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Sun X, Hao Z, Zhou X, Chen J, Zhang Y. Advanced capacitive deionization for ion selective separation: Insights into mechanism over a functional classification. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140601. [PMID: 37918536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the diversity and variability of harmful ions in polluted water bodies, the selective removal and separation for specific ions is of great significance in water purification and resource processes. Capacitive deionization (CDI), an emerging desalination technology, shows great potential to selectively remove harmful ionic pollutants and further recover valuable ions because of the simple operation and low energy consumption. Researchers have done a lot of work to investigate ion selectivity utilizing CDI, including both theoretical and experimental studies. Nevertheless, in the investigation of selective mechanisms, phenomena where carbon materials exhibit entirely opposite selectivity require further analysis. Furthermore, there is a need to summarize the specific chemical reaction mechanisms, including the formation of hydrogen bonds, complexation reactions, and ligand exchanges, within selective electrodes, which have not been thoroughly examined in detail previously. In order to fill these gaps, in this review, we summarized the recent progress of CDI technologies for ion selective separation, and explored the selective separation mechanism of CDI from three aspects: selective physical adsorption, specific chemical reaction, and the utilization of selective barriers. Additionally, this review analyzes in detail the formation process of chemical bonds and ion conversion pathways when ions interact with electrode materials. Finally, some significant development prospects and challenges were offered for the future selective CDI systems. We believe the review will provide new insights for researchers in the field of ion selective separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zewei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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He Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Miller CJ, Fletcher J, Lian B, Waite TD. Insufficient desorption of ions in constant-current membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI): Problems and solutions. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120273. [PMID: 37393810 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is a water desalination technology that involves the removal of charged ions from water under an electric field. While constant-current MCDI coupled with stopped-flow during ion discharge is expected to exhibit high water recovery and good performance stability, previous studies have typically been undertaken using NaCl solutions only with limited investigation of MCDI performance using multi-electrolyte solutions. In the present work, the desalination performance of MCDI was evaluated using feed solutions with different levels of hardness. The increase of hardness resulted in the degradation of desalination performance with the desalination time (Δtd), total removed charge, water recovery (WR) and productivity decreasing by 20.5%, 21.8%, 3.8% and 3.2%, respectively. A more serious degradation of WR and productivity would be caused if Δtd decreases further. Analysis of the voltage profiles and effluent ion concentrations reveal that the insufficient desorption of divalent ions at constant-current discharge to 0 V was the principal reason for the degradation of performance. The Δtd and WR can be improved by discharging the cell using a lower current but the productivity decreased by 15.7% on decreasing the discharging current from 161 to 107 mA. Discharging the cell to a negative potential was shown to be a better option with the Δtd, total removed charge, WR and productivity increasing by 27.4%, 23.9%, 3.6% and 5.3%, respectively, when the cell was discharged to a minimum voltage of - 0.3 V. Use of such a method should be feasible for operation of full scale MCDI plants and would be expected to lead to better regeneration of the electrode, improved desalination performance and, potentially, a significant reduction in the need for use of clean-in-place procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhao He
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, P. R. China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yingnan Li
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, P. R. China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuan Wang
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, P. R. China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Miller
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - John Fletcher
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Boyue Lian
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, P. R. China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Chernyshova I, Suup M, Kihlblom C, Kota HR, Aasly K, Ponnurangam S. Green Mining of Mining Water Using Surface E-Precipitation.. [DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4462994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Wang XR, Wang X, Nian HE, Chen T, Zhang L, Song S, Li JH, Wang Y. Hierarchical MXene/Polypyrrole-Decorated Carbon Nanofibers for Asymmetrical Capacitive Deionization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53150-53164. [PMID: 36394639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) has emerged as a promising electric-field-driven technology for brackish water desalination and specific salt or charged ion separation. The use of carbon-based or pseudocapacitive materials alone for MCDI usually suffers from the drawbacks of low desalination capacity and poor cycling stability due to their limited accessible adsorption sites and obstructed charge-carrier diffusion pathways. Therefore, developing a hybrid electrode material with multiple charge storage mechanisms and continuous electron/ion transport pathways that can synergistically improve its specific capacitance and cycling durability has currently become one of the most critical technical demands. Herein, we developed a novel hierarchically architectured hybrid electrode by first spinning MXene into polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon nanofibers (MCNFs) to obtain a highly conductive carbon nanocomposite framework. The excellent spatial support structure can effectively prevent the dense packing of Cl-- and DBS--doped polypyrrole (PPy) molecular chains during the following electrodeposition process, which not only ensures the efficient transport of electrons in the continuous hybrid carbon nanofibrous skeleton but also provides abundant accessible sites for ion adsorption and insertion. The obtained self-supporting membrane electrodes (MCNF@PPy+Cl- and MCNF@PPy+DBS-) have the advantages of outstanding specific capacitance (318.4 and 153.9 F/g, respectively), low charge transfer resistance (10.0 and 5.3 Ω, respectively), and excellent cycling performance (78% and 90% capacitance retention ratios, respectively, after 250 electrochemical cycles). Furthermore, the asymmetrical membrane electrodes showed a superior desalination capacity of 91.2 mg g-1 in 500 mg/L NaCl aqueous solution and obvious divalent ion (Ca2+, Mg2+) selective adsorption properties in high-salt water from the cooling towers of thermal power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-En Nian
