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Huang X, Deng H, Deng X, Li L, Wu M, Huang C, Zhang Y, Zhao H. Single-atom iron boosts electrochemiluminescence for ultrasensitive carcinoembryonic antigen detection. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:111. [PMID: 38252316 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A simple and ultrasensitive sandwich-type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor has been developed using porous three-dimensional gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) iron(Fe)-zinc(Zn) metal-organic frameworks (Au NPs-FeZn-MOFs@luminol) as high-efficiency ECL signal probes with Fe single-atom catalysts (SACs) (Fe-N-C SACs) as potentially advanced coreaction accelerators and dissolved oxygen as a coreaction agent to realize an H2O2-free amplification method for detecting carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The cathodic ECL of luminol, which was usually negligible, increased first. Because the Fe-N-C SACs exhibited an outstanding catalytic performance and a unique electronic structure, different reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated via the oxygen reduction reaction. ROS oxidized the luminol anions to luminol anion radicals, preventing the time-consuming luminol electrochemical oxidation. Furthermore, the luminol anion radicals generated in situ reacted with ROS to produce potent cathodic ECL emissions. The immunosensor exhibited favorable analytical accuracy (detection range: 0.1 pg mL-1 - 80 ng mL-1), and its detection limit for serum samples was 0.031 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). Consequently, the proposed strategy offers a new approach for early screening of CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Institute of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China.
- Education Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Low-cost Rural Environmental Treatment Technology at Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China.
- Dazhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Fiber Materials, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Haoxuan Deng
- Chongqing Qiujing High School, Chongqing, 400015, China
| | - Xiang Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Institute of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China.
- Education Department of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Low-cost Rural Environmental Treatment Technology at Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China.
- Dazhou Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Fiber Materials, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Longxiang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Institute of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Institute of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoqin Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Institute of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Institute of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China
| | - Huali Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan Institute of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, Sichuan, China
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Wang Y, Kan X. LuMA-Functionalized Thermosensitive Hydrogel: A Versatile and Robust Dopamine-Triggered Platform for Diverse Biomolecules Sensing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5097-5104. [PMID: 37851382 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
It is of great significance for the analysis of multiple biomarkers because a single biomarker is difficult to accurately achieve early diagnosis, disease course monitoring, and prognosis evaluation. Herein, a luminescence thermosensitive hydrogel was synthesized by radical polymerization using a methacrylic acid derivative monomer of luminol (LuMA) as luminescent, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) as thermosensitive monomer, and acrydite-oligonucleotides [dopamine (DA) aptamer, DNA C1, and DNA C2] as recognition elements. The combined DA based on the affinity interaction between the DA and the aptamer on the hydrogel polymer chain was electrochemically oxidized to dopamine quinone during the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) scanning, which effectively quenched the ECL signal of LuMA due to the resonance energy transfer (RET). In addition, the thermosensitive hydrogel showed swelling-collapse characteristics when the temperature was below and above the volume phase transition temperature. Undergoing the collapse process initiated by the temperature, the RET efficiency was further enhanced due to the shortened distance between the energy donor and acceptor, showing a 1.4 times signal amplification and achieving sensitive detection of DA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 × 10-10 M. For a proof of concept application, coupled with the target-induced release of DA from the DNA-magnetic beads bioconjugations based on duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-assisted target recycling amplification strategy and DNAzyme cleavage reaction, this ECL-RET approach was successfully used to evaluate multiple targets including miRNA-141 and MUC1 with the LOD of 2.5 aM and 1.6 fg/mL, respectively. The excellent performances of the versatile and robust ECL-RET hydrogel in multiple target sensing showed potential applications in clinical diagnosis and disease therapeutic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
- Scholl of Basic Courses, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Xianwen Kan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
