1
|
Kaliaraj GS, Shanmugam DK, Dasan A, Mosas KKA. Hydrogels-A Promising Materials for 3D Printing Technology. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030260. [PMID: 36975708 PMCID: PMC10048566 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a promising material for a variety of applications after appropriate functional and structural design, which alters the physicochemical properties and cell signaling pathways of the hydrogels. Over the past few decades, considerable scientific research has made breakthroughs in a variety of applications such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, agriculture, biosensors, bioseparation, defense, and cosmetics. In the present review, different classifications of hydrogels and their limitations have been discussed. In addition, techniques involved in improving the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of hydrogels by admixing various organic and inorganic materials are explored. Future 3D printing technology will substantially advance the ability to pattern molecules, cells, and organs. With significant potential for producing living tissue structures or organs, hydrogels can successfully print mammalian cells and retain their functionalities. Furthermore, recent advances in functional hydrogels such as photo- and pH-responsive hydrogels and drug-delivery hydrogels are discussed in detail for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gobi Saravanan Kaliaraj
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Shanmugam
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, India
| | - Arish Dasan
- FunGlass-Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalised Glass, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, 91150 Trencin, Slovakia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Wang Y, Kirlikovali KO, Ma K, Zhou Y, Li P, Farha OK. Ultrafine Silver Nanoparticle Encapsulated Porous Molecular Traps for Discriminative Photoelectrochemical Detection of Mustard Gas Simulants by Synergistic Size-Exclusion and Site-Specific Recognition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202287. [PMID: 35790037 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid, discriminative, and portable detection of highly toxic chemical warfare agents is extremely important for response to public security emergencies but remains a challenge. One plausible solution involves the integration of porous molecular traps onto a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor. Here, a fast and facile protocol is developed to fabricate sub-1 nm AgNPs encapsulated hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) nanocomposite materials through an in situ photoreduction and subsequent encapsulation process. Compared to traditional semiconductors and selected metal-organic frameworks (MOF) materials, these AgNPs@HOFs show significantly enhanced photocurrent. Most importantly, the portable PEC device based on AgNPs@HOF-101 can selectively recognize 13 different mustard gas simulants, including 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), based on synergistic size-exclusion and specific recognition. The extremely low detection limit for CEES (15.8 nmol L-1 ), reusability (at least 30 cycles), and long-term working stability (at least 30 d) of the portable PEC device warrant its use as a chemical warfare agents (CWAs) sensor in practical field settings. More broadly, this work indicates that integrating porous molecular traps onto PEC sensors offers a promising strategy to further develop portable devices for CWAs detection with both ultrahigh sensitivity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Kent O Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kaikai Ma
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Yaming Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wenger L, Hubbuch J. Investigation of Lysozyme Diffusion in Agarose Hydrogels Employing a Microfluidics-Based UV Imaging Approach. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:849271. [PMID: 35350183 PMCID: PMC8957962 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.849271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are polymer-based materials with a high water content. Due to their biocompatible and cell-friendly nature, they play a major role in a variety of biotechnological applications. For many of these applications, diffusibility is an essential property influencing the choice of material. We present an approach to estimate diffusion coefficients in hydrogels based on absorbance measurements of a UV area imaging system. A microfluidic chip with a y-junction was employed to generate a fluid-hydrogel interface and the diffusion of lysozyme from the fluid into the hydrogel phase was monitored. Employing automated image and data processing, analyte concentration profiles were generated from the absorbance measurements and fits with an analytical solution of Fick’s second law of diffusion were applied to estimate diffusion coefficients. As a case study, the diffusion of lysozyme in hydrogels made from different concentrations (0.5–1.5% (w/w)) of an unmodified and a low-melt agarose was investigated. The estimated diffusion coefficients for lysozyme were between 0.80 ± 0.04×10−10 m2 s−1 for 1.5% (w/w) low-melt agarose and 1.14 ± 0.02×10−10 m2 s−1 for 0.5% (w/w) unmodified agarose. The method proved sensitive enough to resolve significant differences between the diffusion coefficients in different concentrations and types of agarose. The microfluidic approach offers low consumption of analyte and hydrogel and requires only relatively simple instrumentation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Utilizing Experiment and Theory to Evaluate Rhodamine B ethylenediamine as a Fluorescent Sensor for G-type Nerve Agents. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:961-967. [PMID: 35218474 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02904-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nerve gas mimic binding with Rhodamine B ethylenediamine (1) was studied in organic media. Binding of the nerve gas mimic, diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP), with the probe generated a non-fluorescent intermediate and a fluorescent product. Fluorescent and non-fluorescent products generated were identified using mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were also used to investigate the electronic structure of the fluorescent probe in the ground and lowest lying π → π* singlet excited state. Though good agreement between theory and experiment can be obtained for the intense peak in the experimental spectrum using non-hybrid functionals, care must be taken when modelling these complexes due to the appearance of an n → π* transition that is too low in energy and appears to fall in the shoulders of the π → π* transitions.
