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de Oliveira LH, Trindade MAG, Angnes L. Chronoamperometric flow-cell designed to be unaffected by air bubbles. Talanta 2024; 281:126875. [PMID: 39298807 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a new design for a chronoamperometric flow cell in which air bubbles do not interfere with the control of potential between the working and reference electrodes. The flow-through dual-detection cell consists of two independent parts: an upper compartment containing a quiescent supporting electrolyte solution and a channel that operates under hydrodynamically controlled conditions. In this system, the working and counter electrodes can be placed directly in contact with both compartments, whereas the reference electrode can be assembled to be either isolated or in contact with the flowing stream channel. The design ensures that the potential applied to the working electrode (controlled in the upper compartment) is similar to the potential applied in the flowing channel. The performance of the proposed flow cell in generating accurate results, even in the presence of air bubbles, was evaluated through successive air-analyte-air injections. In both series where the analyte was introduced, suitable reproducibility was achieved. The robustness of the design was definitively proven by performing a series of measurements in analytical applications for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in antiseptic samples, yielding very satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 - 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Magno Aparecido Gonçalves Trindade
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; UNESP, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 - 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Roveda LM, Ottoni VF, de Carvalho CT, Rodrigues R, Corazza MZ, Trindade MAG. Merging 3D-printing technology and disposable materials for electrochemical purposes: A sustainable alternative to ensure greener electroanalysis. Talanta 2024; 272:125814. [PMID: 38428135 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
3D-printing technology has revolutionized electrochemical applications by enabling rapid prototyping of various devices with high precision, even in highly complex structures. However, a significant challenge remains in developing less costly and more sustainable analytical approaches and methods aimed at mitigating the negative environmental impacts of chemical analysis procedures. In this study, we propose a solution to these challenges by creating a simple and versatile electrochemical system that combines 3D-printing technology with recyclable disposable materials, such as graphite from an exhausted battery and a stainless-steel screw. Our results demonstrate a novel strategy for developing electrodes and other laboratory-made devices that align with the principles of sustainability and green chemistry. Furthermore, we provide evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed system in an analytical application involving the simultaneous determination of tert-butylhydroquinone, acetaminophen, and levofloxacin using the voltammetric technique in lake and groundwater samples. The results indicate sufficient accuracy, with recovery values ranging from 91 to 110%. Additionally, we utilized the Analytical GREEnness calculator as a metric system to evaluate the environmental friendliness of the proposed electroanalytical protocol. The final score confirms a favorable level of sustainability, reaffirming the eco-friendly nature of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liriana Mara Roveda
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, CEP, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Vitor Ferreira Ottoni
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, CEP, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Teodoro de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, CEP, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Raphael Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, CEP, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Marcela Zanetti Corazza
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Química, Londrina, PR, CEP, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Magno Aparecido Gonçalves Trindade
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, CEP, 79804-970, Brazil; Unesp, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355, Araraquara, SP, CEP, 14800-900, Brazil.