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Fan X, Yao X, Qiu M, Wu K, Deng A, Li J. Electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer immunoassay based on a porphyrin metal-organic framework and AuNPs/NSG for the sensitive detection of zearalenone. Analyst 2023; 148:5691-5697. [PMID: 37823327 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01418e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) immunoassay was developed for the first time for the detection of zearalenone (ZEN). A porphyrin metal-organic framework (PCN-222), an emerging porphyrin-based ECL luminophore, was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method using tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin, which has excellent ECL emission as well as good ECL efficiency. Because the ECL emission spectrum of PCN-222 is highly matched to the absorption spectrum of gold nanoparticle-modified graphene oxide (AuNPs/NSG) nanocomposites, they were used as donor-acceptor counterparts in this work for the ECL-RET strategy. Under optimal conditions, the ECL immunosensor showed a sensitive response to ZEN in a wide detection range, with a linearity of 0.0005-1000 ng mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.15 pg mL-1. In addition, the sensor showed good potential for application in the detection of wheat and corn samples, providing a new approach for the detection of mycotoxin-like contaminants such as ZEN in food grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Fan
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Xun Yao
- Comprehensive Technology Center of Zhangjiagang Customs, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, 215600, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Qiu
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Anping Deng
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- The Key Lab of Health Chemistry & Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
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Shao M, Sun Y, Li Y, Wu Z, Li X, Zhang R, Zhang L. Regulating highly photoelectrochemical activity of Zr-based mixed-linker metal-organic frameworks toward sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensing of α-glucosidase. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115530. [PMID: 37478507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The conductivity and emission efficiency of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) remain challenging factors that limit their electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensing applications. Herein, we report a facile approach to address these challenges by integrating an electroactive linker (H2-TCPP) with an ECL active electrogenerated chemiluminescence linker (H4-TBAPy) to construct a highly photoelectrochemical active mixed-linker MOFs (ML-MOFs). ECL results revealed a remarkable 15.4-fold enhancement for the top-performing ML-MOFs (M6-MOFs), surpassing the single linker MOFs. In addition, M6-MOFs also exhibit a remarkable 73-fold enhancement in ECL efficiency compared to commercial Ru (bpy)32+. This improvement should be attributed to the synergistic effects resulting from the combination of two linkers. Furthermore, M6-MOFs are found to be served as a model ECLphore for sensitive and selective detection of α-glucosidase for the first time with good potential practicability in human serum samples. This work represents a promising direction to guide for designing good conductivity and high ECL efficiency MOFs in terms of linker functionalization and thus bandgap modulation for advancing their ECL sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuzhu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuyan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhihan Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiyan Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Libing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Wu K, Zheng Y, Chen R, Zhou Z, Liu S, Shen Y, Zhang Y. Advances in electrochemiluminescence luminophores based on small organic molecules for biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115031. [PMID: 36571992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has several advantages, such as a near-zero background signal, high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, simplicity, and is widely used for sensing, imaging, and single cell analysis. ECL luminophores are the key factors in the performance of various applications. Among various luminophores, small organic luminophores exhibit many intriguing features including good biocompatibility, facile modification, well-defined molecular structure, and sustainable raw materials, making small organic luminophores attractive for the use in the ECL field. Although many great achievements have been made in the synthesis of new small organic luminophores, solving various challenges, and expanding new applications, there are almost no comprehensive reviews on small organic ECL luminophores. In this review, we briefly introduce the advantages and emission mechanisms of small organic ECL luminophores, summarize the main types, molecular characteristics, and ECL properties of most existing small organic ECL luminophores, and present the important applications and design principles in sensors, imaging, single cell analysis, sterilization, and other fields. Finally, the challenges and outlook of organic ECL luminophores to be popularized in biosensing applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yongjun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Songqin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Fang J, Dai L, Feng R, Wu D, Ren X, Cao W, Ma H, Wei Q. High-Performance Electrochemiluminescence of a Coordination-Driven J-Aggregate K-PTC MOF Regulated by Metal-Phenolic Nanoparticles for Biomarker Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1287-1293. [PMID: 36535709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of