Collapse
|
5
|
Vijay N, Wu SP, Velmathi S. "Covalent-Assembly"-Triggered Striking Far-Red to near-Infrared Emitting Fluorescent Probe for Abrupt Detection of Nerve-Agent Mimic (DCP): Real Time Application in Monitoring the Presence of Trace Amounts in Soil and Live Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7007-7015. [PMID: 35006933 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Detection of chemical warfare agents (CWA) by simple and rapid methods with real-sample applications are quite inevitable in order to ease the threats to living systems caused by uncertain terror attacks and wars. Herein we have developed the first far-red to near infra-red (NIR) probe based on a covalent assembly approach for the detection of trace amounts of nerve agent mimic diethyl chloro phosphate (DCP) in soil and their fluorescent bio imaging in live cells. The probe features abrupt fluorescence turn on sensing of DCP with fluorescence quantum yield Φ = 0.622. It senses DCP selectively over other analytes in excellent sensitivity with a detection limit of 6.9 nM. In real time, the probe treated strips were employed to detect the DCP vapor effectively with eye catching fluorescence response. The presence of trace amounts of these acute warfare agents in the environment were monitored by soil analysis. Further fluorescent bio imaging was carried out to monitor trace level DCP in living cells using the HeLa cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Vijay
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India
| | - Shu Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sivan Velmathi
- Organic and Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620 015, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhan T, Xie H, Mao J, Wang S, Hu Y, Guo Z. Conductive PNIPAM/CMCS/MWCNT/PANI hydrogel with temperature, pressure and pH sensitivity. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Houpeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mao
- Department of Basic Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315000 China
| | - Sui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Yufang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Steinegger A, Wolfbeis OS, Borisov SM. Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12357-12489. [PMID: 33147405 PMCID: PMC7705895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that contains subsections on the definition of the pH value, a brief look back on optical methods for sensing of pH, on the effects of ionic strength on pH values and pKa values, on the selectivity, sensitivity, precision, dynamic ranges, and temperature dependence of such sensors. Commonly used optical sensing schemes are covered in a next main chapter, with subsections on methods based on absorptiometry, reflectometry, luminescence, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance, photonic crystals, turbidity, mechanical displacement, interferometry, and solvatochromism. This is followed by sections on absorptiometric and luminescent molecular probes for use pH in sensors. Further large sections cover polymeric hosts and supports, and methods for immobilization of indicator dyes. Further and more specific sections summarize the state of the art in materials with dual functionality (indicator and host), nanomaterials, sensors based on upconversion and 2-photon absorption, multiparameter sensors, imaging, and sensors for extreme pH values. A chapter on the many sensing formats has subsections on planar, fiber optic, evanescent wave, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance and holography based sensor designs, and on distributed sensing. Another section summarizes selected applications in areas, such as medicine, biology, oceanography, bioprocess monitoring, corrosion studies, on the use of pH sensors as transducers in biosensors and chemical sensors, and their integration into flow-injection analyzers, microfluidic devices, and lab-on-a-chip systems. An extra section is devoted to current challenges, with subsections on challenges of general nature and those of specific nature. A concluding section gives an outlook on potential future trends and perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Steinegger
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Otto S. Wolfbeis
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun X, Agate S, Salem KS, Lucia L, Pal L. Hydrogel-Based Sensor Networks: Compositions, Properties, and Applications—A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 4:140-162. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Sun
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Sachin Agate
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Khandoker Samaher Salem
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lucian Lucia
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lokendra Pal
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, 431 Dan Allen Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Thangaraj B, Solomon PR. Immobilization of Lipases – A Review. Part II: Carrier Materials. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201900017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Thangaraj
- Jiangsu UniversitySchool of Food and Biological Engineering 301 Xuefu road 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Pravin Raj Solomon
