17 april 1979. Science 2010; 216:1119-21. [PMID: 17808496 DOI: 10.1126/science.216.4550.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol samples collected from the 17 April 1979 eruption plume of Soufriere, St. Vincent, at altitudes between 1.8 and 5.5 kilometers were physically and chemically very similar to the ash that fell on the island. Higher altitude samples (7.3 and 9.5 kilometers) had a much lower ash content but comparable concentrations of sulfate, which were above the background concentration found at these altitudes.
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4
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Swaine DJ, Pickering WFJ. Modern Methods in Bituminous Coal Analysis: Trace Elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/104083408542781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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6
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Djingova R, Kuleff I. Chapter 5 Instrumental techniques for trace analysis. TRACE ELEMENTS — THEIR DISTRIBUTION AND EFFECTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-5215(00)80008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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7
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Holmes J, Samberg T, McInnes L, Zieman J, Zoller W, Harris J. Long-term aerosol and trace acidic gas collection at Mauna Loa Observatory 1979-1991. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Amartaivan T, Greaves ED, Bernasconi G, Wobrauschek P. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis of Mongolian coals. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02034866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Zieman JJ, Holmes JL, Connor D, Jensen CR, Zoller WH, Hermann DM, Parrington JR, Gordon GE. Atmospheric aerosol trace element chemistry at Mauna Loa Observatory: 1. 1979–1985. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Lindstrom RM, Mackey EA, Paul RL. Analytical applications of guided neutron beams. Biol Trace Elem Res 1994; 43-45:47-53. [PMID: 7710862 DOI: 10.1007/bf02917298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Guided beams of thermal and cold neutrons have become available to analysts at several reactors during the past decade. The very pure beams from these guides have led to lower backgrounds and higher sensitivities for prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA), and thus to new applications for this technique. For analytical accuracy, the details of neutron scattering within the sample need to be taken into account; this consideration is especially important for most materials of biological origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Lindstrom
- Inorganic Analytical Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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11
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Hacisalihoglu G, Eliyakut F, Olmez I, Balkas T, Tuncel G. Chemical composition of particles in the black sea atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Yuren L, Yanxin L, Yali X, Yonghai W, Youling D, Jin T, Bonian M, Seymour RS. Development and applications of an on-line thermal neutron prompt-gamma element analysis system. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02040133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Olmez I, Hayes MJ. Identifying sources of groundwater pollution using trace element signatures. Biol Trace Elem Res 1990; 26-27:355-61. [PMID: 1704739 DOI: 10.1007/bf02992690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple receptor modeling approach has been applied to groundwater pollution studies and has shown that marker trace elements can be used effectively in source identification and apportionment. Groundwater and source materials from one coal-fired and five oil-fired power plants, and one coal-tar deposit site have been analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis for more than 20 minor and trace elements. In one of the oil-fired power plants, trace element patterns indicated a leak from the hazardous waste surface impoundments owing to the failure of a hypolon liner. Also, the extent and spatial distribution of groundwater contamination have been determined in a coal-tar deposit site.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Olmez
- Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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14
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Tuncel G, Aras NK, Zoller WH. Temporal variations and sources of elements in the South Pole atmosphere: 1. Nonenriched and moderately enriched elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id10p13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Although various proteins and some electrolytes have been measured in human saliva, little systematic data about the major and minor elemental components of this body fluid have been obtained. In order to obtain such data, concentrations of C, Na, P, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Se, Br, Rb, Sb, I, and Cs in human parotid saliva were measured by instrumental nuclear methods. The data obtained confirmed the relative lack of Zn in saliva of patients with hypogeusia (decreased taste acuity) and suggested that concentrations of Na, Cl, Br, and Ca followed the order: normals greater than hypogeusia greater than hyposmia (decreased smell acuity). To compare concentrations of elements in saliva with those in blood and urine, absolute concentrations were normalized to that of Na through the use of a concept called an enrichment factor. On this basis, parotid saliva is relatively depleted in Se, Zn, and Fe and enriched for most other elements relative to blood plasma indicating that the fluid is not simply a transudate of blood plasma. Using this same technique, saliva composition was found more similar to urine than blood plasma, being relatively depleted in Se, Cs, and Co, being enriched in I, Br, and Cr and having about the same relative concentrations of P, Cl, Zn, Fe, Ca, K, and Rb. As the total body concentrations of many of the enriched elements in saliva are extremely small, their enrichment in saliva suggests special roles for these elements in the oral cavity. Because of its accessibility, ease of collection, and interaction with some body constituents, saliva represents a useful, albeit neglected, tool in the diagnosis of some physiological and pathological changes in body function and in understanding important aspects of trace metal metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Olmez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
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16
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Hastie DR, Schiff HI, Whelpdale DM, Peterson RE, Zoller WH, Anderson DL, Church TM. Description and intercomparison of techniques to measure n and s compounds in the Western Atlantic Ocean experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(88)90471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Simsons A, Landsberger S. Analysis of marine biological certified reference material by various non-destructive neutron activation methods. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02035544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Ebdon L, Wilkinson JR. The determination of arsenic and selenium in coal by continuous flow hydride-generation atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Non-destructive analysis of inorganic impurities in Brazilian coals by epithermal neutron activation. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02036495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Rachetti A, Wegscheider W. A fundamental parameters approach including scattered radiation for mono-energetically excited samples in energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)86027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Olmez I, Gordon GE. Rare Earths: Atmospheric Signatures for Oil-Fired Power Plants and Refineries. Science 1985; 229:966-8. [PMID: 17782528 DOI: 10.1126/science.229.4717.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The concentration pattern of rare earth elements on fine airborne particles (less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter) is distorted from the crustal abundance pattern in areas influenced by emissions from oil-fired plants and refineries. For example, the ratio of lanthanum to samarium is often greater than 20 compared to a crustal ratio less than 6. The unusual pattern apparently results from the distribution of rare earths in zeolite catalysts used in refining oil. Oil industry emissions perturb the rare earth pattern even at remote locations such as the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. Rare earth ratios are probably better for long-range tracing of oil emissions than vanadium and nickel concentrations because the ratios of rare earths on fine particles are probably not influenced by deposition and other fractionating processes. Emissions from oil-fired plants can be differentiated from those of refineries on an urban scale by the much smaller amounts of vanadium in the latter.
