1
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Wan Q, Wu XD, Hou ZW, Ma Y, Wang L. Organophotoelectrocatalytic C(sp 2)-H alkylation of heteroarenes with unactivated C(sp 3)-H compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5502-5505. [PMID: 38699797 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
An organophotoelectrocatalytic method for the C(sp2)-H alkylation of heteroarenes with unactivated C(sp3)-H compounds through dehydrogenation cross-coupling has been developed. The C(sp2)-H alkylation combines organic catalysis, photochemistry and electrochemistry, avoiding the need for external metal-reagents, HAT-reagents, and oxidants. This protocol exhibits good substrate tolerance and functional group compatibility, providing a straightforward and powerful pathway to access a variety of alkylated heteroarenes under green conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Wan
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Xia-Die Wu
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhong-Wei Hou
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang, 318000, P. R. China.
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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2
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Shi SH, Li HY, Liu HY, Tian R, Zhu HT. Redox Relay-Induced C-S Radical Cross-Coupling Strategy: Application in Nontraditional Site-Selective Thiocyanation of Quinoxalinones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6826-6837. [PMID: 38669146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative cross-coupling is a powerful strategy to form C-heteroatom bonds. However, oxidative cross-coupling for constructing C-S bond is still a challenge due to sulfur overoxidation and poisoning transition-metal catalysts. Now, electrochemical redox relay using sulfur radicals formed in situ from inorganic sulfur source offers a solution to this problem. Herein, electrochemical redox relay-induced C-S radical cross-coupling of quinoxalinones and ammonium thiocyanate with bromine anion as mediator is presented. The electrochemical redox relay comprised initially the formation of sulfur radical via indirect electrochemical oxidation, simultaneous electrochemical reduction of the imine bond, electro-oxidation-triggered radical coupling involving dearomatization-rearomatization, and the reformation of the imine bond through anodic oxidation. Applying this strategy, various quinoxalinones bearing multifarious electron-deficient/-rich substituents at different positions were well compatible with moderate to excellent yields and good steric hindrance compatibility under constant current conditions in an undivided cell without transition-metal catalysts and additional redox reagents. Synthetic applications of this methodology were demonstrated through gram-scale preparation and follow-up transformation. Notably, such a unique strategy may offer new opportunities for the development of new quinoxalinone-core leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Hao-Yu Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Hao-Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhu
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721013, China
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3
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Xie S, Fu L, Ding Y, Wang Q, He C, Xu W, Wang Q, Zhong Y, Fan X, Yang M. Electrochemical C-H Mono-/Multi-Bromination Regulation of N-Sulfonylanilines on a Cost-Effective Carbon Fiber Electrode and Its Prospective Electroactive Molecule Screening. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6759-6769. [PMID: 38683949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-H mono/multi-bromination regulation of N-sulfonylanilines on the cost-effective CF electrode is described. This reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions with a broad substrate scope, affording diverse mono/multi-brominated anilines in moderate to good yields. Mechanism study reveals that this transformation involves anodic oxidation, aromatic electrophilic substitution, and deprotonation. Preliminary electroactive molecule screening results in its prospective application in electroactive MBs for electrochemical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchun Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yechun Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Chen He
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yingfang Zhong
- Academic Affairs Office, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaona Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory for Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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4
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Qiao H, Zhao K, Zhu X, Xu X, Wang S, Yang L, Wang C, Zhong L, Ma B, Yang D, Xing P, Liu G, Jiao M. Photocatalyzed C3-H Nitrosylation of Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine under Continuous Flow and External Photocatalyst-, Oxidant-, and Additive-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38753574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study reports a protocol for the highly regioselective photocatalyzed C-H nitrosylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffolds at the C3 position under a combination of visible-light irradiation and continuous flow without any external photocatalyst. This protocol involves mild and safe conditions and shows good tolerance to air and water along with excellent functional group compatibility and site selectivity, generating various 3-nitrosoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in excellent yields under photocatalyst-, oxidant-, and additive-free conditions.Notably, the proposed nitrosylation reaction, which introduces the chromophore NO into imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffolds, occurs efficiently under visible-light irradiation without any additional photocatalyst owing to the intense light-absorption characteristics of the nitrosylation products. This study could guide future studies on the development of green organic-synthesis strategies with a wide variety of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Qiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Xilin Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Shixing Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Liting Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Zhong
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Baiwei Ma
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Dehong Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Peizhi Xing
- Henan Bio-based material Industry Research Institute Co., LTD, Puyang 457001, P. R. China
| | - Guoqun Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
| | - Mingli Jiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, P. R. China
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5