- SASTRA Deemed UniversitySchool of Chemical & Biotechnology, Tirumalaisamudram 613401 Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chromo-Fluorogenic Detection of Soman and Its Simulant by Thiourea-Based Rhodamine Probe. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050827. [PMID: 30813539 PMCID: PMC6429212 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we introduced a novel thiourea-based rhodamine compound as a chromo-fluorogenic indicator of nerve agent Soman and its simulant diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP). The synthesized probe N-(rhodamine B)-lactam-2-(4-cyanophenyl) thiourea (RB-CT), which has a rhodamine core linked by a cyanophenyl thiosemicarbazide group, enabled a rapidly and highly sensitive response to DCP with clear fluorescence and color changes. The detection limit was as low as 2 × 10−6 M. The sensing mechanism showed that opening of the spirolactam ring following the phosphorylation of thiosemicarbazides group formed a seven-membered heterocycle adduct, according to MS analysis and TD-DFT calculations. RB-CT exhibited high detecting selectivity for DCP, among other organophosphorus compounds. Moreover, two test kits were employed and successfully used to detect real nerve agent Soman in liquid and gas phase.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fu Y, Yu J, Wang K, Liu H, Yu Y, Liu A, Peng X, He Q, Cao H, Cheng J. Simple and Efficient Chromophoric-Fluorogenic Probes for Diethylchlorophosphate Vapor. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1445-1450. [PMID: 30059204 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed two small-molecule probes for real-time and onsite detecting of diethylchlorophosphate (DCP) vapor by incorporating amine groups into Schiff base skeletons. Both probes can be easily synthesized with high yield through one-step and low-cost synthesis. They can detect DCP vapor in the chromophoric-fluorogenic dual mode, which combines both the advantages of the visualization of color sensing and the high sensitivity of the fluorescence sensing. Furthermore, its sensing is based on the "turn-on" mode which can avoid the interference arising from photobleaching or fluorescence quenching agents based on "turn-off" mode. The detection limit was quantified to be as low as 0.14 ppb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Fu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jinping Yu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Kaixia Wang
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yaguo Yu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ao Liu
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xin Peng
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qingguo He
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Huimin Cao
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jiangong Cheng
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changning Road 865, Shanghai 200050, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schauenburg D, Osuna Gálvez A, Bode JW. Covalently functionalized amide cross-linked hydrogels from primary amines and polyethylene glycol acyltrifluoroborates (PEG-KATs). J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4775-4782. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the rapid preparation of chemically cross-linked hydrogels based on a multi-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) bearing potassium acyl trifluoroborate (KAT) functional groups with multi-dentate amines is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schauenburg
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Alberto Osuna Gálvez
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Karami R, Mohsenifar A, Mesbah Namini SM, Kamelipour N, Rahmani-Cherati T, Roodbar Shojaei T, Tabatabaei M. A novel nanobiosensor for the detection of paraoxon using chitosan-embedded organophosphorus hydrolase immobilized on Au nanoparticles. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:559-66. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1084930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Karami
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohsenifar
- Nanosystems Research Team (NRTeam), Karaj, Iran
- Research and Development Department, Nanozino, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Kamelipour
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Taha Roodbar Shojaei
- Nanosystems Research Team (NRTeam), Karaj, Iran
- Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Nanosystems Research Team (NRTeam), Karaj, Iran
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mancini RJ, Paluck SJ, Bat E, Maynard HD. Encapsulated Hydrogels by E-beam Lithography and Their Use in Enzyme Cascade Reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:4043-51. [PMID: 27078573 PMCID: PMC4852853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam (e-beam) lithography was employed to prepare one protein immobilized hydrogel encapsulated inside another by first fabricating protein-reactive hydrogels of orthogonal reactivity and subsequently conjugating the biomolecules. Exposure of thin films of eight arm star poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalized with biotin (Biotin-PEG), alkyne (Alkyne-PEG) or aminooxy (AO-PEG) end-groups to e-beam radiation resulted in cross-linked hydrogels with the respective functionality. It was determined via confocal microscopy that a nominal size exclusion effect exists for streptavidin immobilized on Biotin-PEG hydrogels of feature sizes ranging from 5 to 40 μm. AO-PEG was subsequently patterned as an encapsulated core inside a contiguous outer shell of Biotin-PEG. Similarly, Alkyne-PEG was patterned as a core inside an AO-PEG shell. The hydrogel reactive end-groups were conjugated to dyes or proteins of complementary reactivity, and the three-dimensional (3-D) spatial orientation was determined for both configurations using confocal microscopy. The enzyme glucose oxidase (GOX) was immobilized in the core of the encapsulated Alkyne-PEG core/ AO-PEG shell architecture, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was conjugated to the shell periphery. Bioactivity for the HRP-GOX enzyme pair was observed in this encapsulated configuration by demonstrating that the enzyme pair was capable of enzyme cascade reactions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mross S, Pierrat S, Zimmermann T, Kraft M. Microfluidic enzymatic biosensing systems: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 70:376-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Arugula MA, Wales M, Wild J, Simonian AL. A novel layer-by-layer assembled multi-enzyme/CNT biosensor for discriminative detection between organophosphorus and non-organophosphrus pesticides. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 67:287-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
