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Gao W, Zheng W, Sun L, Kang F, Zhou Z, Xu W. On-surface synthesis and characterization of polyynic carbon chains. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae031. [PMID: 38410826 PMCID: PMC10896587 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbyne, an elusive sp-hybridized linear carbon allotrope, has fascinated chemists and physicists for decades. Due to its high chemical reactivity and extreme instability, carbyne was much less explored in contrast to the sp2-hybridized carbon allotropes such as graphene. Herein, we report the on-surface synthesis of polyynic carbon chains by demetallization of organometallic polyynes on the Au(111) surface; the longest one observed consists of ∼60 alkyne units (120 carbon atoms). The polyynic structure of carbon chains with alternating triple and single bonds was unambiguously revealed by bond-resolved atomic force microscopy. Moreover, an atomically precise polyyne, C14, was successfully produced via tip-induced dehalogenation and ring-opening of the decachloroanthracene molecule (C14Cl10) on a bilayer NaCl/Au(111) surface at 4.7 K, and a band gap of 5.8 eV was measured by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, in a good agreement with the theoretical HOMO-LUMO gap (5.48 eV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenze Gao
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Luye Sun
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Faming Kang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Interdisciplinary Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
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2
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Saura-Sanmartin A. Interlocked polyynes towards stable carbynes. Nat Chem 2024; 16:154-156. [PMID: 38263383 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01425-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Patrick CW, Gao Y, Gupta P, Thompson AL, Parker AW, Anderson HL. Masked alkynes for synthesis of threaded carbon chains. Nat Chem 2024; 16:193-200. [PMID: 37973943 PMCID: PMC10849957 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyynes are chains of sp1 carbon atoms with alternating single and triple bonds. As they become longer, they evolve towards carbyne, the 1D allotrope of carbon, and they become increasingly unstable. It has been anticipated that long polyynes could be stabilized by supramolecular encapsulation, by threading them through macrocycles to form polyrotaxanes-but, until now, polyyne polyrotaxanes with many threaded macrocycles have been synthetically inaccessible. Here we show that masked alkynes, in which the C≡C triple bond is temporarily coordinated to cobalt, can be used to synthesize polyrotaxanes, up to the C68 [5]rotaxane with 34 contiguous triple bonds and four threaded macrocycles. This is the length regime at which the electronic properties of polyynes converge to those of carbyne. Cyclocarbons constitute a related family of molecular carbon allotropes, and cobalt-masked alkynes also provide a route to [3]catenanes and [5]catenanes built around cobalt complexes of cyclo[40]carbon and cyclo[80]carbon, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor W Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yueze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Prakhar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Arora A, Baksi SD, Weisbach N, Amini H, Bhuvanesh N, Gladysz JA. Monodisperse Molecular Models for the sp Carbon Allotrope Carbyne; Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Diplatinum Polyynediyl Complexes with PtC20Pt to PtC52Pt Linkages. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2225-2240. [PMID: 38161378 PMCID: PMC10755852 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Extended conjugated polyynes provide models for the elusive sp carbon polymer carbyne, but progress has been hampered by numerous synthetic challenges. Stabilities appear to be enhanced by bulky, electropositive transition-metal endgroups. Reactions of trans-(C6F5)(p-tol3P)2Pt(C≡C)nSiEt3 (n = 4-6, PtCxSi (x = 2n)) with n-Bu4N+F-/Me3SiCl followed by excess tetrayne H(C≡C)4SiEt3 (HC8Si) and then CuCl/TMEDA and O2 give the heterocoupling products PtCx+8Si, PtCx+16Si, and sometimes higher homologues. The PtCx+16Si species presumably arise via protodesilylation of PtCx+8Si under the reaction conditions. Chromatography allows the separation of PtC16Si, PtC24Si, and PtC32Si (from n = 4), PtC18Si and PtC26Si (n = 5), or PtC20Si and PtC28Si (n = 6). These and previously reported species are applied in similar oxidative homocouplings, affording the family of diplatinum polyynediyl complexes PtCxPt (x = 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 in 96-34% yields and x = 44, 48, 52 in 22-7% yields). These are carefully characterized by 13C NMR, UV-visible, and Raman spectroscopy and other techniques, with particular attention to behavior as the Cx chain approaches the macromolecular limit and endgroup effects diminish. The crystal structures of solvates of PtC20Pt, PtC24Pt, and PtC26Si, which feature the longest sp chains structurally characterized to date, are analyzed in detail. All data support a polyyne electronic structure with a nonzero optical band gap and bond length alternation for carbyne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy Weisbach
