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Wei C, Li Y, Shen L, Li J, Pang X, Li M. Sequence-Controlled Electrochemical Immobilization of Catalyst-Photosensitizer Oligomers for Tuning Photoelectrochemical Behaviors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:20791-20796. [PMID: 39297789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Immobilizing catalysts and photosensitizers on an electrode surface is crucial in interfacial energy conversion. However, their combination for optimizing catalytic performance is an unpredictable challenge. Herein, we report that catalyst and photosensitizer monomers are selectively grafted one-by-one addition onto the electrode surface by interfacial electrosynthesis to achieve composition and sequence-controlled oligomer photoelectrocatalytic monolayers. This electrosynthesis relies on the oxidative coupling reaction of carbazole and the reductive coupling reaction of vinyl on the catalyst and photosensitizer monomers, and it initiates on self-assembled monolayers and propagates with alternating positive and negative potentials. Each addition and completion of the target monomer can be quantitatively identified and monitored by optical and electrical responses and their linear coefficients as a function of reaction steps. The resulting composition and sequence-controlled monolayers exhibit tuning electrocatalytic behaviors including water splitting and CO2 reduction, indicating an efficient way to optimize the electro- and photocatalytic functions and performance of molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lingyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Siddiqui AR, N'Diaye J, Santiago-Carboney A, Martin K, Bhargava R, Rodríguez-López J. Spectroelectrochemical determination of thiolate self-assembled monolayer adsorptive stability in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. Analyst 2024; 149:2842-2854. [PMID: 38600773 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00241e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) are ubiquitous in studies of modified electrodes for sensing, electrocatalysis, and environmental and energy applications. However, determining their adsorptive stability is crucial to ensure robust experiments. In this work, the stable potential window (SPW) in which a SAM-covered electrode can function without inducing SAM desorption was determined for aromatic SAMs on gold electrodes in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. The SPWs were determined by employing cyclic voltammetry, attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The electrochemical and spectroscopic findings concluded that all the aromatic SAMs used displayed similar trends and SPWs. In aqueous systems, the SPW lies between the reductive desorption and oxidative desorption, with pH being the decisive factor affecting the range of the SPW, with the widest SPW observed at pH 1. In the non-aqueous electrolytes, the desorption of SAMs was observed to be slow and progressive. The polarity of the solvent was the main factor in determining the SPW. The lower the polarity of the solvent, the larger the SPW, with 1-butanol displaying the widest SPW. This work showcases the power of spectroelectrochemical analysis and provides ample future directions for the use of non-polar solvents to increase SAM stability in electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur-Rahman Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
| | - Jeanne N'Diaye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | | | - Kristin Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA.
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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