FLEISCHAUER V, HEO J. An Organophosphate Sensor Based on Photo-crosslinked Hydrogel-entrapped E. coli. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:937-42. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinseok HEO
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York College at Buffalo
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Microfabricated surfaces have been widely utilized for defining adhesion of single cells or groups of cells of various kinds. Beyond simple control of cell attachment, it is often important to monitor the molecules released by cells. Co-immobilizing miniature sensors alongside cells enables more sensitive detection of secreted factors and may allow for such detection to happen within the context of local microenvironment. Methods for interfacing cells and sensors are central to the notion of local in situ detection of cell function. This chapter describes the use of hydrogel photolithography for integrating cells and sensing elements on culture surfaces. Two types of micropatterned sensing surfaces are described: (1) arrays of microwells for single cell capture that contain antibodies against secreted proteins and (2) entrapment of enzymes inside hydrogel microstructures for local detection of cell metabolism. In both cases, poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel lithography was employed to control cell attachment, in the second approach hydrogel structures also carried enzymes and functioned as sensors. The development of robust cell/sensor interfaces has implications for diagnostics, tissue engineering, and drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungmok You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dong-Sik Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xuan W, Cao Y, Zhou J, Wang W. A FRET-based ratiometric fluorescent and colorimetric probe for the facile detection of organophosphonate nerve agent mimic DCP. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:10474-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc46095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
21
|
Kirsch J, Siltanen C, Zhou Q, Revzin A, Simonian A. Biosensor technology: recent advances in threat agent detection and medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8733-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
22
|
Liu S, Zheng Z, Li X. Advances in pesticide biosensors: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:63-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
23
|
Ma S, Thiele J, Liu X, Bai Y, Abell C, Huck WTS. Fabrication of microgel particles with complex shape via selective polymerization of aqueous two-phase systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2356-2360. [PMID: 22648761 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microgel particles are formed from aqueous-two-phase-system (ATPS) droplets in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic devices. The droplets consist of a dextran core and a photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) shell. Upon UV exposure, the ATPS droplets undergo a shape-transformation yielding PEGDA microgel particles containing a socket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
ZHANG H, HUA X, TUO X, WANG X. Synthesis and fluorescent properties of a novel europium(III) complex with terpyridine-capped poly(ethylene glycol). J RARE EARTH 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(12)60115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
25
|
Preparation of photolithographically patterned inverse opal hydrogel microstructures and its application to protein patterning. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 35:243-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
Sarkar S, Mondal A, Tiwari AK, Shunmugam R. Unique emission from norbornene derived terpyridine—a selective chemodosimeter for G-type nerve agent surrogates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4223-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Microfluidic bioassay system based on microarrays of hydrogel sensing elements entrapping quantum dot–enzyme conjugates. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 31:529-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
28
|
Weerasinghe AJ, Schmiesing C, Sinn E. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of rhodamine based sensors for nerve gas mimics. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Nourmohammadian F, Wu T, Branda NR. A ‘chemically-gated’ photoresponsive compound as a visible detector for organophosphorus nerve agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10954-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13685b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Lee AG, Arena CP, Beebe DJ, Palecek SP. Development of macroporous poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel arrays within microfluidic channels. