1
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Bertazioli D, Piazza M, Carlomagno C, Gualerzi A, Bedoni M, Messina E. An integrated computational pipeline for machine learning-driven diagnosis based on Raman spectra of saliva samples. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108028. [PMID: 38335817 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Raman Spectroscopy promises the ability to encode in spectral data the significant differences between biological samples belonging to patients affected by a disease and samples of healthy patients (controls). However, the decoding and interpretation of the Raman spectral fingerprint is still a difficult and time-consuming procedure even for domain experts. In this work, we test an end-to-end deep-learning diagnostic pipeline able to classify spectral data from saliva samples. The pipeline has been validated against the SARS-COV-2 Infection and for the screening of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The proposed system can be used for the fast prototyping of promising non-invasive, cost and time-efficient diagnostic screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bertazioli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Viale Sarca 336, Milan, 20126, Italy
| | - Marco Piazza
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Viale Sarca 336, Milan, 20126, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Carlomagno
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONL US, Via Capecelatro 66, Milan, 20148, Italy
| | - Alice Gualerzi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONL US, Via Capecelatro 66, Milan, 20148, Italy
| | - Marzia Bedoni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONL US, Via Capecelatro 66, Milan, 20148, Italy
| | - Enza Messina
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Viale Sarca 336, Milan, 20126, Italy
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2
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Zhao Y, Gan Y, Chen J, Zheng H, Chang Y, Lin C. Recent reports on the sensing strategy and the On-site detection of illegal drugs. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6917-6929. [PMID: 38410368 PMCID: PMC10895702 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, works on the on-site detection of illegal drugs in recent years are summarised and discussed, most of which were published within the past five years. The detection methods are categorised as colourimetric, fluorescence, Raman spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry. Also, strategies that are possibly suitable for on-site detection and the actual instrumentation to be used in the field are listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security P.R.C. No. 18 Dongbeiwang West Road, Haidian District 100193 Beijing China
- Institute of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Public Security No. 17 Muxidi Nanli, West City District 100038 Beijing China
| | - Yumeng Gan
- Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University 9 Zengcuoan West Road 361005 Xiamen China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface Xiamen China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security P.R.C. No. 18 Dongbeiwang West Road, Haidian District 100193 Beijing China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security P.R.C. No. 18 Dongbeiwang West Road, Haidian District 100193 Beijing China
| | - Ying Chang
- Institute of Forensic Science of the Ministry of Public Security No. 17 Muxidi Nanli, West City District 100038 Beijing China
| | - Changxu Lin
- Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University 9 Zengcuoan West Road 361005 Xiamen China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface Xiamen China
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3
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Hardy M, Goldberg Oppenheimer P. 'When is a hotspot a good nanospot' - review of analytical and hotspot-dominated surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy nanoplatforms. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3293-3323. [PMID: 38273798 PMCID: PMC10868661 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05332f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Substrate development in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) continues to attract research interest. In order to determine performance metrics, researchers in foundational SERS studies use a variety of experimental means to characterize the nature of substrates. However, often this process would appear to be performed indiscriminately without consideration for the physical scale of the enhancement phenomena. Herein, we differentiate between SERS substrates whose primary enhancing structures are on the hundreds of nanometer scale (analytical SERS nanosubstrates) and those whose main mechanism derives from nanometric-sized gaps (hot-spot dominated SERS substrates), assessing the utility of various characterization methods for each substrate class. In this context, characterization approaches in white-light spectroscopy, electron beam methods, and scanning probe spectroscopies are reviewed. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, wavelength-scanned SERS studies, and the impact of surface hydrophobicity are also discussed. Conclusions are thus drawn on the applicability of each characterization technique regarding amenability for SERS experiments that have features at different length scales. For instance, while white light spectroscopy can provide an indication of the plasmon resonances associated with 10 s-100 s nm-scale structures, it may not reveal information about finer surface texturing on the true nm-scale, critical for SERS' sensitivity, and in need of investigation via scanning probe techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Hardy
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK.
| | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
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4
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Ye ZH, Chen XT, Zhu HY, Liu XQ, Deng WH, Song W, Li DX, Hou RY, Cai HM, Peng CY. Aggregating-agent-assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy–based detection of acrylamide in fried foods: A case study with potato chips. Food Chem 2023; 403:134377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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5
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Methamphetamine detection using nanoparticle-based biosensors: A comprehensive review. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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6
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Liu C, Xu D, Dong X, Huang Q. A review: Research progress of SERS-based sensors for agricultural applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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7
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Abdelghany A, Yamasaki K, Ichikawa Y, Motosuke M. Efficient nanoparticle focusing utilizing cascade AC electroosmotic flow. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1755-1764. [PMID: 35736538 PMCID: PMC9545728 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study presents on‐chip continuous accumulation and concentration of nanoscale samples using a cascade alternating current electroosmosis (cACEO) flow. ACEO can generate flow motion caused by ion movement due to interactions between the AC electric field and the induced charge layer on the electrode surface, with the potential to accumulate particles, especially in low‐conductive liquid. However, the intrinsic particle diffusive motion, which is sensitive to particle size, is an essential element influencing accumulation efficiency. In this study, an electrode combining chevron and double‐gap geometry embedded in a microfluidic channel was developed to perform efficient three‐dimensional (3D) nanoparticle focusing using ACEO. The chevron electrode pattern was introduced upstream of the focusing zone to overcome particle accumulation in scattering zones near the channel sidewall. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed device for particle accumulation, three nanoparticle types were used: latex, metal, and biomaterial. Continuous 3D concentration of 50‐nm polystyrene particles was confirmed. The concentration factor, determined based on image processing, became quite high when 50‐nm gold nanoparticles were used. Moreover, nanoparticles with a 20‐nm diameter were accumulated using cACEO. Finally, we used the concentrator chip to accumulate 50‐nm liposome particles, confirming that the device could also successfully concentrate biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelghany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamasaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Ichikawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan
- Water Frontier Research Center Research Institute for Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Motosuke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan
- Water Frontier Research Center Research Institute for Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan
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8
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Toppo AL, Jujjavarapu SE. New insights for integration of nano particle with microfluidic systems for sensor applications. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:13. [PMID: 35171352 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00598-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A biosensor is a compact device, which utilizes biological derived recognition component, immobilized on a transducer to analyze an analyte. Nanoparticles with their unique chemical and physical properties are versatile in their applications to develop as sensors. Different nanoparticles play different roles in the sensing systems like metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The application of Gold, Silver and Copper nanoparticles will be discussed in brief. The nanoparticles typically function as substrates for immobilization of biomolecules, as catalytic agent, electron transfer agent between electrode surface and the biomolecules, and as reactants. Microfluidic deals with manipulating very small volumes of fluids (micro and nanoliters). This miniaturized platform enhances control of flow conditions and mixing rate of fluids. The microfluidics improves the sensitivity of the analysis, and reduces the volumes of sample and reagent in the analysis. The review specifically aims at representing microfluidics-based sensors and nanoparticle based sensors. This review will also focus on probable merger of these two fields to take advantage of both the fields and this will help in pushing the boundaries of these fields further more.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Toppo
- Deparment of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - S E Jujjavarapu
- Deparment of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India.
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9
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Dragan AM, Parrilla M, Feier B, Oprean R, Cristea C, De Wael K. Analytical techniques for the detection of amphetamine-type substances in different matrices: A comprehensive review. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Wilson NG, Khademi M, Docoslis A. Electrochemically deposited silver nanostructures for use as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (
SERS
) substrates in point‐of‐need diagnostic devices. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Wilson
- QuSENS Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
- Faculty of Medicine The University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Mahmoud Khademi
- QuSENS Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Aristides Docoslis
- QuSENS Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
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11
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Tiribocchi A, Montessori A, Lauricella M, Bonaccorso F, Brown KA, Succi S. Microscale modelling of dielectrophoresis assembly processes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2021; 379:20200407. [PMID: 34455845 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a microscale approach for simulating the dielectrophoresis assembly of polarizable particles under an external electric field. The model is shown to capture interesting dynamical and topological features, such as the formation of chains of particles and their incipient aggregation into hierarchical structures. A quantitative characterization in terms of the number and size of these structures is also discussed. This computational model could represent a viable numerical tool to study the mechanical properties of particle-based hierarchical materials and suggest new strategies for enhancing their design and manufacture. This article is part of the theme issue 'Progress in mesoscale methods for fluid dynamics simulation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiribocchi
- Center for Life Nano Science@La Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini, 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A Montessori
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini, 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M Lauricella
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini, 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F Bonaccorso
- Center for Life Nano Science@La Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini, 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics and INFN, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - K A Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - S Succi
- Center for Life Nano Science@La Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini, 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute for Applied Computational Science, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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12
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Khorablou Z, Shahdost-Fard F, Razmi H, Yola ML, Karimi-Maleh H. Recent advances in developing optical and electrochemical sensors for analysis of methamphetamine: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130393. [PMID: 33823350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of misused stimulant drugs has always been a hot topic from a medical and judicial perspective. Methamphetamine (MAMP) is an addictive and illegal drug that profoundly affects the central nervous system. Like other illicit drugs, the detection of MAMP in biological and street samples is vital for several organizations such as forensic medicine, anti-drug headquarters and diagnostic clinics. By emerging nanotechnology and exploiting nanomaterials in sensing applications, a great deal of attention has been given to the design of analytical sensors in MAMP tracing. For the first time, this study has briefly reviewed all the optical and electrochemical sensors in MAMP detection from earlier so far. How various receptors with engineering nanomaterials allow developing novel approaches to measure MAMP have been studied. Fundamental concepts related to optical and electrochemical recognition assays in which nanomaterials have been used and relevant MAMP sensing applications have been comprehensively covered. Challenges, opportunities and future outlooks of this field have also been discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Khorablou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, PO BOX 53714-161, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Habib Razmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, PO BOX 53714-161, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehmet Lütfi Yola
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Enviroment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, PR China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, 9477177870, Iran; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, 2028, Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, South Africa.
