1
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Alberoni C, Pavan G, Scattolin T, Aliprandi A. Critical Aspects and Challenges in the Design of Small Molecules for Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) Application. Chempluschem 2024:e202400142. [PMID: 38687095 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has gained renewed interest due to the strong parallel development of luminophores in the field of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with which this technique shares several aspects. In this perspective review we discuss the most relevant advances of the past 15 years in the study of organic and organometallic compounds as ECL emitters, by dividing them in three different classes: i) fluorescent emitters, ii) phosphorescent emitters and iii) Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) emitters; then, water-soluble organic luminophores will be also discussed. We focus on how their design, their photo- and electrochemical properties and, in particular, the nature of the emitter, affect their efficiency in ECL. Regardless of the type of luminophore or the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), the literature converges on the fact that the most determining aspect is the stability of the oxidized/reduced form of the emitter. Even if phosphorescent emitters can show outstanding efficiency, this often requires the absence of oxygen. In the case of TADFs, there is also a strong dependence of photoluminescence both in terms of PLQY and emission energy on the polarity of the media, so compounds, that appear promising in organic solvents, may be very inefficient in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Alberoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di, Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Pavan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di, Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di, Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aliprandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di, Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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2
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Han Q, Shi X, Kang K, Cao Y, Cong L, Wang J. Silver Nanoparticles In Situ Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence of the Porphyrin Organic Matrix for Highly Sensitive and Rapid Monitoring of Tetracycline Residues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38602881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of tetracycline (TC) residues in the environment is crucial for avoiding contaminant risk. Herein, a novel TC biosensor was facilely designed by integrating silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into the porphyrin metal-organic matrix (Ag@AgPOM) as a bifunctional electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe. Different from the step-by-step synthesis of the co-reaction accelerator and ECL emitter, the co-reaction accelerators Ag NPs were in situ-grown on the surface of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) via a simple one-pot approach. Symbiotic Ag NPs on Ag@AgPOM formed an intimate interface and increased the collision efficiency of the ECL reaction, achieving the ECL enhancement of TCPP. Under the optimized conditions, the ternary ECL biosensor showed a wide linear detection range toward TC with a low detection limit of 0.14 fmol L-1. Compared with the traditional HPLC and ELISA methods, satisfied analytical adaptability made this sensing strategy feasible to monitor TC in complex environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Han
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xueran Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Kai Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yingbo Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Lin Cong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
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3
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Wang Y, Dai S, Liu T, Wu C, Sun M, Su G, Ye J, Wang X, He J, Rao H, Lu Z. Sulfur vacancy defects mediated CdZnTeS@BC heterojunction: Artificial intelligence-assisted self-enhanced electrochemiluminescence molecularly imprinted sensing of CTC. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 248:115941. [PMID: 38160634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by tetracycline antibiotics is a major concern of global public health. Here, a novel and portable molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence (MIECL) sensor based on smartphones for highly sensitive detection of chlortetracycline (CTC) has been successfully established. The high-performance ECL emitter of biomass carbon (BC) encapsulated CdZnTeS (CdZnTeS@BC) was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal. The enhanced ECL performance was ascribed to the introduction of the BC and increased the overall electrical conductivity of the nanoemitter, as well as increased the number of sulfur vacancies and doping on the surface of the emitter based on density functional theory calculations. An aniline-CTC molecular imprinted polymer was synthesized on the surface of the CdZnTeS@BC modified electrode by in-situ electropolymerization. The decrease in MIECL signal was attributed to the increase in impedance effect. The MIECL nanoplatform enabled a wide linear relationship in the range of 0.05-100 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.029 μmol/L for spectrometer sensors. Interestingly, the light emitted during the MIECL reaction can be captured by a smartphone. Thus, machine learning was used to screen the photos that were taken, and color analysis was carried out on the screened photos by self-developed software, thus achieving a portable, convenient, and intelligent sensing mode. Finally, the sensor obtains satisfactory results in the detection of actual samples, with no significant differences from those of liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Shijie Dai
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Chun Wu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Gehong Su
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Jianshan Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
| | - Xianxing Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Jie He
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Hanbing Rao
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Lu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xin Kang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, PR China.