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3316-24. [PMID: 21028794 PMCID: PMC3006031 DOI: 10.1021/bm100792y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mass transport of solutes through hydrogels is an important design consideration in materials used for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and protein arrays used to quantify protein concentration and activity. We investigated the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a porogen to enhance diffusion of macromolecules into the interior of polyacrylamide and PEG hydrogel posts photopatterned within microfluidic channels. The diffusion of GST-GFP and dextran-FITC into hydrogels was monitored and effective diffusion coefficients were determined by fitting to the Fickian diffusion equations. PEG-diacrylate (M(r) 700) with porogen formed a macroporous structure and permitted significant penetration of 250 kDa dextran. Proteins copolymerized in these macroporous hydrogels retained activity and were more accessible to antibody binding than proteins copolymerized in nonporous gels. These results suggest that hydrogel macroporosity can be tuned to regulate macromolecular transport in applications such as tissue engineering and protein arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sean P. Palecek
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (608) 262-8931. Fax: (608) 262-5434.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yan J, Pedrosa VA, Simonian AL, Revzin A. Immobilizing enzymes onto electrode arrays by hydrogel photolithography to fabricate multi-analyte electrochemical biosensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:748-55. [PMID: 20356276 PMCID: PMC2849179 DOI: 10.1021/am9007819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a biomaterial microfabrication approach for interfacing functional biomolecules (enzymes) with electrode arrays. Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel photopatterning was employed to integrate gold electrode arrays with the enzymes glucose oxidase (GOX) and lactate oxidase (LOX). In this process, PEG diacrylate (DA)-based prepolymer containing enzyme molecules as well as redox species (vinylferrocene) was spin-coated, registered, and UV cross-linked on top of an array of gold electrodes. As a result, enzyme-carrying circular hydrogel structures (600 microm diameter) were fabricated on top of 300 microm diameter gold electrodes. Importantly, when used with multiple masks, hydrogel photolithography allowed us to immobilize GOX and LOX molecules on adjacent electrodes within the same electrode array. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were used to characterize biosensor electrode arrays. The response of the biosensor array was linear for up to 20 mM glucose with sensitivity of 0.9 microA cm(-2) mM(-1) and 10 mM lactate with sensitivity of 1.1 microA cm(-2) mM(-1). Importantly, simultaneous detection of glucose and lactate from the same electrode array was demonstrated. A novel strategy for integrating biological and electrical components of a biosensor described in this paper provides the flexibility to spatially resolve and register different biorecognition elements with individual members of a miniature electrode array. Of particular interest to us are future applications of these miniature electrodes for real-time monitoring of metabolite fluxes in the vicinity of living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 East Health Sciences St. #2619, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valber A. Pedrosa
- Departments of Materials Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 East Health Sciences St. #2619, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jang E, Son KJ, Kim B, Koh WG. Phenol biosensor based on hydrogel microarrays entrapping tyrosinase and quantum dots. Analyst 2010; 135:2871-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
33
|
Peng Y, Jiang D, Su L, Zhang L, Yan M, Du J, Lu Y, Liu YN, Zhou F. Mixed monolayers of ferrocenylalkanethiol and encapsulated horseradish peroxidase for sensitive and durable electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9985-92. [PMID: 19928778 PMCID: PMC2795022 DOI: 10.1021/ac901833s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the construction of a mixed monolayer of ferrocenylalkanethiol and encapsulated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at a gold electrode for amperometric detection of H(2)O(2) at trace levels. By tuning the alkanethiol chain lengths that tether the HRP enzyme and the ferrocenylalkanethiol (FcC(11)SH) mediator, facile electron transfer between FcC(11)SH and HRP can be achieved. Unlike most HRP-based electrochemical sensors, which rely on HRP-facilitated H(2)O(2) reduction (to H(2)O), the electrocatalytic current is resulted from an HRP-catalyzed oxidation reaction of H(2)O(2) (to O(2)). Upon optimizing other experimental conditions (surface coverage ratio, pH, and flow rate), the electrocatalytic reaction proceeding at the electrode was used to attain a low amperometric detection level (0.64 nM) and a dynamic range spanning over 3 orders of magnitude. Not only does the thin hydrophilic porous HRP capsule allow facile electron transfer, it also enables H(2)O(2) to permeate. More significantly, the enzymatic activity of the encapsulated HRP is retained for a considerably longer period (>3 weeks) than naked HRP molecules attached to an electrode or those wired to a redox polymer thin film. By comparing to electrodes modified with denatured HRP that are subsequently encapsulated or embedded in a poly-L-lysine matrix, it is concluded that the encapsulation has significantly preserved the native structure of HRP and therefore its enzymatic activity. The electrode covered with FcC(11)SH and encapsulated HRP is shown to be capable of rapidly and reproducibly detecting H(2)O(2) present in complex sample media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Reeves TE, Paliwal S, Wales ME, Wild JR, Simonian AL. Orientation specific positioning of organophosphorus