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13
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Huang TY, Yu JCC. Development of Crime Scene Intelligence Using a Hand-Held Raman Spectrometer and Transfer Learning. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8889-8896. [PMID: 34134486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The classification of ignitable liquids, such as gasoline, is critical crime scene intelligence to assist arson investigations. Rapid field gasoline classification is challenging because the current forensic testing standard requires gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of evidence in an accredited laboratory. In this work, we reported a new intelligent analytical platform for field identification and classification of gasoline evidence. A hand-held Raman spectrometer was utilized to collect Raman spectra of reference gasoline samples with various octane numbers. The Raman spectrum pattern was converted into image presentations by continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) to facilitate artificial intelligence development using the transfer learning technique. GoogLeNet, a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN), was adapted to train the classification model. Six different classification models were also developed from the same data set using conventional machine learning algorithms to evaluate the performance of our new approach. The experimental results indicated that the pretrained CNN model developed by our new data workflow outperformed other models in several performance benchmarks, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1, Cohen's Kappa, and Matthews correlation coefficient. When the transfer learning model was challenged with the data collected from weathered gasoline samples, the classifier could still offer 73 and 53% accuracy for 50 and 25% weathered gasoline samples, respectively. In conclusion, wavelet transforms combined with transfer learning successfully processed and classified complex Raman spectral data without feature engineering. We envision that this nondestructive, automated, and accurate platform will accelerate crime scene intelligence development based on evidence's chemical signatures detected by hand-held Raman spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Huang
- Department of Forensic Science, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77340, United States
| | - Jorn Chi Chung Yu
- Department of Forensic Science, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77340, United States
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14
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Yoo D, Barik A, de León-Pérez F, Mohr DA, Pelton M, Martín-Moreno L, Oh SH. Plasmonic Split-Trench Resonator for Trapping and Sensing. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6669-6677. [PMID: 33789040 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
On-chip integration of plasmonics and electronics can benefit a broad range of applications in biosensing, signal processing, and optoelectronics. A key requirement is a chip-scale manufacturing method. Here, we demonstrate a split-trench resonator platform that combines a high-quality-factor resonant plasmonic biosensor with radio frequency (RF) nanogap tweezers. The split-trench resonator can simultaneously serve as a dielectrophoretic trap and a nanoplasmonic sensor. Trapping is accomplished by applying an RF electrical bias across a 10 nm gap, thereby either attracting or repelling analytes. Trapped analytes are detected in a label-free manner using refractive-index sensing, enabled by interference between surface-plasmon standing waves in the trench and light transmitted through the gap. This active sample concentration mechanism enables detection of nanoparticles and proteins at a concentration as low as 10 pM. We can manufacture centimeter-long split-trench cavity resonators with high throughput via photolithography and atomic layer deposition, toward practical applications in biosensing, spectroscopy, and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehan Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Avijit Barik
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Fernando de León-Pérez
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel A Mohr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Luis Martín-Moreno
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) and Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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15
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Liu W, Tao Y, Xue R, Song C, Wu Q, Ren Y. Continuous-Flow Nanoparticle Trapping Driven by Hybrid Electrokinetics in Microfluidics. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:939-949. [PMID: 32705697 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We introduce herein an efficient microfluidic approach for continuous transport and localized collection of nanoparticles via hybrid electrokinetics, which delicately combines linear and nonlinear electrokinetics driven by a composite DC-biased AC voltage signal. The proposed technique utilizes a simple geometrical structure, in which one or a series of metal strips serving as floating electrode (FE) are attached to the substrate surface and arranged in parallel between a pair of coplanar driving electrodes (DE) in a straight microchannel. On application of a DC-biased AC electric field across the channel, nanoparticles can be transported continuously by DC bulk electroosmotic flow, and then trapped selectively