1
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Salana S, Yu H, Dai Z, Subramanian PSG, Puthussery JV, Wang Y, Singh A, Pope FD, Leiva G MA, Rastogi N, Tripathi SN, Weber RJ, Verma V. Inter-continental variability in the relationship of oxidative potential and cytotoxicity with PM 2.5 mass. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5263. [PMID: 38898130 PMCID: PMC11187120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Most fine ambient particulate matter (PM2.5)-based epidemiological models use globalized concentration-response (CR) functions assuming that the toxicity of PM2.5 is solely mass-dependent without considering its chemical composition. Although oxidative potential (OP) has emerged as an alternate metric of PM2.5 toxicity, the association between PM2.5 mass and OP on a large spatial extent has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluate this relationship using 385 PM2.5 samples collected from 14 different sites across 4 different continents and using 5 different OP (and cytotoxicity) endpoints. Our results show that the relationship between PM2.5 mass vs. OP (and cytotoxicity) is largely non-linear due to significant differences in the intrinsic toxicity, resulting from a spatially heterogeneous chemical composition of PM2.5. These results emphasize the need to develop localized CR functions incorporating other measures of PM2.5 properties (e.g., OP) to better predict the PM2.5-attributed health burdens.
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Grants
- CBET-1847237 NSF | ENG/OAD | Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET)
- CBET-2012149 NSF | ENG/OAD | Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET)
- Centre of Excellence Advanced Technologies for Monitoring Air-quality iNdicators (ATMAN) approved by the PSA office, Government of India, and supported by a group of philanthropic funders, including the Bloomberg Philanthropies, the Open Philanthropy, and the Clean Air Fund
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Salana
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Haoran Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zhuying Dai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - P S Ganesh Subramanian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Joseph V Puthussery
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Energy, Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- College of Health, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Ajit Singh
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Manuel A Leiva G
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Neeraj Rastogi
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380009, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Rodney J Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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2
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Perraud V, Blake DR, Wingen LM, Barletta B, Bauer PS, Campos J, Ezell MJ, Guenther A, Johnson KN, Lee M, Meinardi S, Patterson J, Saltzman ES, Thomas AE, Smith JN, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Unrecognized volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from brake wear. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:928-941. [PMID: 38635247 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Motor vehicles are among the major sources of pollutants and greenhouse gases in urban areas and a transition to "zero emission vehicles" is underway worldwide. However, emissions associated with brake and tire wear will remain. We show here that previously unrecognized volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds, which have a similarity to biomass burning emissions are emitted during braking. These include greenhouse gases or, these classified as Hazardous Air Pollutants, as well as nitrogen-containing organics, nitrogen oxides and ammonia. The distribution and reactivity of these gaseous emissions are such that they can react in air to form ozone and other secondary pollutants with adverse health and climate consequences. Some of the compounds may prove to be unique markers of brake emissions. At higher temperatures, nucleation and growth of nanoparticles is also observed. Regions with high traffic, which are often disadvantaged communities, as well as commuters can be impacted by these emissions even after combustion-powered vehicles are phased out.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Perraud
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - D R Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - L M Wingen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - B Barletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - P S Bauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - J Campos
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M J Ezell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - A Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - K N Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - M Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - S Meinardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - J Patterson
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - E S Saltzman
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - A E Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - J N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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3
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Li J, Hua C, Ma L, Chen K, Zheng F, Chen Q, Bao X, Sun J, Xie R, Bianchi F, Kerminen VM, Petäjä T, Kulmala M, Liu Y. Key drivers of the oxidative potential of PM 2.5 in Beijing in the context of air quality improvement from 2018 to 2022. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108724. [PMID: 38735076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been continuously decreasing in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. However, health endpoints do not exhibit a linear correlation with PM mass concentrations. Thus, it is urgent to clarify the prior toxicological components of PM to further improve air quality. In this study, we analyzed the long-term oxidative potential (OP) of water-soluble PM2.5, which is generally considered more effective in assessing hazardous exposure to PM in Beijing from 2018 to 2022 based on the dithiothreitol assay and identified the crucial drivers of the OP of PM2.5 based on online monitoring of air pollutants, receptor model, and random forest (RF) model. Our results indicate that dust, traffic, and biomass combustion are the main sources of the OP of PM2.5 in Beijing. The complex interactions of dust particles, black carbon, and gaseous pollutants (nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide) are the main factors driving the OP evolution, in particular, leading to the abnormal rise of OP in Beijing in 2022. Our data shows that a higher OP is observed in winter and spring compared to summer and autumn. The diurnal variation of the OP is characterized by a declining trend from 0:00 to 14:00 and an increasing trend from 14:00 to 23:00. The spatial variation in OP of PM2.5 was observed as the OP in Beijing is lower than that in Shijiazhuang, while it is higher than that in Zhenjiang and Haikou, which is primarily influenced by the distribution of black carbon. Our results are of significance in identifying the key drivers influencing the OP of PM2.5 and provide new insights for advancing air quality improvement efforts with a focus on safeguarding human health in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Li