hydrolase on solid interfaces for biosensor applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9615-9618. [PMID: 19719232 DOI: 10.1021/la9007526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein immobilization on solid interfaces is a crucial aspect of their successful application in technologies such as biosensing, purification, separation, decontamination, etc. Although immobilization can improve the long-term and operational stability of proteins, this is often at the cost of significant losses in the catalytic activity of the tethered enzyme. Covalent attachment methods take advantage of reactive groups on the amino acid side chains. The distribution of the solvent exposed side chains on an enzyme's molecular surface often results in an ensemble of orientations when the protein is immobilized on a surface or in a matrix through these side chain linkages. Depending on the attachment mechanism and resulting orientation, access to and from the active site could be restricted. This study describes a methodology for the design and implementation of an orientation specific attachment of an enzyme to a surface plasmon resonance sensor surface. The enzyme, organophosphorus hydrolase, was structurally analyzed to identify surface resides as candidates for modification to optimize active site accessibility and, thus, sensitivity of detection. A single surface lysine on the active site face of the enzyme dimer was selected for elimination, thus allowing for the immobilization of the catalyst in the preferred orientation. Kinetic evaluation of the enzymes determined that the surface lysine-to-alanine variant retained 80% of the wild-type activity with the neurotoxin substrates, paraoxon and demeton-S. After immobilization, surfaces bearing the variant were determined to be more active even though the enzyme coverage on the sensor surface was reduced by 17%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony E Reeves
- Mechanical Engineering Department, 275 Wilmore Laboratories, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Papavasiliou G, Songprawat P, Pérez-Luna V, Hammes E, Morris M, Chiu YC, Brey E. Three-dimensional pattering of poly (ethylene Glycol) hydrogels through surface-initiated photopolymerization. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2009; 14:129-40. [PMID: 18471086 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2007.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerizable hydrogels have been investigated extensively for biomedical applications, specifically in the area of tissue engineering. While fabrication approaches have shown promise in designing hydrogel scaffolds that guide cell function, the ability to spatially control localization in three-dimensions has been limited. We have developed a method for generating two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) patterns within multilayered poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogels. Covalently attached hydrogel layers are formed using precursor solutions with a 10:1 mole ratio of PEG-DA to PEG-aminoacrylate (Acr-PEG-NH2). Upon illumination of the precursor with visible light (wavelength = 514 nm), a hydrogel layer forms with pendant amine groups induced by the presence of Acr-PEG-NH2 macromer. Pendant amine groups are further functionalized with free carboxyl groups present on the visible light photoinitiator eosin, allowing for the formation of subsequent hydrogel layers. Using noncontact photolithography, the prepolymer solution is polymerized through a photomask, resulting in hydrogel structures with distinct pattern formation in each layer. Unreacted regions immobilized with eosin can be subsequently filled with a different PEG hydrogel. The technique presented shows a great potential for tissue engineering applications, for biosensors, and in the formation of cell and protein patterning for biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papavasiliou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616-3793, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Park S, Lee Y, Kim DN, Park S, Jang E, Koh WG. Entrapment of enzyme-linked magnetic nanoparticles within poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel microparticles prepared by photopatterning. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
37
|
Lee JY, Shah SS, Yan J, Howland MC, Parikh AN, Pan T, Revzin A. Integrating sensing hydrogel microstructures into micropatterned hepatocellular cocultures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:3880-6. [PMID: 19275186 PMCID: PMC2749523 DOI: 10.1021/la803635r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe a microfabrication-derived approach for defining interactions between distinct groups of cells and integrating biosensors with cellular micropatterns. In this approach, photoresist lithography was employed to micropattern cell-adhesive ligand (collagen I) on silane-modified glass substrates. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) photolithography was then used to fabricate hydrogel microstructures in registration with existing collagen I domains. A glass substrate modified in this manner had three types of micropatterned regions: cell-adhesive collagen I domains, moderately adhesive silanized glass regions, and nonadhesive PEG hydrogel regions. Incubation of this substrate with primary rat hepatocytes or HepG2 cells resulted in attachment of hepatic cells on collagen I domains with no adhesion observed on silane-modified glass regions or hydrogel domains. 