onto the metal strips due to AC-field induced-charge electrokinetic (ICEK) phenomenon, which behaves as counter-rotating micro-vortices around the ideally polarizable surfaces of FE. Finite-element simulation is carried out by coupling the dual-frequency electric field, flow field and sample mass transfer in sequence, for guiding a practical design of the microfluidic nanoparticle concentrator. With the optimal device geometry, the actual performance of the technique is investigated with respect to DC bias, AC voltage amplitude, and field frequency by using both latex nanospheres (∼500 nm) and BSA molecules (∼10 nm). Our experimental observation indicates nanoparticles are always enriched into a narrow bright band on the surface of each FE, and a horizontal concentration gradient even emerges in the presence of multiple metal strips, which therefore permits localized analyte enrichment. The proposed trapping method is supposed to guide an elaborate design of flexible electrokinetic frameworks embedding FE for continuous-flow analyte manipulation in modern microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Liu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xue
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Song
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Wu
- School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle-Section of Nan'er Huan Road, Xi'an, 710064, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-Zhi Street 92, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
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16
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Xia L, Li G. Recent progress of microfluidics in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1752-1768. [PMID: 33630352 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a significant analytical tool capable of fingerprint identification of molecule in a rapid and ultrasensitive manner. However, it is still hard to meet the requirements of practical sample analysis. The introduction of microfluidics can effectively enhance the performance of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in complex sample analysis including reproducibility, selectivity, sensitivity, and speed. This review summarizes the recent progress of microfluidics in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis through four combination approaches. First, microfluidic synthetic techniques offer uniform nano-/microparticle fabrication approaches for reproductive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis. Second, the integration of microchip and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic substrate provides advanced devices for sensitive and efficient detection. Third, microfluidic sample preparations enable rapid separation and preconcentration of analyte prior to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection. Fourth, highly integrated microfluidic devices can be employed to realize multistep surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis containing material fabrication, sample preparation, and detection processes. Furthermore, the challenges and outlooks of the application of microfluidics in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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17
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Nanogap dielectrophoresis combined with buffer exchange for detecting protein binding to trapped bioparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Li R, Gui B, Mao H, Yang Y, Chen D, Xiong J. Self-Concentrated Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Active Droplet Sensor with Three-Dimensional Hot Spots for Highly Sensitive Molecular Detection in Complex Liquid Environments. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3420-3431. [PMID: 32929960 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active droplet with three-dimensional (3D) hot spots prepared from a superhydrophobic SERS substrate, which is inspired by the nut wizard strategy, was developed for ultrasensitive detection in complex liquid environments. The SERS substrate was composed of silver-capped parylene C-coated carbon nanoparticles (Ag-PC@CNPs). Such a SERS substrate was prepared by candle-soot deposition to provide a porous carbon nanoparticle layer followed by deposition of a parylene C film to protect the CNPs and then sputtering of silver nanoparticles. Similar to a nut wizard, a droplet rolling on the Ag-PC@CNP-coated substrate picked up the Ag-PC@CNPs. In this way, a self-concentrated and extremely sensitive SERS-active droplet sensor with 3D hot spots was formed. The sensor did not require precise laser focusing and showed relatively high repeatability and much higher sensitivity than those of a corresponding SERS substrate with two-dimensional hot spots. The sensor also achieved high sensitivity and specificity in complex liquid environments; in addition, bovine serum albumin with a concentration as low as 1 pM can be achieved. Consequently, an extremely simple, flexible, and highly sensitive SERS detection technique applicable to liquid biopsy analysis is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P.R. China
| | - Bo Gui
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Mao
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
- Advanced Sensing Department, Wuxi Internet of Things Innovation Center Co. Ltd., Wuxi 214001, P.R. China
| | - Yudong Yang
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
- Advanced Sensing Department, Wuxi Internet of Things Innovation Center Co. Ltd., Wuxi 214001, P.R. China