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Zhao Z, Zhang R, Liu Y, Zhu Z, Wang Q, Qiu Y. Electrochemical C-H deuteration of pyridine derivatives with D 2O. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3832. [PMID: 38714720 PMCID: PMC11076510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we develop a straightforward, metal-free, and acid-/base-free electrochemical C4-selective C - H deuteration of pyridine derivatives with economic and convenient D2O at room temperature. This strategy features an efficient and environmentally friendly approach with high chemo- and regioselectivity, affording a wide range of D-compounds, such as pyridines, quinolones, N-ligands and biorelevant compounds. Notably, the mechanistic experiments and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies demonstrate that N-butyl-2-phenylpyridinium iodide is a crucial intermediate during the electrochemical transformation, which provides a general and efficient way for deuteration of pyridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zile Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Liu ZR, Zhu XY, Guo JF, Ma C, Zuo Z, Mei TS. Synergistic use of photocatalysis and convergent paired electrolysis for nickel-catalyzed arylation of cyclic alcohols. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00265-2. [PMID: 38670850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The merging of transition metal catalysis with electrochemistry has become a powerful tool for organic synthesis because catalysts can govern the reactivity and selectivity. However, coupling catalysts with alkyl radical species generated by anodic oxidation remains challenging because of electrode passivation, dimerization, and overoxidation. In this study, we developed convergent paired electrolysis for the coupling of nickel catalysts with alkyl radicals derived from photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge-transfer of cyclic alcohols and iron catalysts, providing a practical method for site-specific and remote arylation of ketones. The synergistic use of photocatalysis with convergent paired electrolysis can provide alternative avenues for metal-catalyzed radical coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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7
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Mallick S, Mandal T, Kumari N, Roy L, De Sarkar S. Divergent Electrochemical Synthesis of Indoles through pK a Regulation of Amides: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304002. [PMID: 38290995 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A divergent synthetic approach to access highly substituted indole scaffolds is illustrated. By virtue of a tunable electrochemical strategy, distinct control over the C-3 substitution pattern was achieved by employing two analogous 2-styrylaniline precursors. The chemoselectivity is governed by the fine-tuning of the acidity of the amide proton, relying on the appropriate selection of N-protecting groups, and assisted by the reactivity of the electrogenerated intermediates. Detailed mechanistic investigations based on cyclic voltametric experiments and computational studies revealed the crucial role of water additive, which assists the proton-coupled electron transfer event for highly acidic amide precursors, followed by an energetically favorable intramolecular C-N coupling, causing exclusive fabrication of the C-3 unsubstituted indoles. Alternatively, the implementation of an electrogenerated cationic olefin activator delivers the C-3 substituted indoles through the preferential nucleophilic nature of the N-acyl amides. This electrochemical approach of judicious selection of N-protecting groups to regulate pKa/E° provides an expansion in the domain of switchable generation of heterocyclic derivatives in a sustainable fashion, with high regio- and chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Mallick
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Nidhi Kumari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-IOC Odisha Campus, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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8
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Kathiravan S, Dhillon P, Zhang T, Nicholls IA. Metal free cross-dehydrogenative N-N coupling of primary amides with Lewis basic amines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2643. [PMID: 38531886 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrazides, N-N containing structural motifs, are important due to their presence in a wide variety of biologically significant compounds. While the homo N-N coupling of two NH moieties to form the hydrazide N-N bond is well developed, the cross-dehydrogenative hetero N-N coupling remains very unevolved. Here we present an efficient intermolecular N-N cross-coupling of a series of primary benzamides with broad range of Lewis basic primary and secondary amines using PhI(OAc)2 as both a terminal oxidant and a cross-coupling mediator, without the need for metal catalysts, high temperatures, and inert atmospheres, and with substantial potential for use in the late-stage functionalization of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subban Kathiravan
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39182, Sweden.
- Attana AB, Greta Arwidssons väg 21, 11419, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Prakriti Dhillon
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39182, Sweden
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39182, Sweden
| | - Ian A Nicholls
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39182, Sweden.
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9
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Jin C, Ning C, Sui Y, Zhang B, Li X, Pan L, Liu Q, Li Y. Photoredox-Catalyzed Alkene Amination: C(sp 2)-H/N-H Radical-Radical Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling. Org Lett 2024; 26:2326-2331. [PMID: 38451219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Direct alkene C-H/N-H cross dehydrogenative coupling is an infrequent, highly challenging transformation. Herein, a photoredox radical-radical cross-coupling reaction between ketene dithioacetal as a persistent alkene radical cation and azole nitrogen center radical (NCR) was developed. This direct alkene amination proceeded through a synergistic photoredox and cobalt catalysis, with only H2 evolution. The reaction showed excellent tolerance and highly regio- and stereospecific manner, expanding the scope of C(sp2)-N construction methods and radical cross-coupling modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Cailin Ning
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yating Sui
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bingxin Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ling Pan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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10
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Xue Y, Wang S. Generation of Carbonyl Compounds from Oximes through Electrooxidative Deoximation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4199-4204. [PMID: 38446049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical protocol was developed to generate carbonyl compounds from oximes with excellent functional group compatibility. Mechanistic experimental studies support the idea that an electrooxidative pathway of oximes might be involved, in which the water may serve as an oxygen nucleophile and the oxygen source for the final carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shaozhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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11
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Wang X, Shu S, Wang X, Yu W, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhang Z. Electrochemical Radical Retro-Allylation of Homoallylic Alcohols with Sulfonyl Hydrazides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3563-3572. [PMID: 38335535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We report herein the first examples of electrochemical radical retro-allylation of homoallylic alcohols via the cleavage of the C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond. In this reaction, a variety of sulfonyl hydrazides were employed as the environmentally friendly radical sources via an electrochemical dehydrazination with the release of N2 and H2 as the byproducts, leading to sulfonyl allylic compounds in moderate to good yields. The reaction features metal- and base-free reaction conditions, broad functional group tolerance, and a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shubing Shu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yuru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