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United
States
| | - Hashem Amini
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United
States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United
States
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United
States
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5
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Kabaciński P, Marabotti P, Fazzi D, Petropoulos V, Iudica A, Serafini P, Cerullo G, Casari CS, Zavelani-Rossi M. Disclosing Early Excited State Relaxation Events in Prototypical Linear Carbon Chains. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18382-18390. [PMID: 37525883 PMCID: PMC10450801 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) linear nanostructures comprising sp-hybridized carbon atoms, as derivatives of the prototypical allotrope known as carbyne, are predicted to possess outstanding mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties. Despite recent advances in their synthesis, their chemical and physical properties are still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the photophysics of a prototypical polyyne (i.e., 1D chain with alternating single and triple carbon bonds) as the simplest model of finite carbon wire and as a prototype of sp-carbon-based chains. We perform transient absorption experiments with high temporal resolution (<30 fs) on monodispersed hydrogen-capped hexayne H─(C≡C)6─H synthesized by laser ablation in liquid. With the support of computational studies based on ground state density functional theory (DFT) and excited state time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations, we provide a comprehensive description of the excited state relaxation processes at early times following photoexcitation. We show that the internal conversion from a bright high-energy singlet excited state to a low-lying singlet dark state is ultrafast and takes place with a 200 fs time constant, followed by thermalization on the picosecond time scale and decay of the low-energy singlet state with hundreds of picoseconds time constant. We also show that the time scale of these processes does not depend on the end groups capping the sp-carbon chain. The understanding of the primary photoinduced events in polyynes is of key importance both for fundamental knowledge and for potential optoelectronic and light-harvesting applications of low-dimensional nanostructured carbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kabaciński
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Marabotti
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università degli studi di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vasilis Petropoulos
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Iudica
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Patrick Serafini
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie IFN-CNR, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo S. Casari
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Zavelani-Rossi
- Dipartimento
di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto
di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie IFN-CNR, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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6
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Corsaro C, Condorelli M, Speciale A, Cimino F, Forte G, Barreca F, Spadaro S, Muscarà C, D’Arrigo M, Toscano G, D’Urso L, Compagnini G, Neri F, Saija A, Fazio E. Nano-Hybrid Ag@LCCs Systems with Potential Wound-Healing Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2435. [PMID: 36984315 PMCID: PMC10052190 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of contaminant-free silver@linear carbon chains (Ag@LCCs) nanohybrid systems, at different Ag/LCCs ratios, by pulsed laser ablation was studied. The ablation products were first characterized by several diagnostic techniques: conventional UV-Vis optical absorption and micro-Raman spectroscopies, as well as scanning electron microscopy, operating in transmission mode. The experimental evidence was confirmed by the theoretical simulations' data. Furthermore, to gain a deeper insight into the factors influencing metal@LCCs biological responses in relation to their physical properties, in this work, we investigated the bioproperties of the Ag@LCCs nanosystems towards a wound-healing activity. We found that Ag@LCC nanohybrids maintain good antibacterial properties and possess a better capability, in comparison with Ag NPs, of interacting with mammalian cells, allowing us to hypothesize that mainly the Ag@LCCs 3:1 might be suitable for topical application in wound healing, independent of (or in addition to) the antibacterial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marcello Condorelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Barreca
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Spadaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Manuela D’Arrigo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Toscano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Luisa D’Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics Science and Earth Science, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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