| | - Jijun Xiong
- National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P.R. China
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19
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Cao W, Brown KA. Theory for hierarchical assembly with dielectrophoresis and the role of particle anisotropy. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:635-643. [PMID: 33058177 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nonuniform electric fields cause polarizable particles to move through an effect known as dielectrophoresis (DEP). Additionally, the particles themselves create nonuniform fields due to their induced dipoles. When the nonuniform field of one particle causes another to move, it represents a path to hierarchical assembly termed mutual DEP (mDEP). Anisotropic particles potentially provide further opportunities for assembly through intense and intricate local field profiles. Here, we construct a theoretical framework for describing anisotropic particles as templates for assembly through mDEP by considering the motion of small nanoparticles near larger anisotropic nanoparticles. Using finite element analysis, we study eight particle shapes and compute their field enhancement and polarizability in an orientation-specific manner. Strikingly, we find a more than tenfold enhancement in the field near certain particle shapes, potentially promoting mDEP. To more directly relate the field intensity to the anticipated assembly outcome, we compute the volume experiencing each field enhancement versus particle shape and orientation. Finally, we provide a framework for predicting how mixtures of two distinct particle species will begin to assemble in a manner that allows for the identification of conditions that kinetically bias assembly toward specific hierarchical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Jing L, Moloney MG, Xu H, Liu L, Sun W, Li J, Yang P. Carbene modification and reversible crosslinking of silver nanoparticles for controlled antibacterial activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14937. [PMID: 32913281 PMCID: PMC7484751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) system capable of exhibiting different particle size at different temperature was developed, which depended on the extent of Diels-Alder (DA) reaction of bismaleimide with furan. Thus, Ag NPs were functionalized on the surface by a furyl-substituted carbene through an insertion reaction. Subsequent reversible DA crosslinking achieved a controlled aggregation with different particle size, which gives a series of different antibacterial activity. These Ag NPs were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Nanoparticle Size Analyzer. The aggregation of the Ag NPs could be reliably adjusted by varying the temperature of DA/reverse-DA reaction. The antibacterial activity was assessed using the inhibition zone method against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which decreased first and then increased in agreement with the size evolution of Ag NPs. This approach opens a new horizon for the carbene chemistry to modify silver nanoparticles with variable size and give controlled antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Jing
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark G Moloney
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China.
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21
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A Numerical Investigation of Enhancing Microfluidic Heterogeneous Immunoassay on Bipolar Electrodes Driven by Induced-Charge Electroosmosis in Rotating Electric Fields. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11080739. [PMID: 32751505 PMCID: PMC7463963 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A unique approach is proposed to boost on-chip immuno-sensors, for instance, immunoassays, wherein an antibody immobilized on the walls of a microfluidic channel binds specifically to an antigen suspended freely within a working fluid. The performance of these sensors can be limited in both susceptibility and response speed by the slow diffusive mass transfer of the analyte to the binding surface. Under appropriate conditions, the binding reaction of these heterogeneous immuno-assays may be enhanced by electroconvective stirring driven by external AC electric fields to accelerate the translating motion of antigens towards immobilized antibodies. To be specific, the phenomenon of induced-charge electroosmosis in a rotating electric field (ROT-ICEO) is fully utilized to stir analyte in the vicinity of the functionalized surface of an ideally polarizable floating electrode in all directions inside a tri-dimensional space. ROT-ICEO appears as a consequence of the action of a circularly-polarized traveling wave signal on its own induced rotary Debye screening charge within a bipolar induced double layer formed on the central floating electrode, and thereby the pertinent electrokinetic streamlines exhibit a radially converging pattern that greatly facilitates the convective transport of receptor towards the ligand. Numerical simulations indicate that ROT-ICEO can enhance the antigen–antibody binding reaction more effectively than convectional nonlinear electroosmosis driven by standing wave AC signals. The effectiveness of ROT-ICEO micro-stirring is strongly dependent on the Damkohler number as well as the Peclet number if the antigens are carried by a continuous base flow. Our results provide a promising way for achieving a highly efficient heterogeneous immunoassay in modern micro-total-analytical systems.