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12
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Liu CY, Chen Y, Hu J. Identification of the Electrogenerated Hidden Nitrenium Ions by In Situ Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3354-3361. [PMID: 38295431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The identification of the electrogenerated reactive intermediates is essential for an in-depth understanding of the electroredox processes. Although various short-lived intermediates are well characterized by coupling electrochemistry with mass spectrometry (EC/MS), many electrogenerated transient species (τ < 1 μs) are still rarely captured by the currently available EC/MS approaches. Here, we present a low-delay coupling device, which was constructed by decorating a microelectrode into the front tip of a microsized ion emitter. For the first time, the in situ detection of a previously hidden intermediate, i.e., the transient nitrenium ion of carbazole (τ = 333 ns), was achieved. The electrochemical generation of indole nitrenium ion, whose half-life is estimated to be shorter compared to the carbazole nitrenium ion due to less resonance stabilization, was also confirmed by direct observation. This clog-free microelectrode/ion emitter is cheap and easy to fabricate and offers a general and powerful approach to monitoring the fast reactions of electrogenerated reactive intermediates. We believe that our integrated EC/MS approach holds substantial potential for broad applicability, particularly in probing the intricate and ultrafast electroredox processes occurring at the electrode-solution interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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13
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Shi Q, Kang XW, Liu Z, Sakthivel P, Aman H, Chang R, Yan X, Pang Y, Dai S, Ding B, Ye J. Single-Electron Oxidation-Initiated Enantioselective Hydrosulfonylation of Olefins Enabled by Photoenzymatic Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2748-2756. [PMID: 38214454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the enantioselectivity of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions has been a long-standing synthetic challenge. While recent advances on photoenzymatic catalysis have demonstrated the great potential of non-natural photoenzymes, all of the transformations are initiated by single-electron reduction of the substrate, with only one notable exception. Herein, we report an oxidation-initiated photoenzymatic enantioselective hydrosulfonylation of olefins using a novel mutant of gluconobacter ene-reductase (GluER-W100F-W342F). Compared to known photoenzymatic systems, our approach does not rely on the formation of an electron donor-acceptor complex between the substrates and enzyme cofactor and simplifies the reaction system by obviating the addition of a cofactor regeneration mixture. More importantly, the GluER variant exhibits high reactivity and enantioselectivity and a broad substrate scope. Mechanistic studies support the proposed oxidation-initiated mechanism and reveal that a tyrosine-mediated HAT process is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiu-Wen Kang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pandaram Sakthivel
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hasil Aman
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yubing Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaobo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory on Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bei Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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14
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Xu GQ, Wang WD, Xu PF. Photocatalyzed Enantioselective Functionalization of C(sp 3)-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1209-1223. [PMID: 38170467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its diverse activation processes including single-electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT), visible-light photocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable and efficient platform for organic synthesis. These processes provide a powerful avenue for the direct functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds under mild conditions. Over the past decade, there have been remarkable advances in the enantioselective functionalization of the C(sp3)-H bond via photocatalysis combined with conventional asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we summarize the advances in asymmetric C(sp3)-H functionalization involving visible-light photocatalysis and discuss two main pathways in this emerging field: (a) SET-driven carbocation intermediates are followed by stereospecific nucleophile attacks; and (b) photodriven alkyl radical intermediates are further enantioselectively captured by (i) chiral π-SOMOphile reagents, (ii) stereoselective transition-metal complexes, and (iii) another distinct stereoscopic radical species. We aim to summarize key advances in reaction design, catalyst development, and mechanistic understanding, to provide new insights into this rapidly evolving area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wei David Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou Magnetic Resonance Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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15
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Li T, Ma Q, Yuan Y, Jia X. Oxidants Controlled C-H Bond Functionalization of N-Aryltetrahydroisoquinolines: The Construction of the Quaternary Carbon Center and Cleavage of the C-N Bond. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303151. [PMID: 37875461 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Initiated by triarylamine radical cation salt (TBPA), the direct C-H bond functionalization of α-N-aryltetrahydroisoquinoline esters was smoothly realized, giving a series of α-hydroxylated derivatives with a quaternary carbon center in good yields. Differently, in the presence of tert-butyl nitrite (TBN), the C-N single bond was cleaved to keto esters. The mechanistic study revealed that these reactions were mediated by a similar mechanism, in which the N-nitrosation might provide a driving force to the C-N bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Qiyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China
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16
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Qiang C, Zhang T, Feng Z, Liu P, Sun P. Direct Amino-α-C-H Heteroarylation of Amides under Electrochemical Conditions. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38191300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) strategy for the direct amino-α-C-H heteroarylation of amides is described. The cheap TMSN3 acts as a hydrogen atom transfer reagent. A series of heteroarenes including quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, 4-methylquinoline, isoquinoline, 2-methylquinoxaline, benzothiazole, etc., and various readily available amides/lactams were suitable. The reaction has the characteristics of a wide range of substrates, good regioselectivity, chemical oxidant-free conditions, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Qiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyue Feng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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17
