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Xu T, Nie W, Xu Z, Yan C, Liu Y, Zha Q, Wang R, Li Y, Wang L, Ge D, Chen L, Qi X, Chi X, Ding A. Investigation on the budget of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the Yangtze River Delta: Unravelling local photochemistry and regional impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170373. [PMID: 38286297 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is a significant indicator of atmospheric photochemical pollution, which can influence the regional distribution of ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radical (OH) through long-range transport. However, investigations of PAN incorporating comprehensive measurement and explicit modeling analysis are limited, hindering complete understandings of its temporal behavior, sources, and impacts on photochemistry. Here we conducted a 1-year continuous observation of PAN and relative atmospheric species in Nanjing located in Yangtze River Delta (YRD). The annual mean concentration of PAN was 0.62 ± 0.49 ppbv and showed a bimodal monthly variation, peaking in April-June and November-January, respectively. This pattern is different from the typical pattern of photochemistry, suggesting important contributions of other non-photochemical processes. We further analyzed the PAN budget using an observation-based model, by which, PAN from local photochemical production and regional source could be decoupled. Our results revealed that local photochemical production of PAN is the sole contributor to PAN in summer, whereas about half of the total PAN concentration is attributed to regional source in winter. Although the formation of PAN can suppress the atmospheric oxidation capacity by consuming the peroxyacetyl radical and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), our analyses suggested this effect is minor at our station (-3.2 ± 1.1 % in summer and - 7.2 ± 2.8 % in winter for O3 formation). However, it has the potential to enhance O3 and OH formation by 14.16 % and 5.93 %, if transported to cleaner environments with air pollutants halved. Overall, our study highlights the importance of both local photochemistry and regional process in PAN budget and provides a useful evaluation on the impact of PAN on atmospheric oxidation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zheng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China.
| | - Chao Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruoxian Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dafeng Ge
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liangduo Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Li Z, Zhao B, Yin D, Wang S, Qiao X, Jiang J, Li Y, Shen J, He Y, Chang X, Li X, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu C, Qi X, Chen L, Chi X, Jiang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Nie W, Ding A. Modeling the Formation of Organic Compounds across Full Volatility Ranges and Their Contribution to Nanoparticle Growth in a Polluted Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1223-1235. [PMID: 38117938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle growth influences atmospheric particles' climatic effects, and it is largely driven by low-volatility organic vapors. However, the magnitude and mechanism of organics' contribution to nanoparticle growth in polluted environments remain unclear because current observations and models cannot capture organics across full volatility ranges or track their formation chemistry. Here, we develop a mechanistic model that characterizes the full volatility spectrum of organic vapors and their contributions to nanoparticle growth by coupling advanced organic oxidation modeling and kinetic gas-particle partitioning. The model is applied to Nanjing, a typical polluted city, and it effectively captures the volatility distribution of low-volatility organics (with saturation vapor concentrations <0.3 μg/m3), thus accurately reproducing growth rates (GRs), with a 4.91% normalized mean bias. Simulations indicate that as particles grow from 4 to 40 nm, the relative fractions of GRs attributable to organics increase from 59 to 86%, with the remaining contribution from H2SO4 and its clusters. Aromatics contribute much to condensable organic vapors (∼37%), especially low-volatility vapors (∼61%), thus contributing the most to GRs (32-46%) as 4-40 nm particles grow. Alkanes also contribute 19-35% of GRs, while biogenic volatile organic compounds contribute minimally (<13%). Our model helps assess the climatic impacts of particles and predict future changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dejia Yin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiewen Shen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yicong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xing Chang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Transport Pollution Control and Monitoring Technology, Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liangduo Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Fu Z, Ma F, Liu Y, Yan C, Huang D, Chen J, Elm J, Li Y, Ding A, Pichelstorfer L, Xie HB, Nie W, Francisco JS, Zhou P. An overlooked oxidation mechanism of toluene: computational predictions and experimental validations. