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Liu L, Fan W, Zhang H, Fan L, Mei Y, Wang Z, Li L, Yang L, Wang Z. A versatile economic strategy by HPLC-CAD for quantification of structurally diverse markers in quality control of Shengmai Formula from raw materials to preparations. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155625. [PMID: 38692077 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shengmai Formula (SMF), a classic formula in treating Qi-Yin deficiency, is composed of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra (GRR), Ophiopogon Radix (OR), and Schisandra chinensis Fructus (SC), and has been developed into various dosage forms including Shengmai Yin Oral Liquid (SMY), Shengmai Capsules (SMC), and Shengmai Injection (SMI). The pharmacological effects of compound Chinese medicine are attributed to the integration of multiple components. Yet the quality criteria of SMF are limited to monitoring schisandrol A or ginsenosides Rg1 and Re, but none for OR. Since the complexity of raw materials and preparations, establishing a economical and unified method for SMF is challenging. It is urgent to simultaneously quantify multiple components with different structures using a universal method for quality control of SMF. Charged aerosol detector (CAD) overcame the above shortcomings owing to its characteristics of high responsiveness, nondiscrimination, and low cost. PURPOSE We aimed to establish a versatile analysis strategy using HPLC-CAD for simultaneously quantifying the structurally diverse markers in quality control of SMF from raw materials to preparations. METHOD By optimizing the column, mobile phase, column temperature, flow rate, and CAD parameters, a HPLC-CAD method that integrated multi-component characterization, authenticity identification, transfer information of raw materials and quantitative determination of Shengmai preparations was established. RESULTS In total 50 components from SMF were characterized (28 in GRR, 13 in SC, and 9 in OR). The differences in raw materials between species of SC and Schisandrae sphenantherae Fructus (SS), processing methods of Ginseng Radix (GR) and GRR, and locations of OR from Sichuan (ORS) and Zhejiang (ORZ) were compared. Fourteen components in 19 batches of SMY, SMC and SMI from different manufacturers were quantified, including 11 ginsenosides and 3 lignans. The multivariate statistical analysis results further suggested that Rb1, Rg1 and Ro were the main differences among Shengmai preparations. CONCLUSION The established versatile analysis strategy based on HPLC-CAD was proven sensitive, simple, convenient, overcoming the discriminatory effect of UV detector, revealing the composition and transfer information of SMF and applicable for authentication of the ingredient herbs and improving the quality of Shengmai preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linhong Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuqi Mei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Rutz A, Wolfender JL. Automated Composition Assessment of Natural Extracts: Untargeted Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolite Profiling Integrating Semiquantitative Detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18010-18023. [PMID: 37949451 PMCID: PMC10683005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling allow unprecedented qualitative coverage of complex biological extract composition. However, the electrospray ionization used in metabolite profiling generates multiple artifactual signals for a single analyte. This leads to thousands of signals per analysis without satisfactory means of filtering those corresponding to abundant constituents. Generic approaches are therefore needed for the qualitative and quantitative annotation of a broad range of relevant constituents. For this, we used an analytical platform combining liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with Charged Aerosol Detection (CAD). We established a generic metabolite profiling for the concomitant recording of qualitative MS data and semiquantitative CAD profiles. The MS features (recorded in high-resolution tandem MS) are grouped and annotated using state-of-the-art tools. To efficiently attribute features to their corresponding extracted and integrated CAD peaks, a custom signal pretreatment and peak-shape comparison workflow is built. This strategy allows us to automatically contextualize features at both major and minor metabolome levels, together with a detailed reporting of their annotation including relevant orthogonal information (taxonomy, retention time). Signals not attributed to CAD peaks are considered minor metabolites. Results are illustrated on an ethanolic extract of Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H. Karst., a bitter plant of industrial interest, exhibiting the typical complexity of plant extracts as a proof of concept. This generic qualitative and quantitative approach paves the way to automatically assess the composition of single natural extracts of interest or broader collections, thus facilitating new ingredient registrations or natural-extracts-based drug discovery campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Rutz
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute
of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Gao J, Wang F, Zhu B, Li P, Wang Z, Wang J. Universal response method for accurate quantitative analysis of the impurities in quinolone antibiotics using liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and charged aerosol detector. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464412. [PMID: 37757529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
HPLC method is the standard method for the separation and quantification of impurities from quinolone antibiotics. However, due to the large differences in the UV absorption of the impurities in quinolone antibiotics, quantitative analysis without the availability of corresponding reference substances currently poses a challenge. A sensitive and direct method using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and charged aerosol detector (HPLC-DAD-CAD) was developed for the analysis of impurities in quinolone antibiotics. The chromatographic conditions were optimized for good separation and output signal of CAD detector by response surface method (RSM). The systematic variation of CAD parameter settings, such as nebulization temperature, filter constant and power function value (PFV), were used to study the effect of on the detector response of signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) and linearity for ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and their impurities. In the method validation, good linearity of each component was obtained with coefficient of determination (r) greater than 0.999 in the range of 0.5-300 μg mL-1. The average recoveries of each component were 99.02-102.39 % by DAD, were 98.22-101.91 % by CAD, RSDs were less than 2.5 % for intra-day and inter-day precision by DAD-CAD, with good precision and accuracy. The correction factor experimental results showed that the developed method provided a uniform response to the impurities with differences chromophores and could unbiasedly and directly detect the impurities in quinolone antibiotics. The method is first reported application of HPLC-DAD-CAD method for the analysis of impurities in quinolone antibiotics and it can be used for quality control of quinolone antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Gao
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Bingqi Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ping Li
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration & Key Laboratory of Drug Contacting Materials Quality Control of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China.