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4
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Qi J, Miao Q, Deng D, He H, Yan X, Luo L. A paper-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on carbon dots modified with Eu 3+ for the selective detection of tetracycline in seafood aquaculture water. Analyst 2024; 149:1571-1578. [PMID: 38285427 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02133e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Paper-based ratiometric fluorescence sensors are normally prepared using two or more types of fluorescent materials on a paper chip for simple, low-cost and fast detection. However, the choice of multi-step and one-step modifications on the paper chip affects the analytical performance. Herein, a novel paper-based dual-emission ratiometric fluorescence sensor was designed for the selective detection of tetracycline (TC). Carbon dots (CDs) modified with Eu3+ were combined with a sealed paper-based microfluidic chip by two methods: one-step grafting of CDs-Eu3+ on paper and step-by-step grafting of CDs and Eu3+ on paper. The analytical performance was studied and optimized respectively. The red fluorescence of Eu3+ at 450 nm is enhanced and the blue fluorescence of CDs at 617 nm is quenched by energy transfer in the presence of TC. Under optimal conditions, TC is selectively determined in the linear range from 0.1 μM to 100 μM with a detection limit of 0.03 μM by the step-by-step grafting method. In addition, the sealed paper chip could effectively prevent pollution and volatilization from the reagent. This technique has been used to analyze TC in seafood aquaculture water with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Ji Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Research Centre for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Qinglan Miao
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Deng
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Haibo He
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxia Yan
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Liqiang Luo
- College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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5
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Ding M, Zhang S, Wang J, Ding Y, Ding C. Ultrasensitive Ratiometric Electrochemiluminescence Sensor with an Efficient Antifouling and Antibacterial Interface of PSBMA@SiO 2-MXene for Oxytetracycline Trace Detection in the Marine Environment. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16327-16334. [PMID: 37888537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity and accuracy of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors for detecting small-molecule pollutants in environmental water are affected not only by nonspecific adsorption of proteins and other molecules but also by bacterial interference. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an ECL sensor with antifouling and antibacterial functions for water environment monitoring. Herein, a highly efficient antifouling sensing interface (PSBMA@SiO2-MXene) based on zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) antifouling nanospheres (NPs) and two-dimensional MXene nanosheets was designed for the sensitive detection of oxytetracycline (OTC), an antibiotic small-molecule pollutant. Specifically, SBMA with good hydrophilicity and electrical neutrality was connected to SiO2 NPs, thus effectively reducing protein and bacterial adsorption and improving stability. Second, MXene with a high specific surface area was selected as the carrier to load more antifouling NPs, which greatly improves the antifouling performance. Meanwhile, the introduction of MXene also enhances the conductivity of the antifouling interface. In addition, a ratio-based sensing strategy was designed to further improve the detection accuracy and sensitivity of the sensor by utilizing Au@luminol as an internal standard factor. Based on antifouling and antibacterial interfaces, as well as internal standard and ratiometric sensing strategies, the detection range of the proposed sensor was 0.1 ng/mL to 100 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.023 ng/mL, achieving trace dynamic monitoring of antibiotics in complex aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Shulei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Jinge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Yan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
| | - Caifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Ministry of Education; Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis; Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science in Universities of Shandong; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China