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Oliveira ACM, Araújo DAG, Pradela-Filho LA, Takeuchi RM, Trindade MAG, Dos Santos AL. Threads in tubing: an innovative approach towards improved electrochemical thread-based microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3045-3054. [PMID: 35833547 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00387b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thread-based microfluidic analytical devices have received growing attention since threads have some advantages over other materials. Compared to paper, threads are also capable of spontaneously transporting fluid due to capillary action, but they have superior mechanical strength and do not require hydrophobic barriers. Therefore, thread-based microfluidic devices can be inexpensively fabricated with no need for external pumps or sophisticated microfabrication apparatus. Despite these outstanding features, achieving a controlled and continuous flow rate is still a challenging task, mainly due to fluid evaporation. Here, we overcome this challenge by inserting a cotton thread into a polyethylene tube aiming to minimize fluid evaporation. Also, a cotton piece was inserted into the outlet reservoir to improve the wicking ability of the device. This strategy enabled the fabrication of an innovative electrochemical thread in a tubing microfluidic device that was capable to hold a consistent flow rate (0.38 μL s-1) for prolonged periods, allowing up to 100 injections in a single device by simply replacing the cotton piece in the outlet reservoir. The proposed device displayed satisfactory analytical performance for selected model analytes (dopamine, hydrogen peroxide, and tert-butylhydroquinone), in addition to being successfully used for quantification of nitrite in spiked artificial saliva samples. Beyond the flow rate improvement, this "thread-in-tube" strategy ensured the protection of the fluid from external contamination while making it easier to connect the electrode array to the microchannels. Thus, we envision that the thread in a tube strategy could bring interesting improvements to thread-based microfluidic analytical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Maia Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Diele Aparecida Gouveia Araújo
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Lauro Antonio Pradela-Filho
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Regina Massako Takeuchi
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Magno Aparecido Gonçalves Trindade
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, 79804-970 Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Dos Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais do Pontal, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, Brazil.
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Ibrahim OA, Navarro-Segarra M, Sadeghi P, Sabaté N, Esquivel JP, Kjeang E. Microfluidics for Electrochemical Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7236-7266. [PMID: 34995463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy conversion is an important supplement for storage and on-demand use of renewable energy. In this regard, microfluidics offers prospects to raise the efficiency and rate of electrochemical energy conversion through enhanced mass transport, flexible cell design, and ability to eliminate the physical ion-exchange membrane, an essential yet costly element in conventional electrochemical cells. Since the 2002 invention of the microfluidic fuel cell, the research field of microfluidics for electrochemical energy conversion has expanded into a great variety of cell designs, fabrication techniques, and device functions with a wide range of utility and applications. The present review aims to comprehensively synthesize the best practices in this field over the past 20 years. The underlying fundamentals and research methods are first summarized, followed by a complete assessment of all research contributions wherein microfluidics was proactively utilized to facilitate energy conversion in conjunction with electrochemical cells, such as fuel cells, flow batteries, electrolysis cells, hybrid cells, and photoelectrochemical cells. Moreover, emerging technologies and analytical tools enabled by microfluidics are also discussed. Lastly, opportunities for future research directions and technology advances are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Ibrahim
- Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3 Surrey, British Columbia Canada.,Fuelium S.L., Edifici Eureka, Av. Can Domènech S/N, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Marina Navarro-Segarra
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Pardis Sadeghi
- Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3 Surrey, British Columbia Canada
| | - Neus Sabaté
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Esquivel
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, IMB-CNM (CSIC), C/dels Til·lers sn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain.,BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Erik Kjeang
- Fuel Cell Research Laboratory, School of Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, V3T 0A3 Surrey, British Columbia Canada
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Maximiano EM, Gonçalves DA, Martins CA, Angnes L, Gomes RS, Trindade MAG. Simultaneous separation and electroanalysis in a single polydimethylsiloxane-based platform. Talanta 2021; 233:122514. [PMID: 34215129 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Channel-based microfluidic devices integrating the separation step and detection system are key factors to expand microanalysis application. However, these devices still depend on macroscale external equipment for pre-treatment of the sample, separation, or detection. The integration of all steps in only one stage is critical to improving feasibility. Herein, we use a low-cost protocol to solve part of the challenge by designing a dual-mode system onto single polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based platform - overall dimensions of 65 mm length × 20 mm width × 14 mm height and the inner diameter of 297±10 μm height × 605±19 μm width - for column-free separation and simultaneous detection. As a proof-of-concept, we used this all-in-one PDMS platform to separate - without the packet-based phase - and determine salicylic acid (SA) and caffeine (CAF) with a detection limit of 0.20 and 0.18 μmol L-1 and quantification limit of 0.70 and 0.60 μmol L-1 for SA and CAF, respectively. We separated the mixture using forced convection into a chemically treated microchannel while detecting the analytes in amperometric mode. Here, we report new insights into how integrating analytes separation and further electroanalysis into a single miniaturized device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabete M Maximiano