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23
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Sun JX, Jervis RE. Neutron activation analysis of 35 elements in Chinese standard rocks (GSR) and soils (GSS) using the SLOWPOKE reactor. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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25
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Tu SD, Lieser KH. Multielement analysis of Chinese Biological Standard Reference Material by monostandard instrumental neutron activation analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1984. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02135387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Parrington JR, Zoller WH. Diurnal and longer-term temporal changes in the composition of atmospheric particles at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/jd089id02p02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Zoller WH, Parrington JR, Kotra JM. Iridium Enrichment in Airborne Particles from Kilauea Volcano: January 1983. Science 1983; 222:1118-21. [PMID: 17747384 DOI: 10.1126/science.222.4628.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter from the January 1983 eruption of Kilauea volcano was inadvertently collected on air filters at Mauna Loa Observatory at a sampling station used to observe particles in global circulation. Analyses of affected samples revealed unusually large concentrations of selenium, arsenic, indium, gold, and sulfur, as expected for volcanic emissions. Strikingly large concentrations of iridium were also observed, the ratio of iridium to aluminum being 17,000 times its value in Hawaiian basalt. Since iridium enrichments have not previously been observed in volcanic emissions, the results for Kilauea suggest that it is part of an unusual volcanic system which may be fed by magma from the mantle. The iridium enrichment appears to be linked with the high fluorine content of the volcanic gases, which suggests that the iridium is released as a volatile IrF(6).
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Kotra JP, Finnegan DL, Zoller WH, Hart MA, Moyers JL. El Chichon: Composition of Plume Gases and Particles. Science 1983; 222:1018-21. [PMID: 17776246 DOI: 10.1126/science.222.4627.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Aircraft measurements were made of trace gases, atmospheric particles, and condensed acid volatiles in the plume of El Chichón volcano, Chiapas, Mexico, in November 1982. Hydrogen sulfide was the primary gaseous sulfur species in the plume at the time of collection. Concentrations of 28 elements were determined by neutron activation analysis of particulate material from the plume. Rates of trace element emission to the atmosphere for each species were estimated by normlization to the simultaneously determined total sulfur emission rate. The volatile elements sulfur, chlorine, arsenic, selenium, bromine, antimony, iodine, tungsten, and mercury were enriched relative to bulk pyroclastic material by factors of 60 to 20,000. Arsenic, antimony, and selenium were associated predominantly with small (>/= 3 micrometer) particles. Calcium and sodium were present almost exclusively on larger particles and aluminum and manganese were bimodally distributed. Ashladen particulate material injected into the stratosphere during the early violent eruptions was enriched by factors of 10 to 30 relative to ash in some of the same elements observed in the quiescent plume.
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Abstract
Analyses of atmospheric particles collected at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii from February 1979 through September 1982 reveal strong influxes of Asian dust in the spring of each year. Concentrations of a typical crustal element, aluminum, are more than an order of magnitude greater between February and June than during the remainder of the year (71 +/- 51 versus 6.7 +/- 2.3 nanograms per cubic meter). The mass of crustal material transported during the relatively short dust episodes accounts for an average of 80 percent of the total yearly mass of atmospheric particles at 3400 meters on Mauna Loa.
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31
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Novel method for the decomposition of organic and biological materials in an oxygen plasma excited at high frequency for elemental analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00555983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Christensen JK, Kryger L, Pind N. The determination of traces of cadmium, lead and thallium in fly ash by potentiometric stripping analysis. Anal Chim Acta 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)95317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Determination of trace elements in atmospheric wet precipitation by instrumental neutron activation analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02516139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Bujdosó E. Bibliography section. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02517633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Vossler T, Anderson DL, Aras NK, Phelan JM, Zoller WH. Trace Element Composition of the Mount St. Helens Plume: Stratospheric Samples from the 18 May Eruption. Science 1981; 211:827-30. [PMID: 17740394 DOI: 10.1126/science.211.4484.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate material collected from the stratosphere in the plume of the 18 May 1980 eruption of the Mount St. Helens volcano was quite similar in composition to that of ash that fell to the ground in western Washington. However, there were small but significant differences in concentrations of some elements with altitude, indicating that the stratospheric material was primarily produced from fresh magma, not fragments of the mountain.
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