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6
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Moazzenzade T, Huskens J, Lemay SG. Utilizing the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Particle Impact Electrochemistry: A Step toward Mediator-Free Digital Electrochemical Sensors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31265-31270. [PMID: 37663480 PMCID: PMC10468766 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The current blockade particle impact method opens a route toward highly parallelized single-entity electrochemical assays. An important limitation is, however, that a redox mediator must be present in the sample, which can detrimentally interfere with molecular recognition processes. Dissolved O2 that is naturally present in aqueous solutions under ambient conditions can in principle serve as a suitable mediator via the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, we demonstrate the validity of this concept by performing current blockade experiments to capture and detect individual microparticles at Pt microelectrodes using solely the ORR. The readout modality is independent of the absolute O2 concentration, allowing operation under varying conditions. We further determine how the trajectories of individual microparticles are influenced by the combination of electrophoresis and electroosmotic flows and how these can be utilized to provide continuous detection of cationic particles in water for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghi Moazzenzade
- Faculty of Science and Technology and
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Faculty of Science and Technology and
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Serge G. Lemay
- Faculty of Science and Technology and
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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7
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Wei M, Du X, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Shan X, Wang W, Shiigi H, Chen Z. Highly efficient near-infrared electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer system for biosensing: Nonmetallic plasmon Mediated well-matched energy donor-acceptor pair. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 236:115420. [PMID: 37245460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a well-matched energy donor-acceptor pair strategy was designed to construct highly efficient NIR ECL-RET system. In detail, an ECL amplification system consisting of SnS2 quantum dots decorated Ti3C2 MXene nanocomposites (SnS2 QDs-Ti3C2) as the energy donor were developed via a one-pot method, and the nanocomposites exhibited highly efficient NIR ECL emission due to the surface-defect effect generated by the oxygen-containing functional groups in MXene. Nonmetallic plasmon hydrated defective tungsten oxide nanosheets (dWO3•H2O) were utilized as energy acceptors because of its strong surface plasmon resonance effect in Vis-NIR absorption range. Compared with non-defective tungsten oxide hydrate nanosheets (WO3•H2O), the overlapping area between ECL spectrum of SnS2 QDs-Ti3C2 and UV-vis spectrum of dWO3•H2O was increased by 2.1 times, and the results showed that more efficient quenching effect was obtained. As a proof of concept, tetracycline (TCN) aptamer and its complementary chain were served as a bridge to connect the energy donor and acceptor, achieving the successful construction of NIR ECL-RET aptasensor. The as-fabricated ECL sensing platform exhibited a low detection limit of 6.2 fM (S/N = 3) within a wide linear range from 10 fM to 10 μM. Besides, the NIR ECL-RET aptasensor also showed excellent stability, reproducibility and selectivity, providing a promising tool to detect TCN in real samples. This strategy offered a universal and effective method in constructing highly efficient NIR ECL-RET system for developing rapid, sensitive and accurate biological detection platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, PR China
| | - Xiaojiao Du
- Oakland International Associated Laboratory, School of Photoelectric Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213032, PR China
| | - Ding Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, PR China.
| | - Yude Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, PR China
| | - Xueling Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, PR China
| | - Wenchang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, PR China
| | - Hiroshi Shiigi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Zhidong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, PR China.