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Jones M, Goodyear RL. High-Throughput Purification in Drug Discovery: Scaling New Heights of Productivity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:916-919. [PMID: 37465307 PMCID: PMC10351054 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
With the "low hanging fruit" of early drug discovery gone, pharmaceutical companies are increasingly turning to developing high-throughput synthetic platforms capable of greatly shortening the design-make-test cycle of new drugs. Purification has long been considered the bottleneck of this procedure; however, new technologies and systems are now being integrated into these high-throughput synthetic workflows, providing compounds of high purity capable of being used directly in biological screening.
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Zhai Y, Li G, Peng K, Ge Z, Zhang W, Li D. Less Configuration and More Dimensionality: Preparative Heart-Cut Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Based on Trapping Arrays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16997-17002. [PMID: 36453024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The resolving power of multiple dimensional liquid chromatography (mD-LC) is multiplicative as it adds dimensions. However, the issue in creating a preparative mD-LC system is that the higher the dimensionality, the more complicated the system configuration. Thus, we presented a new configuration of preparative mD-LC using one set of LC modules and trapping array-based multiple heart-cut interfaces. A preparative two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) separation of herbal medicine formulation produced 40 compounds with a purity of >90%. During the separation process, the interface stores the fractions and allocates positions for the fractions from a different dimension; LC draws the fraction from the interface, makes nD separation, and sends isolated fractions to the interface. By repeating this process, we achieved variable dimensionality of LC separations. We also presented a preparative 3D-LC separation of herbal medicines to validate the principle of "less configuration and more dimensionality". Thus, we can explore the higher dimensional preparative separations. The developed preparative mD-LC displayed exceptional power in the isolation of various compounds and has great potential in the application of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Peng
- Soochow High Tech Chromatography Co., Ltd., Suzhou 2151213, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaosong Ge
- Soochow High Tech Chromatography Co., Ltd., Suzhou 2151213, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Duxin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.,Soochow High Tech Chromatography Co., Ltd., Suzhou 2151213, People's Republic of China
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Xiang H, Xu P, Qiu H, Wen W, Zhang A, Tong S. Two-dimensional chromatography in screening of bioactive components from natural products. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:1161-1176. [PMID: 35934878 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Screening and analysis of bioactive components from natural products is a fundamental part of new drug development and innovation. Two-dimensional (2D) chromatography has been demonstrated to be an effective method for screening and preparation of specific bioactive components from complex natural products. OBJECTIVE To collect details of application of 2D chromatography in screening of natural product bioactive components and to outline the research progress of different separation mechanisms and strategies. METHODOLOGY Three screening strategies based on 2D chromatography are reviewed, including traditional separation-based screening, bioactivity-guided screening and affinity chromatography-based screening. Meanwhile, in order to cover these aspects, selections of different separation mechanisms and modes are also presented. RESULTS Compared with traditional one-dimensional (1D) chromatography, 2D chromatography has unique advantages in terms of peak capacity and resolution, and it is more effective for screening and identifying bioactive components of complex natural products. CONCLUSION Screening of natural bioactive components using 2D chromatography helps separation and analysis of complex samples with greater targeting and relevance, which is very important for development of innovative drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Ping Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Ailian Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
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