3T3 fibroblasts added onto the same surface attached on the glass regions around the hepatocytes, completing the coculture. Significantly, PEG hydrogel microstructures remained free of cells and were used to "fence" hepatocytes from fibroblasts, thus limiting communication between the cell types. We also demonstrated that entrapment of enzyme molecules inside hydrogel microstructures did not compromise nonfouling properties of PEG. Building on this result, horse radish peroxidase-containing hydrogel microstructures were integrated into micropatterned cocultures and were used to detect hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium. The surface micropatterning approach described here may be used in the future to simultaneously define and detect endocrine signaling between two distinct cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Youn Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Applied Science Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jang E, Park S, Park S, Lee Y, Kim DN, Kim B, Koh WG. Fabrication of poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels entrapping enzyme-immobilized silica nanoparticles. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
39
|
Lee Y, Kim DN, Choi D, Lee W, Park J, Koh W. Preparation of interpenetrating polymer network composed of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(acrylamide) hydrogels as a support of enzyme immobilization. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
40
|
Shunmugam R, Tew G. Terpyridine–Lanthanide Complexes Respond to Fluorophosphate Containing Nerve Gas G-Agent Surrogates. Chemistry 2008; 14:5409-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
41
|
Suspension arrays of hydrogel microparticles prepared by photopatterning for multiplexed protein-based bioassays. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 10:813-822. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
Kim DN, Lee W, Koh WG. Micropatterning of proteins on the surface of three-dimensional poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel microstructures. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 609:59-65. [PMID: 18243874 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes micropatterning of proteins on the surface of three-dimensional hydrogel microstructures. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel microstructures were fabricated on a glass substrate using a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) replica as a molding insert and photolithography. The lateral dimension and height of the hydrogel microstructures were easily controlled by the feature size of the photomask and depth of the PDMS replica, respectively. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model protein, was covalently immobilized to the surface of the hydrogel microstructure via a 5-azidonitrobenzoyloxy N-hydroxysuccinimide bifunctional linker at a surface density of 1.48 mg cm(-2). The immobilization of BSA on the PEG hydrogel surface was demonstrated with XPS by confirming the formation of a new nitrogen peak, and the selective immobilization of fluorescent-labeled BSA on the outer region of the three-dimensional hydrogel micropattern was demonstrated by fluorescence. A hydrogel microstructure could immobilize two different enzymes separately, and sequential bienzymatic reaction was demonstrated by reacting glucose and Amplex Red with a hydrogel microstructure where glucose oxidase was immobilized on the surface and peroxidase was encapsulated. Activity of immobilized glucose oxidase was 16.5 U mg(-1), and different glucose concentration ranged from 0.1 to 20 mM could be successfully detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Nyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Sinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hardison D, Deepthike HU, Senevirathna W, Pathirathne T, Wells M. Temperature-sensitive microcapsules with variable optical signatures based on incorporation of quantum dots into a highly biocompatible hydrogel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b811905h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
45
|
SETO Y, KANAMORI-KATAOKA M, TSUGE K. Mass Spectrometric Technologies for Countering Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.5702/massspec.56.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
46
|
Burnworth M, Rowan SJ, Weder C. Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents. Chemistry 2007; 13:7828-36. [PMID: 17705326 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Along with biological and nuclear threats, chemical warfare agents are some of the most feared weapons of mass destruction. Compared to nuclear weapons they are relatively easy to access and deploy, which makes them in some aspects a greater threat to national and global security. A particularly hazardous class of chemical warfare agents are the nerve agents. Their rapid and severe effects on human health originate in their ability to block the function of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that is vital to the central nervous system. This article outlines recent activities regarding the development of molecular sensors that can visualize the presence of nerve agents (and related pesticides) through changes of their fluorescence properties. Three different sensing principles are discussed: enzyme-based sensors, chemically reactive sensors, and supramolecular sensors. Typical examples are presented for each class and different fluorescent sensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents are summarized and compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Burnworth