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenjie Hua
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Ma
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kaiyun Chen
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Feixue Zheng
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaolei Bao
- Hebei Chemical & Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Jiangsu Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Rongfu Xie
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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4
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Thomas AE, Bauer PS, Dam M, Perraud V, Wingen LM, Smith JN. Automotive braking is a source of highly charged aerosol particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313897121. [PMID: 38466875 PMCID: PMC10990126 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313897121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the last several decades have seen a dramatic reduction in emissions from vehicular exhaust, nonexhaust emissions (e.g., brake and tire wear) represent an increasingly significant class of traffic-related particulate pollution. Aerosol particles emitted from the wear of automotive brake pads contribute roughly half of the particle mass attributed to nonexhaust sources, while their relative contribution to urban air pollution overall will almost certainly grow coinciding with vehicle fleet electrification and the transition to alternative fuels. To better understand the implications of this growing prominence, a more thorough understanding of the physicochemical properties of brake wear particles (BWPs) is needed. Here, we investigate the electrical properties of BWPs as emitted from ceramic and semi-metallic brake pads. We show that up to 80% of BWPs emitted are electrically charged and that this fraction is strongly dependent on the specific brake pad material used. A dependence of the number of charges per particle on charge polarity and particle size is also demonstrated. We find that brake wear produces both positive and negative charged particles that can hold in excess of 30 elementary charges and show evidence that more negative charges are produced than positive. Our results will provide insights into the currently limited understanding of BWPs and their charging mechanisms, which potentially have significant implications on their atmospheric lifetimes and thus their relevance to climate and air quality. In addition, our study will inform future efforts to remove BWP emissions before entering the atmosphere by taking advantage of their electric charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Paulus S. Bauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Michelia Dam
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | | | - Lisa M. Wingen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
| | - James N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA92697
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5
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O'Sharkey K, Meng Q, Mitra S, Paik SA, Liu J, Shen J, Thompson LK, Chow T, Su J, Cockburn M, Weichenthal S, Paulson SE, Jerrett M, Ritz B. Associations between brake and tire wear-related PM 2.5 metal components, particulate oxidative stress potential, and autism spectrum disorder in Southern California. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108573. [PMID: 38484609 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is a global health concern, with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) constituents posing potential risks to human health, including children's neurodevelopment. Here we investigated associations between exposure during pregnancy and infancy to specific traffic-related PM2.5 components with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis. METHODS For exposure assessment, we estimated PM2.5 components related to traffic exposure (Barium [Ba] as a marker of brake dust and Zinc [Zn] as a tire wear marker, Black Carbon [BC]) and oxidative stress potential (OSP) markers (Hydroxyl Radical [OPOH] formation, Dithiothreitol activity [OPDTT], reactive oxygen species [ROS]) modeled with land use regression with co-kriging based on an intensive air monitoring campaign. We assigned exposures to a cohort of 444,651 children born in Southern California between 2016 and 2019, among whom 11,466 ASD cases were diagnosed between 2018 and 2022, Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained with logistic regression for single pollutant and PM2.5 mass co-adjusted models, also adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Among PM2.5 components, we found the strongest positive association with ASD for our brake wear marker Ba (ORper IQR = 1.29, 95 % CI: 1.24, 1.34). This was followed by an increased risk for all PM2.5 oxidative stress potential markers; the strongest association was with ROS formation (ORper IQR = 1.22, 95 % CI: 1.18, 1.25). PM2.5 mass was linked to ASD in Hispanic and Black children, but not White children, while traffic-related PM2.5 and OSP markers increased ASD risk across all groups. In neighborhoods with the lowest socioeconomic status (SES), associations with ASD were stronger for all examined pollutants compared to higher SES areas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that brake wear-related PM2.5 and PM2.5 OSP are associated with ASD diagnosis in Southern California. These results suggest that strategies aimed at reducing the public health impacts of PM2.5 need to consider specific sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl O'Sharkey
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sanjali Mitra
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Seung-A Paik
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Department of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Laura K Thompson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jason Su
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Myles Cockburn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G4, Canada
| | - Susanne E Paulson
- Department of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Jerrett