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13050-13059. [PMID: 38023500 PMCID: PMC10664553 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03638c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) influence the Earth's climate and threaten human health. Aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) are major precursors for SOA formation in the urban atmosphere. However, the revealed oxidation mechanism dramatically underestimates the contribution of AHs to SOA formation, strongly suggesting the importance of seeking additional oxidation pathways for SOA formation. Using toluene, the most abundant AHs, as a model system and the combination of quantum chemical method and field observations based on advanced mass spectrometry, we herein demonstrate that the second-generation oxidation of AHs can form novel epoxides (TEPOX) with high yield. Such TEPOX can further react with H2SO4 or HNO3 in the aerosol phase to form less-volatile compounds including novel non-aromatic and ring-retaining organosulfates or organonitrates through reactive uptakes, providing new candidates of AH-derived organosulfates or organonitrates for future ambient observation. With the newly revealed mechanism, the chemistry-aerosol box modeling revealed that the SOA yield of toluene oxidation can reach up to 0.35, much higher than 0.088 based on the original mechanism under the conditions of pH = 2 and 0.1 ppbv NO. This study opens a route for the formation of reactive uptake SOA precursors from AHs and significantly fills the current knowledge gap for SOA formation in the urban atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chao Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lukas Pichelstorfer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P. O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
- pi-numerics Wallbachsiedlung 28 5202 Neumarkt am W. Austria
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA 19104-6316
| | - Putian Zhou
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki P. O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland
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4
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Nie W, Yan C, Yang L, Roldin P, Liu Y, Vogel AL, Molteni U, Stolzenburg D, Finkenzeller H, Amorim A, Bianchi F, Curtius J, Dada L, Draper DC, Duplissy J, Hansel A, He XC, Hofbauer V, Jokinen T, Kim C, Lehtipalo K, Nichman L, Mauldin RL, Makhmutov V, Mentler B, Mizelli-Ojdanic A, Petäjä T, Quéléver LLJ, Schallhart S, Simon M, Tauber C, Tomé A, Volkamer R, Wagner AC, Wagner R, Wang M, Ye P, Li H, Huang W, Qi X, Lou S, Liu T, Chi X, Dommen J, Baltensperger U, El Haddad I, Kirkby J, Worsnop D, Kulmala M, Donahue NM, Ehn M, Ding A. NO at low concentration can enhance the formation of highly oxygenated biogenic molecules in the atmosphere. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3347. [PMID: 37291087 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between nitrogen monoxide (NO) and organic peroxy radicals (RO2) greatly impacts the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM), the key precursors of secondary organic aerosols. It has been thought that HOM production can be significantly suppressed by NO even at low concentrations. Here, we perform dedicated experiments focusing on HOM formation from monoterpenes at low NO concentrations (0 - 82 pptv). We demonstrate that such low NO can enhance HOM production by modulating the RO2 loss and favoring the formation of alkoxy radicals that can continue to autoxidize through isomerization. These insights suggest that HOM yields from typical boreal forest emissions can vary between 2.5%-6.5%, and HOM formation will not be completely inhibited even at high NO concentrations. Our findings challenge the notion that NO monotonically reduces HOM yields by extending the knowledge of RO2-NO interactions to the low-NO regime. This represents a major advance towards an accurate assessment of HOM budgets, especially in low-NO environments, which prevails in the pre-industrial atmosphere, pristine areas, and the upper boundary layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Chao Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liwen Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- IVL, Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SE-211 19, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yuliang Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alexander L Vogel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Ugo Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA and FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Danielle C Draper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute of Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Xu-Cheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, P.O. Box 27456, Nicosia, CY-1645, Cyprus
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leonid Nichman
- Flight Research Laboratory, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, ON, Canada
| | - Roy L Mauldin
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53, Leninskiy Prospekt, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 1A Kerchenskaya st., Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bernhard Mentler
- Ion Molecule Reactions & Environmental Physics Group Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics Leopold-Franzens University, Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Mizelli-Ojdanic
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering, FH Technikum Wien - University of Applied Sciences, 1200, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauriane L J Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon Schallhart
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Christian Tauber
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - António Tomé
- IDL-Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês D'Ávila e, Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Andrea C Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
- Department of Chemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Penglin Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sijia Lou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tengyu Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Douglas Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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5