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22
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Raveendran J, Docoslis A. Portable surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis performed with microelectrode-templated silver nanodendrites. Analyst 2020; 145:4467-4476. [PMID: 32388541 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00484g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Using a handheld Raman spectrometer, we demonstrate how silver nanodendritic substrates formed on microelectrode platforms can be used for ultrasensitive detection of target analytes, such as cocaine and melamine. The nanostructured substrates are formed through the electrochemical deposition of silver on electrically insulated silicon substrates with the aid of an alternating current (AC) signal applied to the microelectrodes. A nanostructure lateral growth rate of 8.90 ± 0.19 μm min-1 was achieved by implementing a semi-batch process that kept the reactant concentrations high during silver deposition. This facile process can be used with different microelectrode designs, thus allowing for customizable SERS substrates. Compared with a commercially available benchmark, our surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates were found to be at least twice more sensitive. Moreover, by applying multivariate analysis, specifically principal component analysis and linear classification models, the pesticide thiram was identified at 1 ppm with 100% accuracy in spiked apple juice without sample pre-processing. Our technique provides the means for combining microelectrode platforms with SERS for portable, point-of-care sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Raveendran
- QuSENS Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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23
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Lussier F, Thibault V, Charron B, Wallace GQ, Masson JF. Deep learning and artificial intelligence methods for Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Kaushal S, Nanda SS, Samal S, Yi DK. Strategies for the Development of Metallic‐Nanoparticle‐Based Label‐Free Biosensors and Their Biomedical Applications. Chembiochem 2019; 21:576-600. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaushal
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Myong Ji Road 116 17058 Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Sitansu Sekhar Nanda
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Myong Ji Road 116 17058 Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Shashadhar Samal
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringGIST 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro Buk-gu 61005 Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Myong Ji Road 116 17058 Yongin Republic of Korea
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25
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Potential analytical methods for on-site oral drug test: Recent developments and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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26
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Salemmilani R, Moskovits M, Meinhart CD. Microfluidic analysis of fentanyl-laced heroin samples by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in a hydrophobic medium. Analyst 2019; 144:3080-3087. [PMID: 30919846 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Opioid overdose deaths resulting from heroin contaminated with the potent opioid agonist fentanyl, are currently a serious public health issue. A rapid and reliable method for identifying fentanyl-laced heroin could lead to reduced opioid overdose. Herein, we describe a strategy for detecting fentanyl at low concentrations in the presence of heroin, based on the significant hydrophobicity of fentanyl compared to heroin hydrochloride, by preferentially extracting trace concentrations of fentanyl using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction using octanol as the extracting phase. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), is enabled by exposing the analyte to silver nanoparticle-coated SiO2 nanoparticles, designed to be stable in mixtures of octanol and ethanol. The sample is then loaded into an SU8/glass microfluidic device that is compatible with non-aqueous solutions. The SERS-active nanoparticles are aggregated by dielectrophoresis using microelectrodes embedded in the microfluidic channels, and the nanoparticle aggregates are interrogated using Raman spectroscopy. Using this method, we were able to reliably detect fentanyl from samples with as low as 1 : 10 000 (mol/mol) fentanyl-to-heroin ratio, improving the limits of detection of fentanyl-laced heroin samples by two orders of magnitude over current techniques. The described system could also be useful in chemical detection where rapid and robust preconcentration of trace hydrophobic analytes, and rapid SERS detection in non-aqueous solvents is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Salemmilani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Carl D Meinhart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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27
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Salemmilani R, Mirsafavi RY, Fountain AW, Moskovits M, Meinhart CD. Quantitative surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy chemical analysis using citrate as an in situ calibrant. Analyst 2019; 144:1818-1824. [PMID: 30672922 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Direct detection, or inferring the presence of illicit substances, is of great forensic and toxicological value. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been shown capable of detecting such molecules in a quick and sensitive manner. Herein we describe an analysis strategy for quantitation of low concentrations of three analytes (methamphetamine, cocaine, and papaverine) by SERS analysis using the citrate capping agent that initially saturates the silver nanoparticles' surface as an in situ standard. The citrate is subsequently displaced by the analyte to an extent dependent on the analyte's concentration in the analyte solution. A general model for the competitive adsorption of citrate and a target analyte was developed and used to determine the relative concentrations of the two species coexisting on the surface of the silver nanoparticles. To apply this model, classical least squares (CLS) was used to extract the relative SERS contribution of each of the two species in a given SERS spectrum, thereby accurately determining the analyte concentration in the sample solution. This approach, in essence, transforms citrate into a local standard against which the concentration of an analyte can be reliably determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Salemmilani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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28
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Li J, Yan H, Tan X, Lu Z, Han H. Cauliflower-Inspired 3D SERS Substrate for Multiple Mycotoxins Detection. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3885-3892. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Yan
- Hubei Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Food Quality and Safety Test, Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuecai Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Food Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People’s Republic of China
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