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8
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Yang J, Qin D, Wang N, Wu Y, Fang K, Deng B. Au@NiFeMOFs as the signal quencher of Au@g-C 3N 4NSs composite for sensitive "on-off" electrochemiluminescence immunosensing of beta-2-microglobulin. Talanta 2023; 261:124672. [PMID: 37196401 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) immunosensor was constructed to detect beta-2-microglobulin (B2M). As a donor-acceptor pair, a carbon nitride nanosheet modified with gold nanoparticles (Au@g-C3N4NSs) and a nickel- and iron-based organic framework modified with gold nanoparticles (Au@NiFeMOFs) were prepared. The sandwich immunosensor was successfully constructed so that ECL-RET occurred between Au@NiFeMOFs and Au@g-C3N4NSs. The ECL intensity of the immunosensor decreased with the increase the B2M concentration due to the low conductivity of B2M. The linear range of the ECL-RET immunosensor was from 10 fg/mL to 10 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 2.3 fg/mL (S/N = 3). The developed immunosensor had high sensitivity, high specificity, and excellent stability. It could realize the sensitivity test of B2M and provide a novel idea for the detection of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Dongmiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Kanjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Biyang Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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9
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Chen R, Wang X, Wu K, Liu S, Zhang Y. Voltammetric Study and Modeling of the Electrochemical Oxidation Process and the Adsorption Effects of Luminol and Luminol Derivatives on Glassy Carbon Electrodes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17625-17633. [PMID: 36475634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Luminol is one of the most widely used electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reagents, yet the detailed mechanism and kinetics of the electrochemical oxidation of luminol remain unclear. We propose a model that describes the electrochemical oxidation of luminol as multiple electron transfer reactions followed by an irreversible chemical reaction, and we applied a finite element method simulation to analyze the electron transfer kinetics in alkaline solutions. Although negligible at higher pH values, the adsorption of luminol on the glassy carbon electrode became noticeable in a solution with pH = 12. Additionally, various types of adsorption behaviors were observed for luminol derivatives and analogues, indicating that the molecular structure affected not only the oxidation but also the adsorption process. The adsorption effect was analyzed through a model with a Langmuir isotherm to show that the saturated surface concentration as well as the reaction kinetics increased with decreasing pH, suggesting a competition for the active sites between the molecule and OH-. Moreover, we show that the ECL intensity could be boosted through the adsorption effect by collecting the ECL intensity generated through the electrochemical oxidation of luminol and a luminol analogue, L012, in a solution with pH = 13. In contrast with luminol, a significant adsorption effect was observed for L012 at pH = 13, and the ECL intensity was enhanced by the adsorbed species, especially at higher scan rates. The magnitude of the enhancement of the ECL intensity matched well with the simulation using our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
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10
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Zong LP, Chen X, Zhu D, Li XJ, Li F, Cosnier S, Zhang XJ, Marks RS, Shan D. Schiff Base Complexes with Covalently Anchored Luminophores: Self-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence Detection of Neomycin. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3085-3093. [PMID: 36222744 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) amplification strategy was established aiming to overcome the inherent shortcomings of the current oxygen (O2) coreactant ECL systems. Macrocyclic Schiff base Fe complexes were rationally designed as a novel integrated ECL emitter by iminium linkage between N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) and 1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarbaldehyde (PDL) and postmetalation of the macrocyclic Schiff base. Covalently combining luminophore ABEI with a catalytic center endowed the novel ECL emitter with both remarkable redox electrocatalytic properties and significantly enhanced ECL efficiency. The high content of ferrous iron and the dominantly active low-spin Fe state greatly contributed to the inherent catalytic activity for O2 activation. The rational modification of luminophore optimized the spatial distribution and simultaneously shortened the species transport distance of coreactant radicals generated in situ from dissolved O2, resulting in significantly self-enhanced ECL efficiency. Neomycin, which posed a growing threat to aquatic biodiversity and environmental safety, as the model antibiotic was successfully detected with a detection limit of 0.21 pM (S/N = 3), clarifying a promising application prospect of this new luminophore-embedded ECL amplification strategy in biological analysis and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Zong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Dunru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Jie Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Serge Cosnier
- University of Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, GrenobleF-38000, France
| | - Xue-Ji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, P. R. China
| | - Robert S Marks
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva84105, Israel
| | - Dan Shan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
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11