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Wang C, Chen X, Liu Y, Huang T, Jiang S. Theoretical Study of the Gas-Phase Hydrolysis of Formaldehyde to Produce Methanediol and Its Implication to New Particle Formation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15467-15478. [PMID: 37151514 PMCID: PMC10157852 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes were speculated to be important precursor species in new particle formation (NPF). The direct involvement of formaldehyde (CH2O) in sulfuric acid and water nucleation is negligible; however, whether its atmospheric hydrolysate, methanediol (CH2(OH)2), which contains two hydroxyl groups, participates in NPF is not known. This work investigates both CH2O hydrolysis and NPF from sulfuric acid and CH2(OH)2 with quantum chemistry calculations and atmospheric cluster dynamics modeling. Kinetic calculation shows that reaction rates of the gas-phase hydrolysis of CH2O catalyzed by sulfuric acid are 11-15 orders of magnitude faster than those of the naked path at 253-298 K. Based on structures and the calculated formation Gibbs free energies, the interaction between sulfuric acid/its dimer/its trimer and CH2(OH)2 is thermodynamically favorable, and CH2(OH)2 forms hydrogen bonds with sulfuric acid/its dimer/its trimer via two hydroxyl groups to stabilize clusters. Our further cluster kinetic calculations suggested that the particle formation rates of the system are higher than those of the binary system of sulfuric acid and water at ambient low sulfuric acid concentrations and low relative humidity. In addition, the formation rate is found to present a negative temperature dependence because evaporation rate constants contribute significantly to it. However, cluster growth is essentially limited by the weak formation of the largest clusters, which implies that other stabilizing vapors are required for stable cluster formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Wang
- School
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei 238024, Anhui, China
- Water
Environment Research Center, Chaohu University, Hefei 238024, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoju Chen
- School
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Chaohu University, Hefei 238024, Anhui, China
| | - Yirong Liu
- School
of Information Science and Technology, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui
Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School
of Information Science and Technology, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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Wang J, Wang J, Nie W, Chi X, Ge D, Zhu C, Wang L, Li Y, Huang X, Qi X, Zhang Y, Liu T, Ding A. Response of organic aerosol characteristics to emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta region. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 17:114. [PMID: 37125146 PMCID: PMC10117276 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-023-1714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic aerosol (OA) is a major component of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with complex composition and formation processes influenced by various factors. Emission reduction can alter both precursors and oxidants which further affects secondary OA formation. Here we provide an observational analysis of secondary OA (SOA) variation properties in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of eastern China in response to large scale of emission reduction during Chinese New Year (CNY) holidays from 2015 to 2020, and the COVID-19 pandemic period from January to March, 2020. We found a 17% increase of SOA proportion during the COVID lockdown. The relative enrichment of SOA is also found during multi-year CNY holidays with dramatic reduction of anthropogenic emissions. Two types of oxygenated OA (OOA) influenced by mixed emissions and SOA formation were found to be the dominant components during the lockdown in YRD region. Our results highlight that these emission-reduction-induced changes in organic aerosol need to be considered in the future to optimize air pollution control measures. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11783-023-1714-0 and is accessible for authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Dafeng Ge
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Caijun Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Xin Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Tengyu Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, 210023 China
- National Observation and Research Station for Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Change in Yangtze River Delta, Nanjing, 210023 China
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7
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Wang L, Liang D, Liu J, Du L, Vejerano E, Zhang X. Unexpected catalytic influence of atmospheric pollutants on the formation of environmentally persistent free radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134854. [PMID: 35533943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been recognized as harmful and persistent environmental pollutants. In polluted regions, many acidic and basic atmospheric pollutants, which are present at high concentrations, may influence the extent of the formation of EPFRs. In the present paper, density functional theory (DFT) and ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations were performed to investigate the formation mechanisms of EPFRs with the influence of the acidic pollutants sulfuric acid (SA), nitric acid (NA), organic acid (OA), and the basic pollutants, ammonia (A), dimethylamine (DMA) on α-Al2O3 (0001) surface. Results indicate that both acidic and basic pollutants can enhance the formation of EPFRs by acting as "bridge" or "semi-bridge" roles by proceeding via a barrierless process. Acidic pollutants enhance the formation of EPFRs by first transferring its hydrogen atom to the α-Al2O3 surface and subsequently reacting with phenol to form an EPFR. In contrast, basic pollutants enhance the formation of EPFRs by first abstracting a hydrogen atom from phenol to form a phenoxy EPFR and eventually interacting with the α-Al2O3 surface. These new mechanistic insights will inform in understanding the abundant EPFRs in polluted regions with high mass concentrations of acidic and basic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Danli Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of National Land Space Planning and Disaster Emergency Management of Inner Mongolia, School of Resources, Environment and Architectural Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Eric Vejerano
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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