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Zhu ZQ, Hu JY, Xie ZB, Le ZG. Visible-light-enabled cascade cross-dehydrogenative-coupling/cyclization to construct α-chromone substituted α-amino acid derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:106-109. [PMID: 38032358 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Organophotocatalytic cascade cross-dehydrogenative-coupling/cyclization reaction of o-hydroxyarylenaminones with α-amino acid derivatives for the construction of α-chromone substituted α-amino acid derivatives was developed. Various N-arylglycine esters, amides and dipeptides underwent the cascade cyclization reaction well with o-hydroxyarylenaminones to afford the corresponding 3-aminoalkyl chromones in good to excellent yields. This approach consists of visible-light-promoted oxidation of α-amino acid derivatives, the Mannich reaction, and intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization under acidic conditions, and features a wide reaction scope, a simple operation and mild reaction conditions, which may have the potential to be used for the synthesis of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Zhu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jia-Yu Hu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Zong-Bo Xie
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Zhang-Gao Le
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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18
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Zhang S, Wei J, Ye X, Perez A, Shi X. Accessing gold p-acid reactivity under electrochemical anode oxidation (EAO) through oxidation relay. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8265. [PMID: 38092735 PMCID: PMC10719393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gold π-acid activation under electrochemical conditions is achieved. While EAO allows easy access to gold(III) intermediates over alternative chemical oxidation under mild conditions, the reported examples so far are limited to coupling reactions due to the rapid AuIII reductive elimination. Using aryl hydrazine-HOTf salt as precursors, the π-activation reaction mode was realized through oxidation relay. Both alkene and alkyne di-functionalization were achieved with excellent functional group compatibility and regioselectivity, which extended the versatility and utility of electrochemical gold redox chemistry for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jingwen Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Angel Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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19
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Shukla G, Singh M, Kumar Yadav A, Shankar Singh M. Aromatic C(sp 2 )-H Functionalization by Consecutive Paired Electrolysis: Dibromination of Aryl Amines with Dibromoethane at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2023:e202303179. [PMID: 38078727 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a facile and efficient electrochemical method for the dibromination of aryl amines by double functionalization of aromatic C(sp2 )-H (both para and ortho) under metal- and external oxidant-free conditions at room temperature for the first time. The reaction is demonstrated using 1,2-dibromoethane to dibrominate a wide range of N-substituted aryl amines in a simple setup with C(+)/Pt(-) electrodes under mild reaction conditions. This transformation proceeds smoothly with a broad substrate scope affording the valuable and versatile N-substituted 2,4-dibromoanilines in moderate to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. In this paired electrolysis, cathodic reduction of 1,2-DBE followed by anodic oxidation generates bromonium intermediates, which then couple with anilines to furnish the dibrominated products. It represents a distinctive approach to challenging redox-neutral reactions. The versatility of the electrochemical ortho-, para-dibromination was reflected by unique regioselectivities for challenging aryl amines and gram-scale electrosynthesis without the use of a stoichiometric oxidant or an activating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Malkeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anup Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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20
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Tian Y, Zheng L, Guo D, Miao Y, Li L, Fu W, Li Z. Photopromoted Free Radical Silylation of 2-Aryl-2 H-indazoles with Silanes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16671-16678. [PMID: 37968942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced silylation of silanes with 2-aryl-2H-indazoles was developed under mild conditions, which could efficiently result in diverse 3-silylated 2H-indazoles with good substrate scopes. A series of scaled-up to gram level and radical capture operations were performed in this system. Meanwhile, a bioactive molecule was tolerated well under typical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
| | - Luping Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
| | - Dongyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Miao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China
| | - Zejiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P. R. China
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21
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Alam T, Patel BK. Electrochemical N-Aroylation of Sulfoximines by Using Benzoyl Hydrazines with H 2 Generation. Chemistry 2023:e202303444. [PMID: 37990751 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Developed here is a robust electrochemical cross-coupling reaction between aroyl hydrazine and NH-sulfoximine via concomitant cleavage and formation of C(sp2 )-N bonds with the evolution of H2 and N2 as innocuous by-products. This sustainable protocol avoids the use of toxic reagents and occurs at room temperature. The reaction proceeds via the generation of an aroyl and a sulfoximidoyl radical via anodic oxidation under constant current electrolysis (CCE), affording N-aroylated sulfoximine. The strategy is applied to late-stage sulfoximidation of L-menthol, (-)-borneol, D-glucose, vitamin-E derivatives, and marketed drugs such as probenecid, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, ciprofibrate, and sulindac. In addition, the present methodology is mild, high functional group tolerance with broad substrate scope and scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 781039, Guwahati, Assam, India
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22
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Huynh TNT, Nguyen KT, Sukwattanasinitt M, Wacharasindhu S. Electrochemical NaI-mediated one-pot synthesis of guanidines from isothiocyanates via tandem addition-guanylation. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8667-8674. [PMID: 37672208 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present an electrochemical approach for the synthesis of guanidines from isothiocyanates and amines in a single reaction vessel. This one-pot operation takes place in aqueous media, utilizing an undivided cell setup with NaI serving as both the electrolyte and mediator. The process involves the in situ generation of thiourea, followed by electrolytic guanylation with amines. Under ambient temperature conditions, we successfully demonstrated the formation of 30 different guanidine compounds, achieving yields ranging from fair to excellent. Furthermore, the synthesis method could be carried out on a gram scale with a good yield. This protocol stands out for its cost-effectiveness, step-economical design, high tolerance towards various functional groups, and environmentally friendly reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Nguyen Thanh Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 10330.
| | - Khuyen Thu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 10330.
| | | | - Sumrit Wacharasindhu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 10330.