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Ma Y, Zhang Y, Gao J, Ouyang H, He Y, Fu Z. PEGylated Ni Single-Atom Catalysts as Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescent Probes with Favorable Aqueous Dispersibility for Assaying Drug-Resistant Pathogens. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14047-14053. [PMID: 36179113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ni single-atom catalysts (SACs) were synthesized by high-temperature calcination of nickel ions and 1,10-phenanthroline on carbon black as a carrier. Benefiting from the ultrahigh atom utilization efficiency, Ni SACs can significantly accelerate decay of dissolved oxygen to generate abundant reactive oxygen species through an oxygen reduction reaction occurring on cathodes. The generated reactive oxygen species can vastly enhance the electrochemiluminescent (ECL) signal of luminol without participation of exogenous co-reactants. To overcome the inherent unfavorable aqueous dispersibility of Ni SACs prepared by the calcination protocol, they were functionalized with highly hydrophilic PEG 2000. Thanks to the abundant carboxyl groups on PEG 2000, the PEGylated Ni SACs (Ni@PEG) can be used as ECL probes to tag biorecognition molecules. In this proof-of-principle work, an ECL biosensor for assaying methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was developed by using porcine IgG as capture molecule and phage cell-binding domain tagged with Ni@PEG as signal tracer. It shows a broad linear range of 73-7.3 × 106 CFU/mL and a low detection limit of 25 CFU/mL. The recovery values for assaying spiked samples are between 80.8 and 119.2%. It was also utilized to assess MRSA susceptibility to four antibiotics, with results consistent with those obtained by the standard broth microdilution technique. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to utilize aqueous dispersible SACs as highly sensitive ECL probes for developing biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Ma
- The State Key Lab of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- The State Key Lab of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- The State Key Lab of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi563000, China
| | - Zhifeng Fu
- The State Key Lab of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing400715, China
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12
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Yang H, Wei Y, Yan X, Nie C, Sun Z, Hao L, Su X. High-Efficiency Utilization of Waste Tobacco Stems to Synthesize Novel Biomass-Based Carbon Dots for Precise Detection of Tetracycline Antibiotic Residues. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183241. [PMID: 36145029 PMCID: PMC9503805 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recycling waste biomass into valuable products (e.g., nanomaterials) is of considerable theoretical and practical significance to achieve future sustainable development. Here, we propose a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis route to convert waste tobacco stems into biomass-based N, S-codoped carbon dots (C-dots) with the assistance of carbon black. Unlike most of the previously reported luminescent C-dots, these biomass-based C-dots showed a satisfactory stability, as well as an excitation-independent fluorescence emission at ~520 nm. Furthermore, they demonstrated a pH-dependent fluorescence emission ability, offering a scaffold to design pH-responsive assays. Moreover, these as-synthesized biomass-based C-dots exhibited a fluorescence response ability toward tetracycline antibiotics (TCs, e.g., TC, CTC, and OTC) through the inner filter effect (IFE), thereby allowing for the establishment a smart analytical platform to sensitively and selectively monitor residual TCs in real environmental water samples. In this study, we explored the conversion of waste tobacco stems into sustainable biomass-based C-dots to develop simple, efficient, label-free, reliable, low-cost, and eco-friendly analytical platforms for environmental pollution traceability analysis, which might provide a novel insight to resolve the ecological and environmental issues derived from waste tobacco stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunlong Wei
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiufang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research of Guizhou Province, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Nie
- School of Food & Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhenchun Sun
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Likai Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xiankun Su
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
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13
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Xu Z, Guo Z, Zheng X. An Electrocatalysis and Self-Enrichment Strategy for Signal Amplification of Luminol Electrochemiluminescence Systems. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13181-13188. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Xingwang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
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14
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Zhang XJ, Ma YY, Bi HX, Yin XY, Song H, Liu MH, Han ZG. Wheel-shaped molybdenum( v) cobalt-phosphate cluster as a highly sensitive bifunctional photoelectrochemical sensor for the trace determination of Cr( vi) and tetracycline. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A wheel-shaped {Co16Mo16P24} cluster-based 3-D crystal framework serves as an efficient bifunctional photoelectrochemical sensor for the trace determination of Cr(vi) and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Hebei Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Hebei Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Xue Bi
- Hebei Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Hebei Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P. R. China
| | - Hao Song
- Hebei Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P. R. China
| | - Man-Hui Liu
- Hebei Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Gang Han
- Hebei Key laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P. R. China
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