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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6
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Lelieveld S, Lelieveld J, Mishra A, Daiber A, Pozzer A, Pöschl U, Berkemeier T. Endogenous Nitric Oxide Can Enhance Oxidative Stress Caused by Air Pollutants and Explain Higher Susceptibility of Individuals with Inflammatory Disorders. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1823-1831. [PMID: 38235527 PMCID: PMC10832043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution causes morbidity and excess mortality. In the epithelial lining fluid of the respiratory tract, air pollutants trigger a chemical reaction sequence that causes the formation of noxious hydroxyl radicals that drive oxidative stress. For hitherto unknown reasons, individuals with pre-existing inflammatory disorders are particularly susceptible to air pollution. Through detailed multiphase chemical kinetic analysis, we show that the commonly elevated concentrations of endogenous nitric oxide in diseased individuals can increase the production of hydroxyl radicals via peroxynitrite formation. Our findings offer a molecular rationale of how adverse health effects and oxidative stress caused by air pollutants may be exacerbated by inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lelieveld
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere
Research Center, the Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Ashmi Mishra
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department
of Cardiology, University Medical Center
of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55131, Germany
- German
Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Andrea Pozzer
- Atmospheric
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere
Research Center, the Cyprus Institute, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Multiphase
Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute
for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
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7
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Zhang Q, Ma H, Li J, Jiang H, Chen W, Wan C, Jiang B, Dong G, Zeng X, Chen D, Lu S, You J, Yu Z, Wang X, Zhang G. Nitroaromatic Compounds from Secondary Nitrate Formation and Biomass Burning Are Major Proinflammatory Components in Organic Aerosols in Guangzhou: A Bioassay Combining High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21570-21580. [PMID: 37989488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The limited characterization and detection capacity of unknown compounds hinder our understanding of the molecular composition of toxic compounds in PM2.5. The present study applied Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with negative and positive electrospray ionization sources (ESI-/ESI+ FT-ICR-MS) to probe the molecular characteristics and dynamic formation processes of the effective proinflammatory components in organic aerosols (OAs) of PM2.5 in Guangzhou for one year. We detected abundant proinflammatory molecules in OAs, mainly classified as CHON compounds (compounds composed of C, H, O, and N atoms) in elemental and nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) in structures. From the perspective of the formation process, we discovered that these proinflammatory molecules, especially toxic NACs, were largely driven by secondary nitrate formation and biomass burning (in emission source), as well as SO2 (in atmospheric evolution). In addition, our results indicated that the secondary processes had replaced the primary emission as the main contributing source of the toxic proinflammatory compounds in OAs. This study highlights the importance of community measures to control the production of nitroaromatic compounds derived from secondary nitrate formation and biomass burning in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huimin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongxing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Duohong Chen
- Department of Air Quality Forecasting and Early Warning, Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangdong Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Secondary Pollution, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jing You
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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8
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Singh A, Patel A, Satish R, Tripathi SN, Rastogi N. Wintertime oxidative potential of PM 2.5 over a big urban city in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167155. [PMID: 37730043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) experiences a heavy load of particulate pollution impacting the 9 % of the global population living in this region. The present study examines the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay-based oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 and the major sources responsible for the observed OP over the central IGP (Kanpur) during winter. The volume normalized OP (OPV) of PM2.5 varied from 2.7 to 10 nmol DTT min-1 m-3 (5.5 ± 1.5) and mass normalized OP (OPM) of PM2.5 varied from 19 to 58 pmol DTT min-1 μg-1 (34 ± 8.0), respectively. Major sources of PM2.5 were identified using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) and the contribution of these sources to observed OP was estimated through multivariate linear regression of OPv with PMF-resolved factors. Although the PM2.5 mass was dominated by secondary aerosols (SA, 28 %), followed by crustal dust (CD, 24 %), resuspended fine dust (RFD, 14 %), traffic emissions (TE, 8 %), industrial emissions (IE, 17 %), and trash burning (TB, 9 %), their proportionate contribution to OP (except SA) was different likely due to differences in redox properties of chemical species coming from these sources. The SA showed the highest contribution (23 %) to observed OP, followed by RFD (19 %), IE (8 %), TE & TB (5 %), CD (4 %), and others (36 %). Our results highlight the significance of determining the chemical composition of particulates along with their mass concentrations for a better understanding of the relationship between PM and health impacts. Such studies are still lacking in the literature, and these results have direct implications for making better mitigation strategies for healthier air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinderpal Singh
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, India; Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - Anil Patel
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, India
| | - R Satish
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, India
| | - S N Tripathi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 016, India
| | - Neeraj Rastogi
- Geosciences Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380 009, India.