- Green Chemistry for Fine Chemical Productions and Environmental Remediation Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 10330
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23
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Chang R, Pang Y, Ye J. Divergent Photosensitizer Controlled Reactions of 4-Hydroxycoumarins and Unactivated Olefins: Hydroarylation and Subsequent [2+2] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309897. [PMID: 37749064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a photoinduced approach for hydroarylation of unactivated olefins using 4-hydroxycoumarins as the arylating reagent. Key to the success of this reaction is the conversion of nucleophilic 4-hydroxycoumarins into electrophilic carbon radicals via photocatalytic arene oxidation, which not only circumvents the polarity-mismatch issue encountered under ionic conditions but also accommodates a broad substrate scope and inhibits side reactions that were previously observed. Moreover, divergent reactivity was achieved by changing the photocatalyst, enabling a subsequent [2+2] cycloaddition to deliver cyclobutane-fused pentacyclic products that are otherwise challenging to access in high yields and with high diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies have elucidated the mechanism of the reactions and the origin of the divergent reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yubing Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Juntao Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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24
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Yang K, Feng T, Qiu Y. Organo-Mediator Enabled Electrochemical Deuteration of Styrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312803. [PMID: 37698174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread use of the deuterium isotope effect, selective deuterium labeling of chemical molecules remains a major challenge. Herein, a facile and general electrochemically driven, organic mediator enabled deuteration of styrenes with deuterium oxide (D2 O) as the economical deuterium source was reported. Importantly, this transformation could be suitable for various electron rich styrenes mediated by triphenylphosphine (TPP). The reaction proceeded under mild conditions without transition-metal catalysts, affording the desired products in good yields with excellent D-incorporation (D-inc, up to >99 %). Mechanistic investigations by means of isotope labeling experiments and cyclic voltammetry tests provided sufficient support for this transformation. Notably, this method proved to be a powerful tool for late-stage deuteration of biorelevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Yang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tian Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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25
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Li JL, Li HY, Zhang SS, Shen S, Yang XL, Niu X. Photoredox/Cobalt-Catalyzed Cascade Oxidative Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles under Oxidant-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14874-14886. [PMID: 37862710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
An efficient oxidant-free, photoredox-mediated cascade cyclization strategy for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles by using an organo acridinium photocatalyst and a cobaloxime catalyst has been developed. Various acylhydrazones have been transformed into the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazole products in up to 96% yield, and H2 is the only byproduct. Mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation studies indicate carbon-centered radicals rather than oxygen-centered radicals as π-radicals produced by the oxidation of photoexcited Mes-Acr+* along with deprotonation, which is responsible for this transformation. The practical utility of this method is highlighted by the one-pot gram-scale synthesis starting directly from commercially available aldehydes and acylhydrazides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Chemistry Affiliated College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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26
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Sun X, Zheng K. Electrochemical halogen-atom transfer alkylation via α-aminoalkyl radical activation of alkyl iodides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6825. [PMID: 37884528 PMCID: PMC10603137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkyl halides, widely recognized as important building blocks and reagents in organic synthesis, can serve as versatile alkyl radical precursors in radical-based transformations. However, generating alkyl radicals directly from unactivated alkyl halides under mild conditions remains a challenge due to their extremely low reduction potentials. To address this issue, α-aminoalkyl radicals were employed as efficient halogen-atom transfer (XAT) reagents in the photoredox activation of unactivated alkyl halides. Here, we report an effective electrooxidation strategy for generating alkyl radicals from unactivated alkyl iodides via an electrochemical halogen-atom transfer (e-XAT) process under mild conditions. The α-aminoalkyl radicals generated by anodic oxidation are demonstrated to be efficient XAT reagents in these transformations. This facile electricity-driven strategy obviates the need for sacrificial anodes and external chemical oxidants. The method successfully applies to a wide variety of alkyl iodides, including primary, secondary, and tertiary, as well as structurally diverse olefins, exhibiting excellent functional group tolerance. Moreover, we further demonstrate the utility of this strategy by rapidly functionalizing complex molecules and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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27
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Zhong T, Gu C, Li Y, Huang J, Han J, Zhu C, Han J, Xie J. Manganese/Cobalt Bimetallic Relay Catalysis for Divergent Dehydrogenative Difluoroalkylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310762. [PMID: 37642584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of manganese radical for halogen atom transfer (XAT) reactions has been esteemed as one reliable method but encountered with limited catalytic models. In this paper, a novel bimetallic relay catalysis of Mn2 (CO)10 and cobaloxime has been developed for divergent dehydrogenative difluoroalkylation of alkenes using commercially available difluoroalkyl bromides. A wide range of structurally diverse terminal, cyclic and internal alkenes as well as tetrasubstituted alkenes are found to be good coupling partners to deliver difluoroalkylated allylic products and difluoromethylated cyclic products, accompanied with the production of H2 as the by-product. This bimetallic relay strategy features broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions and excellent functional group compatibility. Its success represents an important step-forward to expedite the construction of a rich library of difluoroalkylated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengyihan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
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28
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Liao Y, Jiang C, Qiang C, Liu P, Sun P. HAT-Mediated Electrochemical C(sp 2)-H Acylation of Quinolines with Alcohols. Org Lett 2023; 25:7327-7331. [PMID: 37795817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an electrochemical hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) strategy for C(sp2)-H formylation of electron-deficient quinolines and isoquinolines is described. The cheap methanol acts as a formyl source with a catalytic amount of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst. The advantages of this reaction are transition-metal-catalyst- and chemical-oxidant-free conditions, and the protocol could also be applied to the direct C(sp2)-H acetylation or propionylation of quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Congcong Qiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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29
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Chiang CW, Li HL, Lin TJ, Chen HC, Chou YH, Chou CJ. Versatile Synthesis of Symmetric and Unsymmetric Imines via Photoelectrochemical Catalysis: Application to N-Terminal Modification of Phenylalanine. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301379. [PMID: 37434348 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
A strategy that combines electrochemical synthesis and photoredox catalysis was reported for the efficient synthesis of imines. This approach was demonstrated to be highly versatile in producing various types of imines, including symmetric and unsymmetric imines, by exploring the impact of different substituents on the benzene ring of the arylamine. Additionally, the method was specifically applied to modify N-terminal phenylalanine residues and was found to be successful in the photoelectrochemical cross-coupling reaction between NH2 -Phe-OMe and aryl methylamines, leading to the synthesis of phenylalanine-containing imines. Therefore, this technique would present a convenient and efficient platform for synthesizing imines, with promising applications in chemical biology, drug development, and organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, No.70, Linhsi Road, Shihlin District, Taipei, 111002, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Li Li