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Chen
- Institute of Mineral Resources Research, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Beijing101300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Zhunneng Gangue Power Company, China Energy Investment Corporation, Ordos, Inner Mongolia010300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
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Nir O, Oren Y, Musie, Atshba W, Chandra A, Geller Y, Chaudhary M, Monat L, Singh P, Zevenhoven R. Reactive transport in membrane separation modeling: a perspective. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kang JS, Kim S, Kang J, Joo H, Jang J, Jo K, Park S, Kim HI, Yoo SJ, Yoon J, Sung YE, Hatton TA. Surface Electrochemistry of Carbon Electrodes and Faradaic Reactions in Capacitive Deionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12602-12612. [PMID: 35998306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in electrochemical desalination techniques have paved way for utilization of saline water. In particular, capacitive deionization (CDI) enables removal of salts with high energy efficiency and economic feasibility, while its applicability has been challenged by degradation of carbon electrodes in long-term operations. Herein, we report a thorough investigation on the surface electrochemistry of carbon electrodes and Faradaic reactions that are responsible for stability issues of CDI systems. By using bare and membrane CDI (MCDI) as model systems, we identified various electrochemical reactions of carbon electrodes with water or oxygen, with thermodynamics and kinetics governed by the electrode potential and pH. As a result, a complete overview of the Faradaic reactions taking place in CDI was constructed by tracing the physicochemical changes occurring in CDI and MCDI systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Soo Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Resources Engineering and Research Institute of Energy and Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoni Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajoo Joo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusik Jo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Center for Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyong Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - T Alan Hatton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Tang K, Zheng H, Du P, Zhou K. Simultaneous Fractionation, Desalination, and Dye Removal of Dye/Salt Mixtures by Carbon Cloth-Modified Flow-electrode Capacitive Deionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8885-8896. [PMID: 35658453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The critical challenges of using electromembrane processes [e.g., electrodialysis and flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI)] to recycle resources (e.g., water, salts, and organic compounds) from wastewater are the fractionation of dissolved ionic matter, the removal/recovery of organic components during desalination, and membrane antifouling. This study realized the simultaneous fractionation, desalination, and dye removal/recovery (FDR) treatment of dye/salt mixtures through a simple but effective approach, that is, using a carbon cloth-modified FCDI (CC-FCDI) unit, in which the carbon cloth layer was attached to the surface of each ion-exchange membrane (IEM). The IEMs and carbon-based flow-electrodes were responsible for the fractionation and desalination of dye and salt ions, while the carbon cloth layers contributed to the active membrane antifouling and dye removal/recovery by the electrosorption mechanism. Attributed to such features, the CC-FCDI unit accomplished the effective FDR treatment of dye/salt mixtures with wide ranges of salt and dye concentrations (5-20 g L-1 NaCl and 200-800 ppm methylene blue) and different dye components (cationic and anionic dyes) under various applied voltages (1.2-3.2 V). Moreover, the active membrane antifouling by virtue of the carbon cloth facilitated the excellent and sustainable FDR performance of CC-FCDI. The removal/recovery of dyes from the carbon cloth strongly depends on the characteristics of dye molecules, the surface properties of the carbon cloth, and the local pH at the IEM/CC interfaces. This study sheds light on the strategies of using multifunctional layer-modified FCDI units to reclaim resources from various high-salinity organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Tang
- Environmental Process Modelling Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Han Zheng
- Environmental Process Modelling Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Penghui Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Environmental Process Modelling Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Long W, She Q. A multifunctional and low-energy electrochemical membrane system for chemical-free regulation of solution pH. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118330. [PMID: 35358878 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A proper pH environment is essential for a wide variety of industries and applications especially related to water treatment. Current methods for pH adjustment including addition of acid/base and electrochemical processes demonstrate disadvantages associated with environment and energy. Here, we designed a multifunctional electrochemical membrane system (EMS) with one piece of filtration membrane inserted into an electrochemical cell. When electrical field was applied, OH- and H+ ions were produced from reduction and oxidation reactions at cathode and anode, respectively. The membrane posed a resistance for the transport of OH- and H+ ions and prevented their mixing in the cell. The EMS can be also operated in a filtration mode, which could simultaneously regulate permeate and feed pH and accomplish water filtration. In both non-filtration and filtration modes, EMS could achieve effective control of solution pH over a wide range by exerting different voltages without dosing any chemicals. Under the voltage of 1.2 V, the solution pH could reach and be maintained at 10.7 and 3.3 in cathodic and anodic channels, respectively. Furthermore, it was experimentally demonstrated that the EMS only consumed extremely low energy. This, together with membrane filtration in an integrated manner, highlights the huge potential of the EMS for applications in various water industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Long
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141
| | - Qianhong She
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141.
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