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9
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Fadel M, Courcot D, Delmaire G, Roussel G, Afif C, Ledoux F. Source apportionment of PM 2.5 oxidative potential in an East Mediterranean site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165843. [PMID: 37516168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative potential (OP) of PM2.5 collected for almost a year in an urban area of the East Mediterranean. Two acellular assays, based on ascorbic acid (AA) and dithiothreitol (DTT) depletion, were used to measure the OP. The results showed that the mean volume normalized OP-AAv value was 0.64 ± 0.29 nmol·min-1·m-3 and the mean OP-DTTv was 0.49 ± 0.26 nmol·min-1·m-3. Several approaches were adopted in this work to study the relationship between the species in PM2.5 (carbonaceous matter, water-soluble ions, major and trace elements, and organic compounds) or their sources and OP values. Spearman correlations revealed strong correlations of OP-AAv with carbonaceous subfractions as well as organic compounds while OP-DTTv seemed to be more correlated with elements emitted from different anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression method was used to estimate the contribution of PM2.5 sources, determined by a source-receptor model (Positive Matrix Factorization), to the OP values. The results showed that the sources that highly contribute to the PM2.5 mass (crustal dust and ammonium sulfate) were not the major sources contributing to the values of OP. Instead, 69 % of OP-AAv and 62 % of OP-DTTv values were explained by three local anthropogenic sources: Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) combustion from a power plant, biomass burning, and road traffic emissions. As for the seasonal variations, higher OP-AAv values were observed during winter compared to summer, while OP-DTTv did not show any significant differences between the two seasons. The contribution of biomass burning during winter was 33 and 34 times higher compared to summer for OP-AAv and OP-DTTv, respectively. On the other hand, higher contributions were observed for HFO combustion during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fadel
- Emissions, Measurements, and Modeling of the Atmosphere (EMMA) Laboratory, CAR, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France
| | - Gilles Delmaire
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Signal et Image de la Côte d'Opale (LISIC), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62228, Calais, France
| | - Gilles Roussel
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Signal et Image de la Côte d'Opale (LISIC), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62228, Calais, France
| | - Charbel Afif
- Emissions, Measurements, and Modeling of the Atmosphere (EMMA) Laboratory, CAR, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV UR4492, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Dunkerque, France.
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Meng Q, Liu J, Shen J, Del Rosario I, Lakey PS, Shiraiwa M, Su J, Weichenthal S, Zhu Y, Oroumiyeh F, Paulson SE, Jerrett M, Ritz B. Fine Particulate Matter Metal Composition, Oxidative Potential, and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Los Angeles. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107012. [PMID: 37878796 PMCID: PMC10599636 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have linked prenatal exposure to PM 2.5 to adverse birth outcomes, little is known about the effects of exposure to specific constituents of PM 2.5 or mechanisms that contribute to these outcomes. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to investigate effects of oxidative potential and PM 2.5 metal components from non-exhaust traffic emissions, such as brake and tire wear, on the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and term low birth weight (TLBW). METHODS For a birth cohort of 285,614 singletons born in Los Angeles County, California, in the period 2017-2019, we estimated speciated PM 2.5 exposures modeled from land use regression with cokriging, including brake and tire wear related metals (barium and zinc), black carbon, and three markers of oxidative potential (OP), including modeled reactive oxygen species based on measured iron and copper (ROS), OH formation (OP OH ), and dithiothreitol (DTT) loss (OP DTT ). Using logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PTB and TLBW with speciated PM 2.5 exposures and PM 2.5 mass as continuous variables scaled by their interquartile range (IQR). RESULTS For both metals and oxidative potential metrics, we estimated increased risks for PTB (ORs ranging from 1.01 to 1.03) and TLBW (ORs ranging from 1.02 to 1.05) per IQR exposure increment that were robust to adjustment for PM 2.5 mass. Associations for PM 2.5 mass, black carbon, metal components, and oxidative potential (especially ROS and OP OH ) with adverse birth outcomes were stronger in Hispanic, Black, and mixed-race or Native American women. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that exposure to PM 2.5 metals from brake and tire wear and particle components that contribute to oxidative potential were associated with an increased risk of PTB and TLBW in Los Angeles County, particularly among Hispanic, Black, and mixed-race or Native American women. Thus, reduction of PM 2.5 mass only may not be sufficient to protect the most vulnerable pregnant women and children from adverse effects due to traffic source exposures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12196.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Department of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irish Del Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pascale S.J. Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jason Su