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, No.70, Linhsi Road, Shihlin District, Taipei, 111002, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, No.70, Linhsi Road, Shihlin District, Taipei, 111002, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, No.70, Linhsi Road, Shihlin District, Taipei, 111002, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Chou
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, No.70, Linhsi Road, Shihlin District, Taipei, 111002, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ju Chou
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, No.70, Linhsi Road, Shihlin District, Taipei, 111002, Taiwan
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30
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Russo C, Leech MC, Walsh JM, Higham JI, Giannessi L, Lambert E, Kiaku C, Poole DL, Mason J, Goodall CAI, Devo P, Giustiniano M, Radi M, Lam K. eHydrogenation: Hydrogen-free Electrochemical Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309563. [PMID: 37540528 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenation reactions are staple transformations commonly used across scientific fields to synthesise pharmaceuticals, natural products, and various functional materials. However, the vast majority of these reactions require the use of a toxic and costly catalyst leading to unpractical, hazardous and often functionally limited conditions. Herein, we report a new, general, practical, efficient, mild and high-yielding hydrogen-free electrochemical method for the reduction of alkene, alkyne, nitro and azido groups. Finally, this method has been applied to deuterium labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Russo
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Matthew C Leech
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jamie M Walsh
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Joe I Higham
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Lisa Giannessi
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma Parco area delle, Scienze 27°, Parma, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Lambert
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Cyrille Kiaku
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Darren L Poole
- Discovery High-Throughput Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Joseph Mason
- Discovery High-Throughput Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Charles A I Goodall
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Perry Devo
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma Parco area delle, Scienze 27°, Parma, Italy
| | - Kevin Lam
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
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31
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Hu M, Zhang S, Qin C, Nie H, Xiong Z, Shi X, Zhao Y, Li M, Wang S, Ji F, Jiang G. Selective Electrochemical Halogenation of Functionalized Quinolone. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12958-12970. [PMID: 37620989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
This work describes an effective C3-H halogenation of quinoline-4(1H)-ones under electrochemical conditions, in which potassium halides serve as both halogenating agents and electrolytes. The protocol provides expedient access to different halogenated quinoline-4(1H)-ones with unique regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and gram-scale synthesis employing convenient, environmentally friendly electrolysis, in an undivided cell. Mechanism studies have shown that halogen radicals can promote the activation of N-H bonds in quinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqian Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumiao Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoucai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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32
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Kumar A, Shukla K, Ahsan S, Paul A, Patil NT. Electrochemical Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Difunctionalization of C-C Multiple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308636. [PMID: 37491811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose the first report of 1,2-difunctionalization of C-C multiple bonds using electrochemical gold redox catalysis. By adopting the electrochemical strategy, the inherent π-activation and cross-coupling reactivity of gold catalysis are harnessed to develop the oxy-alkynylation of allenoates under external-oxidant-free conditions. Detailed mechanistic investigations such as 31 P NMR, control experiments, mass studies, and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis have been performed to support the proposed reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Khyati Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Salman Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Amit Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
| | - Nitin T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal-, 462 066, India
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33
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Baidya M, De Sarkar S. Synthesis of Quinoxalines through Cu-electrocatalytic Azidation/Annulation Cascade at Low Catalyst Loading. Org Lett 2023; 25:5896-5901. [PMID: 37515784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
A Cu-electrocatalytic azidation of N-aryl enamines and subsequent denitrogenative annulation for the construction of quinoxaline frameworks is reported. Only 0.5 mol % of copper(II) chloride was employed for this cascade transformation displaying excellent functional-group compatibility even with complex bioactive scaffolds. The efficient electro-oxidative protocol enables the use of NaN3 as the cheapest azide source. Detailed mechanistic experiments, cyclic voltammetry, and spectroscopic studies provided strong evidence for a dual role of the Cu catalyst in azidyl and iminyl radical generation steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Baidya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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34
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Wang K, Du X, Zhang P, Wei Z, Cao XT. Metal-free C-3 selective C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) heteroarylation of anilines with imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine derivatives via cross-dehydrogenative coupling. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21685-21689. [PMID: 37476046 PMCID: PMC10355276 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03852a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A general and straightforward method for the regioselective construction of C-3 heteroaryl-containing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via cross-dehydrogenative coupling under transition-metal-free conditions has been reported, utilizing N,N-dimethylaniline as the methylenation source and furnishing the C(sp2)-C(sp3) functionalized products in good to excellent yields. Mechanism studies indicate that a radical pathway is responsible for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University Jining 272067 China
| | - Xiaoxue Du
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University Jining 272067 China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Zhenjiang Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Medicine Technician College Taian 271016 China
| | - Xian-Ting Cao
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University Jining 272067 China
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35
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Sato E, Yukiue A, Mitsudo K, Suga S. Anodic Dehydrogenative Aromatization of Tetrahydrocarbazoles Leading to Carbazoles. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37428821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Anodic oxidation-promoted aromatization of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles was achieved. Nitrogen-protected tetrahydrocarbazoles could be converted to the corresponding carbazoles with the use of bromide as a mediator. LiBr, an inexpensive bromide source, allowed for efficient transformation in the presence of AcOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Sato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yukiue
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Koichi Mitsudo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Suga
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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36
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Shi X, Zhang S, Wei J, Ye X, Perez A. Accessing Gold π-Acid Reactivity under Electrochemical Anode Oxidation (EAO) through Oxidation Relay. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3088453. [PMID: 37461542 PMCID: PMC10350213 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3088453/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The gold π-acid activation under electrochemical condition is achieved for the first time. While EAO allowing easy access to gold(III) intermediates over alternative chemical oxidation under mild conditions, the reported examples so far limited to coupling reactions due to the rapid AuIII reductive elimination. Using aryl hydrazine-HOTf salt as precursors, the π-activation reaction mode was realized through oxidation relay. Both alkene and alkyne di-functionalization were achieved with excellent functional group compatibility and regioselectivity, which extended the versatility and utility of electrochemical gold redox chemistry for future applications to come.