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cauê A Martins
- Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto S Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Magno A G Trindade
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Unesp, National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, CEP 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Maximiano EM, Sequinel T, Martins CA, Angnes L, Gonçalves Trindade MA. Newly designed dual-mode electrochemical sensor onto a single polydimethylsiloxane-based chip. Talanta 2021; 221:121611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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7
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Tillo A, Bartelmess J, Chauhan VP, Bell J, Rurack K. Microfluidic Device for the Determination of Water Chlorination Levels Combining a Fluorescent meso-Enamine Boron Dipyrromethene Probe and a Microhydrocyclone for Gas Bubble Separation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12980-12987. [PMID: 31525031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination procedures are commonly applied in swimming pool water and wastewater treatment, yet also in food, pharmaceutical, and paper production. The amount of chlorine in water needs to be strictly controlled to ensure efficient killing of pathogens but avoid the induction of negative health effects. Miniaturized microfluidic fluorescence sensors are an appealing approach here when aiming at online or at-site measurements. Two meso-enamine-substituted boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes were found to exhibit favorable indication properties, their reaction with hypochlorite leading to strong fluorescence enhancement. Real-time assays became possible after integration of these fluorescent probes with designed two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic chips, incorporating a passive sinusoidal mixer and a microhydrocyclone, respectively. A comparison of the two microfluidic systems, including their abilities to prevent accumulation or circulation of microbubbles produced by the chemical indication reaction, showed excellent fluidic behavior for the microhydrocyclone-based device. After coupling to a miniaturized optical reader for fluorescence detection, the 2D microfluidic system showed a promising detection range of 0.04-0.5 mg L-1 while still being prone to bubble-induced fluctuations and suffering from considerably low signal gain. The microhydrocyclone-based system was distinctly more robust against gas bubbles, showed a higher signal gain, and allowed us to halve the limit of detection to 0.02 mg L-1. The use of the 3D system to quantify the chlorine content of swimming pool water samples for sensitive and quantitative chlorine monitoring was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tillo
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Grunwaldzka 6 , 60-780 Poznan , Poland
| | - Juergen Bartelmess
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division , Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Vraj P Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , 721302 , West Bengal , India
| | - Jérémy Bell
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division , Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Knut Rurack
- Chemical and Optical Sensing Division , Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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Franco-Duarte R, Černáková L, Kadam S, Kaushik KS, Salehi B, Bevilacqua A, Corbo MR, Antolak H, Dybka-Stępień K, Leszczewicz M, Relison Tintino S, Alexandrino de Souza VC, Sharifi-Rad J, Coutinho HDM, Martins N, Rodrigues CF. Advances in Chemical and Biological Methods to Identify Microorganisms-From Past to Present. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E130. [PMID: 31086084 PMCID: PMC6560418 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast detection and identification of microorganisms is a challenging and significant feature from industry to medicine. Standard approaches are known to be very time-consuming and labor-intensive (e.g., culture media and biochemical tests). Conversely, screening techniques demand a quick and low-cost grouping of bacterial/fungal isolates and current analysis call for broad reports of microorganisms, involving the application of molecular techniques (e.g., 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing based on polymerase chain reaction). The goal of this review is to present the past and the present methods of detection and identification of microorganisms, and to discuss their advantages and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Franco-Duarte
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Lucia Černáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Snehal Kadam
- Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, India.
| | - Karishma S Kaushik
- Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, India.
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 14665-354, Iran.
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Hubert Antolak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dybka-Stępień
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Martyna Leszczewicz
- Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM), Department of Biological Chemistry/CCBS/URCA, 63105-000 Crato, Brazil.
| | | | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM), Department of Biological Chemistry/CCBS/URCA, 63105-000 Crato, Brazil.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE⁻Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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