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Avendaño-Portugal C, Montaño-Samaniego M, Guttman-Bazbaz R, Bravo-Estupiñan DM, Ibáñez-Hernández M. Therapeutic Applications of Poly-miRNAs and miRNA Sponges. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:4535. [PMID: 40429680 PMCID: PMC12111552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26104535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2025] [Revised: 05/05/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, and their dysregulation is implicated in various human diseases. Over the years, several research groups have identified miRNAs as promising therapeutic targets for intervention. Therapeutic strategies involve either overexpression or knockdown of specific miRNAs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of synthetic poly-miRNAs and miRNA sponges, highlighting their therapeutic applications. It begins with an introduction to miRNAs and their role in human diseases, followed by a detailed discussion on synthetic poly-miRNAs and miRNA sponges by exploring their application in cardiovascular, inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic disorders, as well as in cancer therapy. Additionally, strategies for targeted delivery, challenges, and limitations of these therapies are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Avendaño-Portugal
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio and Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.A.-P.); (M.M.-S.); (D.M.B.-E.)
| | - Mariela Montaño-Samaniego
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio and Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.A.-P.); (M.M.-S.); (D.M.B.-E.)
- Laboratorio de Técnicas Fototérmicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Unidad Politécnica Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico
| | - Raquel Guttman-Bazbaz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México, Av. Lomas Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, State of Mexico, Mexico;
| | - Diana M. Bravo-Estupiñan
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio and Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.A.-P.); (M.M.-S.); (D.M.B.-E.)
- Laboratorio de Quimiosensibilidad Tumoral, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Miguel Ibáñez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio and Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (C.A.-P.); (M.M.-S.); (D.M.B.-E.)
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