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland OH 44106-7202, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Paliwal S, Wales M, Good T, Grimsley J, Wild J, Simonian A. Fluorescence-based sensing of p-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenyl substituent organophosphates. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 596:9-15. [PMID: 17616234 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel detection method for organophosphate neurotoxins has been described, based on the fluorescence quenching of a Coumarin derivative. These dyes are similar in structure to some organophosphates (OPs), and they fluoresce in the blue-green region of the spectra. This methodology has been utilized for the detection of organophosphates whose hydrolysis product is p-nitrophenol by using an enzyme, organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH). Coumarin1 in the presence of p-nitrophenol results in a quenching of fluorescence, providing a direct measure of the concentration of p-nitrophenol present in the sample. The decrease in fluorescence intensity is proportional to the paraoxon concentration in the range of 7.0x10(-7)-1.7x10(-4) M. The specificity of this sensing application for p-nitrophenyl substituent OPs has also been demonstrated. OPs are a class of synthetic organic pesticides which generally have a short residual life and can cause numerous acute and chronic health effects. They have been an integral part of the agricultural industry for the past several decades due to their target specificities and selectable toxicities. The toxic nature of these compounds can be attributed to the species-specific inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an important enzyme responsible for the regeneration of neural synaptic function. In addition to their wide agricultural and urban usage, they have also been exploited for the development of neurological chemical warfare agents. Currently available technologies for OP detection include sol-gel thin films, screen printed electrodes, acoustic patterning, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and various other intricate techniques that have limited field applicabilities. This optically-based approach promises much simpler and more direct detection capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Paliwal
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ramanathan M, Simonian AL. Array biosensor based on enzyme kinetics monitoring by fluorescence spectroscopy: Application for neurotoxins detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:3001-7. [PMID: 17270415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to develop an evanescence wave array biosensor exploiting the "kinetic" approach of enzymatic reaction and further detection of the reaction products via pH sensitive fluorophore reporter. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we have developed a biosensor array with the potential for direct detection of organophosphates using as a biorecognition element, an enzyme organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), conjugated with a pH-sensitive fluorophore, carboxynaphthofluorescein (CNF). The presence of reference spots allows the discrimination of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic based pH changes; bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a non-enzymatic scaffold protein for CNF attachment at the reference spots. An array biosensor unit developed at the Naval Research Laboratories (NRL) was adopted as the detection platform and appropriately modified for enzyme-based measurements. A planar multi-mode waveguide was covered with an optically transparent TiO(2) layer to increase the surface area available for immobilization. The biosensor enabled the detection of 2.5 microM paraoxon, and 10 microM DFP and parathion, respectively. Very short response time of 30s can be achieved with a total analysis time of less than 2 min. When operated at room temperature and stored at 4 degrees C, the waveguide retained reasonable activity for greater than 45 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ramanathan
- Materials Research and Education Center, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, 274 Wilmore Laboratory, Auburn University, 201 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL-36849, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zourob M, Ong KG, Zeng K, Mouffouk F, Grimes CA. A wireless magnetoelastic biosensor for the direct detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Analyst 2007; 132:338-43. [PMID: 17554413 DOI: 10.1039/b616035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organophosphorus (OP) pesticide sensor was fabricated by applying a pH-sensitive polymer coating and organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzyme onto the surface of a magnetoelastic sensor, the magnetic analogue of the better-known surface acoustic wave sensor. Organophosphorus hydrolase catalyses the hydrolysis of a wide range of organophosphorus compounds, which changes the pH in the hydrogel. This article describes the application of the magnetoelastic sensor for the detection of OP pesticides by measuring the changes in viscoelasticity caused by the swelling/shrinking of the pH-responsive polymer when exposed to the pesticides. The sensor was successfully used to detect paraoxon and parathion down to a concentration of 1 x 10(-7) and 8.5 x 10(-7) M respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zourob
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hewage HS, Wallace KJ, Anslyn EV. Novel chemiluminescent detection of chemical warfare simulant. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:3909-11. [PMID: 17896029 DOI: 10.1039/b706624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A glow assay technology for the detection of a chemical warfare simulant is presented, which is based on modulating the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence pathway by way of utilising an oximate super nucleophile that gives an "off-on" glow response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himali S Hewage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|