aggregation-caused quenching of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by metal-ligand coordination is of immense scientific interest in solid-state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing. Herein potassium ion (K+)-mediated J-aggregate K-PTC MOF (PTCA, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic) was synthesized and employed to formulate an ECL immunosensor for biomarker detection. The coordination-driven aggregates are arranged in an end-to-end side mode, which overcomes the aggregation-caused quenching related to PTCA concentration. Compared with PTCA, K-PTC MOF shows a more stable ECL emission with an unprecedented red shift to 718 nm and is equipped with ECL activity for analytical applications at a voltage of -1.1 V. Considering the requirements of accurate detection, metal-phenolic bioactive nanoparticles (MPNPs) were synthesized for the construction of a sandwich sensing platform to realize the steady-state regulation of ECL. As proof of applicability, a constructive experiment was carried out with neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a marker of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), as a targeted analyte. With optimal requirements, the configuration can provide a detection range of 10 pg/mL to 50 ng/mL and a detection limit of 7.4 pg/mL, accompanied by sufficient practical analytical performance. Collectively, this paradigm provides a deeper understanding of the ECL characteristics of coordination-driven J-aggregation and provides more possibilities for the development of ECL patterns based on luminescent metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P. R. China
| | - Li Dai
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P. R. China
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Chen R, Wang X, Wu K, Liu S, Zhang Y. Voltammetric Study and Modeling of the Electrochemical Oxidation Process and the Adsorption Effects of Luminol and Luminol Derivatives on Glassy Carbon Electrodes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17625-17633. [PMID: 36475634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Luminol is one of the most widely used electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reagents, yet the detailed mechanism and kinetics of the electrochemical oxidation of luminol remain unclear. We propose a model that describes the electrochemical oxidation of luminol as multiple electron transfer reactions followed by an irreversible chemical reaction, and we applied a finite element method simulation to analyze the electron transfer kinetics in alkaline solutions. Although negligible at higher pH values, the adsorption of luminol on the glassy carbon electrode became noticeable in a solution with pH = 12. Additionally, various types of adsorption behaviors were observed for luminol derivatives and analogues, indicating that the molecular structure affected not only the oxidation but also the adsorption process. The adsorption effect was analyzed through a model with a Langmuir isotherm to show that the saturated surface concentration as well as the reaction kinetics increased with decreasing pH, suggesting a competition for the active sites between the molecule and OH-. Moreover, we show that the ECL intensity could be boosted through the adsorption effect by collecting the ECL intensity generated through the electrochemical oxidation of luminol and a luminol analogue, L012, in a solution with pH = 13. In contrast with luminol, a significant adsorption effect was observed for L012 at pH = 13, and the ECL intensity was enhanced by the adsorbed species, especially at higher scan rates. The magnitude of the enhancement of the ECL intensity matched well with the simulation using our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Kaiqing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Yuanjian Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
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Dong X, Zhao G, Li Y, Zeng Q, Ma H, Wu D, Ren X, Wei Q, Ju H. Dual-Mechanism Quenching of Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor Based on a Novel ECL Emitter Polyoxomolybdate-Zirconia for 17β-Estradiol Detection. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12742-12749. [PMID: 36054064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reagents has been a breakthrough work in ECL immunoassay. In this work, the ECL properties of polyoxomolybdate-zirconia (POM-ZrO2) were discovered for the first time and their luminescence mechanism was initially explored. Virgulate POM-ZrO2 was synthesized from phosphomolybdic acid hydrate and zirconium oxychloride by solvothermal method, which achieved intense and stabilized cathode ECL emission at a negative potential. Polyaniline@Au nanocrystals (PANI@AuNPs) as the executor of the dual-mechanism quenching strategy were used to reduce the output signal. The quenching efficiency was significantly enhanced by the dual mechanisms of ECL energy transfer and electron transfer. Specifically, PANI@AuNPs can serve as an energy receptor to absorb the energy emitted by POM-ZrO2 (energy donor), while the appropriate energy level can be regarded as the condition for electron transfer to quench the ECL intensity of POM-ZrO2. Herein, the proposed dual-mechanism quenching strategy was applied to the immunoassay of 17β-estradiol by constructing a competitive immunosensor. As expected, the immunosensor demonstrated favorable analytical performance and a wide sensing range from 0.01 pg/mL to 200 ng/mL. Hence, it provides a novel method for the sensitive analysis of other biomolecules, such as disease markers and environmental estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Guanhui Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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