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Głosz K, Fabin M, Janasik P, Kołodziej W, Stolarczyk A, Jarosz T. The Failure of Molecular Imprinting in Conducting Polymers: A Case Study of Imprinting Picric Acid on Polycarbazole. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:424. [PMID: 38257519 PMCID: PMC11154421 DOI: 10.3390/s24020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the potential of utilising molecularly imprinted polycarbazole layers to detect highly toxic picric acid (PA) and to provide information about their performance. Quantum chemical calculations showed that strong interactions occur between PA and carbazole (bond energy of approximately 31 kJ/mol), consistent with the theoretical requirements for effective molecular imprinting. The performance of the sensors, however, was found to be highly limited, with the observed imprinting factor values for polycarbazole (PCz) layers being 1.77 and 0.95 for layers deposited on Pt and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, respectively. Moreover, the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layers showed worse performance than unmodified Pt or GC electrodes, for which the lowest limit of detection (LOD) values were determined (LOD values of 0.09 mM and 0.26 mM, respectively, for bare Pt and MIP PCz/Pt, as well as values of 0.11 mM and 0.57 mM for bare GC and MIP PCz/GC). The MIP layers also showed limited selectivity and susceptibility to interfering agents. An initial hypothesis on the reasons for such performance was postulated based on the common properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Głosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.F.); (P.J.)
| | - Magdalena Fabin
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.F.); (P.J.)
| | - Patryk Janasik
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.F.); (P.J.)
| | - Weronika Kołodziej
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Stolarczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.F.); (P.J.)
| | - Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (K.G.); (M.F.); (P.J.)
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Yang Z, Cao B, An X, Yu Z, Zhao W, Su F, Guan G, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Ye B. Fabrication of nitrogen-carbon mediated γ-Mo 2N nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for rapid and sensitive determination of antioxidant 6-PPD in the environment. Talanta 2024; 266:125072. [PMID: 37597339 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive determination of antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-henylenediamine (6-PPD) in the environment is crucial for early intervention to prevent its adverse effects. Here, a reliable electrochemical sensor based on a N-C mediated γ-Mo2N nanocomposite (γ-Mo2N@N-C) modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed and applied for selective and sensitive determination of 6-PPD. Benefiting from the superior stability and faster electron diffusion coefficient, the peak current responded to 6-PPD on the sensor linearly over a concentration range from 5 × 10-8 mol L-1 to 1.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 with a detection limit of 1.67 × 10-8 mol L-1 (4.48 ng mL-1). Moreover, the sensor maintained good anti-interference ability in the determination of 6-PPD in soil samples from different regions in Zhengzhou City. Furthermore, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with kinetics analysis proved that the enhanced basicity of the γ-Mo2N@N-C facilitated the deprotonation of 6-PPD, with the preferred orientation facet of (200) in γ-Mo2N playing a vital role in inducing the dissociation of 6-PPD, thereby improving the sensor's response. Such an electrochemical sensor, with its good stability and superior sensitivity, has the potential to be applied for real-time evaluation and monitoring of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeying Yang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Boyong Cao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaowei An
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zhongliang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao, 334001, China
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Fangcheng Su
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Guoqing Guan
- Laboratory of Energy Conversion Engineering, Institute of Regional Innovation, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Zhengkun Xie
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Baoxian Ye
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Kexue Avenue 100, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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Shi W, Wang Y. Fluorescent Photoelectric Detection of Peroxide Explosives Based on a Time Series Similarity Measurement Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8264. [PMID: 37837094 PMCID: PMC10575408 DOI: 10.3390/s23198264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the characteristics of peroxide explosives, which are difficult to detect via conventional detection methods and have high explosive power, a fluorescent photoelectric detection system based on fluorescence detection technology was designed in this study to achieve the high-sensitivity detection of trace peroxide explosives in practical applications. Through actual measurement experiments and numerical simulation methods, the derivative dynamic time warping (DDTW) algorithm and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used to calculate the DDTW-Spearman distance to achieve time series correlation measurements. The detection sensitivity of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and H2O2 was studied, and the detection of organic substances of acetone, acetylene, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether was carried out. The stability and specific detection ability of the fluorescent photoelectric detection system were determined. The research results showed that the fluorescence photoelectric detection system can effectively identify the detection data of TATP, H2O2, acetone, acetonitrile, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. The detection limit of 0.01 mg/mL of TATP and 0.0046 mg/mL of H2O2 was less than 10 ppb. The time series similarity measurement method improves the analytical capabilities of fluorescence photoelectric detection technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yabin Wang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
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Wang W, Li H, Huang W, Chen C, Xu C, Ruan H, Li B, Li H. Recent development and trends in the detection of peroxide-based explosives. Talanta 2023; 264:124763. [PMID: 37290336 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxide-based explosives (PBEs) are increasingly common in criminal and terrorist activity due to their easy synthesis and high explosive power. The rise in terrorist attacks involving PBEs has heightened the importance of detecting trace amounts of explosive residue or vapors. This paper aims to provide a review on the developments of techniques and instruments for detecting PBEs over the past ten years, specifically discussing advancements in ion mobility spectrometry, ambient mass spectrometry, fluorescence techniques, colorimetric methods, and electrochemical methods. We provide examples to illustrate their evolution and focus on new strategies for improving detection performance, specifically in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, high-throughput, and wide explosives coverage. Finally, we discuss future prospects for PBE detection. It is hoped this treatment will serve as a guide to the novitiate and as aid memoire to the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China; Jinkai Instrument (Dalian) Company Limited, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Yunnan Police Officer Academy, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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