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37
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Jia F, Zou X, Wei X, Bao W, Ai T, Li W, Guo Y. Synergistic Effect of P Doping and Mo-Ni-Based Heterostructure Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093411. [PMID: 37176293 PMCID: PMC10179828 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructure construction and heteroatom doping are powerful strategies for enhancing the electrolytic efficiency of electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Herein, we present a P-doped MoS2/Ni3S2 electrocatalyst on nickel foam (NF) prepared using a one-step hydrothermal method. The optimized P[0.9mM]-MoS2/Ni3S2@NF exhibits a cluster nanoflower-like morphology, which promotes the synergistic electrocatalytic effect of the heterostructures with abundant active centers, resulting in high catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolyte. The electrode exhibits low overpotentials and Tafel slopes for the HER and OER. In addition, the catalyst electrode used in a two-electrode system for overall water splitting requires an ultralow voltage of 1.42 V at 10 mA·cm-2 and shows no obvious increase in current within 35 h, indicating excellent stability. Therefore, the combination of P doping and the heterostructure suggests a novel path to formulate high-performance electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Xiangyu Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Xueling Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Weiwei Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Taotao Ai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Wenhu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China
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38
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Li Y, Huang Y, Li Z, Sun J. Recent Advances in Regioselective C-H Bond Functionalization of Free Phenols. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083397. [PMID: 37110630 PMCID: PMC10143084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenols are important readily available synthetic building blocks and starting materials for organic synthetic transformations, which are widely found in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. The C-H functionalization of free phenols has proven to be an extremely useful tool in organic synthesis, which provides efficient increases in phenol molecular complexity. Therefore, approaches to functionalizing existing C-H bonds of free phenols have continuously attracted the attention of organic chemists. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and recent advances in ortho-, meta-, and para-selective C-H functionalization of free phenols in the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yekai Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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39
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Wan J, Huang J. Electrochemical Dearomative Amination of Phenol Derivatives: Access to Spirooxazolidinones. Adv Synth Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin‐Lin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing‐Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 People's Republic of China
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40
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Guo C, Li P, Wang S, Liu N, Bu Q, Wang Y, Qiu Y. Selective Electroreductive Hydroboration of Olefins with B 2pin 2. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4569-4580. [PMID: 36944134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron showed great potential in the synthesis of various high-value chemical compounds. Direct hydroboration of olefins has been witnessed over time as a mainstream method for the synthesis of organoboron compounds. In this work, an electroreductive anti-Markovnikov hydroboration approach of olefins with readily available B2pin2 to synthesize valuable organoboron compounds with high chemo- and regioselectivities under metal catalyst-free conditions was reported. This protocol exhibited broad substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance on styrenes and heteroaromatic olefins, providing synthetically useful alkylborons with high efficiency and even various deuterium borylation products with good D-incorporation when CD3CN was employed as solvent. Furthermore, gram-scale reactions and extensive functional derivatization further highlighted the potential of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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41
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You CM, Huang C, Tang S, Xiao P, Wang S, Wei Z, Lei A, Cai H. N-Allylation of Azoles with Hydrogen Evolution Enabled by Visible-Light Photocatalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:1722-1726. [PMID: 36869877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct N-allylation of azoles with hydrogen evolution has been achieved through the synergistic combination of organic photocatalysis and cobalt catalysis. The protocol bypasses stoichiometric oxidants and prefunctionalization of alkenes and produces hydrogen (H2) as the byproduct. This transformation highlights high step- and atom-economy, high efficiency, and broad functional group tolerance for further derivatization, which opens a door for C-N bond formation that is valuable in heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ming You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hu Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, P. R. China
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42
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Gao S, Wang C, Yang J, Zhang J. Cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular reductive cyclization via electrochemistry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1301. [PMID: 36894526 PMCID: PMC9998880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of 1,6-enynes has emerged as a powerful method for the construction of carbocycles and heterocycles. However, very rare examples worked under electrochemical conditions. We report herein a Co-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular reductive coupling of enynes via electrochemistry using H2O as hydride source. The products were obtained in good yields with high regio- and enantioselectivities. It represents the rare progress on the cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective transformation via electrochemistry with a general substrate scope. DFT studies explored the possible reaction pathways and revealed that the oxidative cyclization of enynes by LCo(I) is more favorable than oxidative addition of H2O or other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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43
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Baroliya PK, Dhaker M, Panja S, Al-Thabaiti SA, Albukhari SM, Alsulami QA, Dutta A, Maiti D. Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization Through Electrocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202202201. [PMID: 36881013 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemically promoted transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization has emerged as a promising area of research over the last few decades. However, development in this field is still at an early stage compared to traditional functionalization reactions using chemical-based oxidizing agents. Recent reports have shown increased attention on electrochemically promoted metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization. From the standpoint of sustainability, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness, electrochemically promoted oxidation of a metal catalyst offers a mild, efficient, and atom-economical alternative to traditional chemical oxidants. This Review discusses advances in the field of transition metal-electrocatalyzed C-H functionalization over the past decade and describes how the unique features of electricity enable metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization in an economic and sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Baroliya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Mukesh Dhaker
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Subir Panja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Shaeel Ahmed Al-Thabaiti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha M Albukhari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qana A Alsulami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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44
