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Herbert B, Walpuski J, Stolte M, Shoyama K. Designing Organic π-Conjugated Molecules for Crystalline Solid Solutions: Adamantane-Substituted Naphthalenes. Chempluschem 2024:e202300761. [PMID: 38259048 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We showcase herein organic crystalline solid solutions (CSSs) based on the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) scaffold, naphthalene, stabilized by dispersion forces induced by adamantane substitution. High thermal stability of the host and guest molecules synthesized by cross-coupling of dibromonaphthalene derivatives and 4-(1-adamantyl)phenyl boronic ester enabled formation of crystals by sublimation. We could generate binary monocrystalline solid solution systems proven by X-ray crystallography, the first system of designed CSSs stabilized exclusively via dispersion forces with structural evidence. These observations are additionally supported by lattice energy calculations and spectroscopic examinations. For the generation of CSSs, it is of utmost importance that the host and guest molecules have similar lattice energies and spatial compatibility. We anticipate that the thermostable organic CSS design demonstrated herein would be beneficial for functional materials and further investigation towards materials with unique properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Herbert
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janis Walpuski
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) and Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Rozwadowski T, Kolek Ł. Design of Crystal Growth Dimensionality in Synthetic Wax: The Kinetics of Nonisothermal Crystallization Processes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8697-8705. [PMID: 37788455 PMCID: PMC10578349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The demand for the development of multifunctional materials in emerging technologies has stimulated intensive research on the control of crystallization processes in numerous scientific and engineering fields. In this article, we examine the kinetics of nonisothermal melt crystallization in synthetic wax using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) supported by polarized optical microscopy (POM) to describe crystallization modes in a multicomponent molecular system. We detected the macroscopic growth of three crystal phases and the formation of two crystal phases as a transformation from a disordered crystal mesophase into an ordered crystal. To characterize individual crystal phase formation, we examine the activation energy evaluated by isoconversional analysis and utilize the Ozawa and Mo methods to determine the kinetic details of the crystal growth from the isotropic phase. Our investigation reveals the possibility of the design of crystal growth dimensionality as three-dimensional spherulitic-like, two-dimensional rodlike, and one-dimensional needle-shaped crystal forms of shorter n-alkanes by controlling the solidification pathway of long-chain n-alkanes and the interplay of the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rozwadowski
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kolek
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Hill A, Kras W, Theodosiou F, Wanat M, Lee D, Cruz-Cabeza AJ. Polymorphic Solid Solutions in Molecular Crystals: Tips, Tricks, and Switches. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20562-20577. [PMID: 37671489 PMCID: PMC10515635 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Crystal polymorphism has been a topic of much interest for the past 20 years or so, especially since its scientific (and legal) importance to the pharmaceutical industry was realized. By contrast, the formation of solid solutions in molecular crystals has been overlooked despite its long-standing prevalence in the analogous field of inorganic crystals. Wilfully forgotten, crystalline molecular solid solutions may be very common in our world since molecular compounds are rarely produced with 100% purity, and impurities able to form solid solutions are difficult to reject via recrystallization. Given the importance of both polymorphism and solid solutions in molecular crystals, we share here some tips, tricks, and observations to aid in their understanding. First, we propose a nomenclature system fit for the description of molecular crystalline solid solutions capable of polymorphism (tips). Second, we highlight the challenges associated with their experimental and computational characterization (tricks). Third, we show that our recently reported observation that polymorph stabilities can change by virtue of solid solution formation is a general phenomenon, reporting it on a second system (switches). Our work focuses on the historically important compound benzamide forming solid solutions with nicotinamide and 3-fluorobenzamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Lower
Mount Joy, South Rd, Durham, DH1
3LE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 0PL, U.K.
| | - Weronika Kras
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 0PL, U.K.
| | - Fragkoulis Theodosiou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Lower
Mount Joy, South Rd, Durham, DH1
3LE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 0PL, U.K.
| | - Monika Wanat
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 0PL, U.K.
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 0PL, U.K.
| | - Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Lower
Mount Joy, South Rd, Durham, DH1
3LE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 0PL, U.K.
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Ezell M, Shin S, Chen Y, Ly K, Maddi L, Raub CB, Bandyopadhyay BC. Stabilization of uric acid mixed crystals by melamine. JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH 2023; 608:127134. [PMID: 37193265 PMCID: PMC10168670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2023.127134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melamine stabilizes heterogeneous nucleation of calcium crystals by increasing the retention time and decreasing the rate of dissolution. Stabilization of such mixed crystals limit the efficacy of non-invasive treatment options for kidney stones. Crystalline forms of uric acid (UA) are also involved in urolithiasis or UA kidney stones; however, its interactions with contaminating melamine and the resulting effects on the retention of kidney stones remain unknown. Since melamine augments calcium crystal formation, it provides an avenue for us to understand the stability of UA-calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals. We show here that melamine facilitates UA+CaP crystal formation, resulting in greater aggregates. Moreover, melamine induced mixed crystal retention through a time-dependent manner in presence and/or absence of hydroxycitrate (crystal inhibitor), indicating its abridged effectiveness as conventional remedy. CaP was also shown to modify optical properties of UA+CaP mixed crystals. Differential staining of individual crystals revealed enhanced co-aggregation of UA and CaP. The dissolution rate of UA in presence of melamine was faster than its heterogeneous crystallization form with CaP, although the size was comparatively much smaller, suggesting disparity in regulation between UA and CaP crystallization. While melamine stabilized UA, CaP and mixed crystals in relatively physiological conditions (artificial urine), the retentions of those crystals were further augmented by melamine, even in presence of hydroxycitrate, thus reducing treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Ezell
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
| | - Samuel Shin
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington DC, 20064, USA
| | - Yuyan Chen
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
| | - Khanh Ly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington DC, 20064, USA
| | - Leron Maddi
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
| | - Christopher B. Raub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington DC, 20064, USA
| | - Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Washington DC, 20422, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington DC, 20064, USA
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