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Zhou Z, Pan X, Sun L, Xie Y, Zheng J, Li L, Zhao G. Boosting Hydrogen Production via Selective Two-electron Mild Electrochemical Oxidation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines Completely to Dihydroisoquinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216347. [PMID: 36642694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Different from the previous study that biomass derivatives replace water oxidation for enhancing hydrogen production, we found that mild oxidation was more conductive to cathodic hydrogen production. In this study, maximum Faradaic efficiency (>99 %) and lower energy consumption for hydrogen production was achieved by precisely controlling the two-electron mild electrochemical oxidation of tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) to dihydroisoquinolines (DHIQs) in place of the four-electron deep oxidation to isoquinolines (IQs). Moreover, the high value-added DHIQs were prepared from THIQs with high selectivity (>99 %) at the low potential of 1.36 V. Operando electrochemical Raman and density functional theory proved that the high selectivity was attributed to the regulable active species of NiOOH induced by the interaction of Co and Fe for preferentially breaking C-H bond rather than N-H of THIQs. This novel method provides important insight into efficient biomass-assisted hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xun Pan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lingzhi Sun
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Xie
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jingui Zheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lina Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
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45
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Yao QJ, Huang FR, Chen JH, Zhong MY, Shi BF. Enantio- and Regioselective Electrooxidative Cobalt-Catalyzed C-H/N-H Annulation with Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218533. [PMID: 36658097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the merging of electrosynthesis with 3d metal catalyzed C-H activation has emerged as a sustainable and powerful technique in organic synthesis. Despite the impressive advantages, the development of an enantioselective version remains elusive and poses a daunting challenge. Herein, we report the first electrooxidative cobalt-catalyzed enantio- and regioselective C-H/N-H annulation with olefins using an undivided cell at room temperature (up to 99 % ee). t Bu-Salox, a rationally designed Salox ligand bearing a bulky tert-butyl group at the ortho-position of phenol, was found to be crucial for this asymmetric annulation reaction. A strong cooperative effect between t Bu-Salox and 3,4,5-trichloropyridine enabled the highly enantio- and regioselective C-H annulation with the more challenging α-olefins without secondary bond interactions (up to 96 % ee and 97 : 3 rr). Cyclovoltametric studies, and the preparation, characterization, and transformation of cobaltacycle intermediates shed light on the mechanism of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jun Yao
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fan-Rui Huang
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jia-Hao Chen
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ming-Yu Zhong
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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46
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Mou XQ, Ren LC, Wang M, Zhang HH, Cai A, Wan KX, Zhang SM, Cui BD, Zhang Y, Chen YZ. Electrochemically Enabled Intramolecular Amino- and Oxysulfonylation of Alkenes with Sodium Sulfinates to Access Sulfonylated Saturated Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36866581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A practical and efficient electrochemical intramolecular amino- or oxysulfonylation of internal alkenes equipped with pendant nitrogen or oxygen-centered nucleophiles with sodium sulfinate was developed. Under undivided electrolytic cell conditions, a variety of sulfonylated N-heterocycles and O-heterocycles, such as tetrahydrofurans, tetrahydropyrans, oxepanes, tetrahydropyrroles, piperidines, δ-valerolactones, etc., were efficiently prepared from easily accessible unsaturated alcohols, carboxylic acids, and N-tosyl amines without the need for additional metal or exogenous oxidant. The robust electrochemical transformation features excellent redox economy, high diastereoselectivity, and broad substrate specificity, which provide a general and practical access to sulfone-containing heterocycles and would facilitate the related synthetic and biological studies based on this electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Mou
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethno-medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Chen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Ang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Kuan-Xin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethno-medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Dong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethno-medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethno-medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethno-medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
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47
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Yuan H, Ji M, Xue H, Chen H, Zhang Y. Understanding the hydration of arylacetylenes to synthesize the carbonyl compounds via electroreduction of bromide intermediates. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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48
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Shi SH, Yao YF, He J, Li HY, Han SJ, Zhang LL, Zhao Y. Metal-free sulfonylation of quinoxalinones to access 2-sulfonyl-oxylated quinoxalines via oxidative O-S cross coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1903-1909. [PMID: 36757292 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The C2 sulfonylation of quinoxalinones via a metal-free oxidative S-O cross-coupling strategy for synthesizing 2-sulfonyloxylated quinoxalines is established. It effectively solved the long-standing problems in the C2 transformation of quinoxalinones via a metal-free oxidative O-S coupling strategy. Compared with the traditional C2 transformed quinoxalinones-C2 chlorination method, this protocol is mild, facile, and environmentally friendly and exhibits good atomic economy and excellent functional group tolerance. Moreover, the utility of this methodology and the sulfonyloxyl handles was demonstrated through the synthesis of 2-substituted quinoxaline-based bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yi-Fan Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiao He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hao-Yu Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shao-Jie Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Le-Le Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi, China.
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49
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Chakraborty B, Luscombe CK. Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Polymerization via C-H Activation for the Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301247. [PMID: 36849707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their versatile (opto)electronic properties, conjugated polymers have found application in several organic electronic devices. Cross-coupling reactions such as Stille, Suzuki, Kumada couplings, and direct arylation reactions have proved to be effective for their synthesis. More atom-efficient oxidative direct arylation polymerization has also been reported for making homopolymers. However, growing interest toward donor-acceptor polymers has led to the recent emergence of cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) polymerization to synthesize alternating copolymers without any prefunctionalization of monomers. Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of two simple arenes via double C-H activation, or of an arene with an alkene via oxidative Heck-type reaction have been used so far for CDC polymerization. In this article, we discuss the development of CDC polymerization protocols along with the relevant small molecule CDC reactions for an improved understanding of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baitan Chakraborty
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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50
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Xian N, Yin J, Ji X, Deng GJ, Huang H. Visible-Light-Mediated Photoredox Carbon Radical Formation from Aqueous Sulfoxonium Ylides. Org Lett 2023; 25:1161-1165. [PMID: 36757126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The visible-light-induced photoredox carbon radical formation from aqueous sulfoxonium ylides has been demonstrated for the first time. While direct reduction of sulfoxonium ylides by H2O efficiently generates the corresponding hydrocarbon compounds, the use of additional alkenes as radical acceptors alters the chemical reactivity to achieve alkene carboarylation of N-arylacrylamides. Mechanistic studies reveal two different reaction pathways involved in the carbon radical formation from aqueous sulfoxonium ylides resulting in reduction to release dimethyl sulfone and carboarylation to form DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xian
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang Yin
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaochen Ji
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Huawen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China
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