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Farzan Oroumiyeh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Paulson
- Department of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Jerrett
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Karl M, Ramacher MOP, Oppo S, Lanzi L, Majamäki E, Jalkanen JP, Lanzafame GM, Temime-Roussel B, Le Berre L, D’Anna B. Measurement and Modeling of Ship-Related Ultrafine Particles and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Mediterranean Port City. TOXICS 2023; 11:771. [PMID: 37755781 PMCID: PMC10535743 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Maritime transport emerges as a major source of ultrafine particle (UFP) pollution in coastal regions with consequences for the health of people living in port cities. Inhalation of UFPs can cause inflammation and oxidative stress, which are starting points for further diseases. In addition to primary particles, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) may form through the photo-oxidation of volatile organic compounds emitted in ship exhaust. The characterization of size-segregated and chemical properties of particles is essential for assessing the health implications related to shipping. We applied a coupled regional-local chemistry transport modeling system to study the effects of ship emissions on atmospheric concentrations of UFP and SOA in the Mediterranean port city Marseille (France), which is characterized by the combination of high port activity, industrialized emissions, and active photochemistry in summer. Our results show that the average potential impact from local shipping in the port area was 6-9% for SOA and 27-51% for total particle number concentration in July 2020. The estimated oxidative potential of daily mean particulate organic matter related to shipping was lower than the oxidative potential reported for heavy fuel oil (HFO). The lower oxidative potential in this study is very likely due to the low share of ships using HFO during stopover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Karl
- Department of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany;
| | | | - Sonia Oppo
- AtmoSud, Air Quality Observatory in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Region, 13006 Marseille, France; (S.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Ludovic Lanzi
- AtmoSud, Air Quality Observatory in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur Region, 13006 Marseille, France; (S.O.); (L.L.)
| | - Elisa Majamäki
- FMI (Finnish Meteorological Institute), 00560 Helsinki, Finland; (E.M.); (J.-P.J.)
| | - Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen
- FMI (Finnish Meteorological Institute), 00560 Helsinki, Finland; (E.M.); (J.-P.J.)
| | - Grazia Maria Lanzafame
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de l’Environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université, 13003 Marseille, France; (G.M.L.); (B.T.-R.); (L.L.B.); (B.D.)
| | - Brice Temime-Roussel
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de l’Environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université, 13003 Marseille, France; (G.M.L.); (B.T.-R.); (L.L.B.); (B.D.)
| | - Lise Le Berre
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de l’Environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université, 13003 Marseille, France; (G.M.L.); (B.T.-R.); (L.L.B.); (B.D.)
| | - Barbara D’Anna
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de l’Environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université, 13003 Marseille, France; (G.M.L.); (B.T.-R.); (L.L.B.); (B.D.)
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Mishra A, Lelieveld S, Pöschl U, Berkemeier T. Multiphase Kinetic Modeling of Air Pollutant Effects on Protein Modification and Nitrotyrosine Formation in Epithelial Lining Fluid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12642-12653. [PMID: 37587684 PMCID: PMC10469477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air pollution is a major risk factor for human health. Inhalation of air pollutants can enhance the formation of reactive species in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the respiratory tract and can lead to oxidative stress and oxidative damage. Here, we investigate the chemical modification of proteins by reactive species from air pollution and endogenous biological sources using an extended version of the multiphase chemical kinetic model KM-SUB-ELF 2.0 with a detailed mechanism of protein modification. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (•NO2) act synergistically and increase the formation of nitrotyrosine (Ntyr), a common biomarker of oxidative stress. Ozone (O3) is found to be a burden on the antioxidant defense system but without substantial influence on the Ntyr concentration. In simulations with low levels of air pollution, the Ntyr concentration in the ELF is consistent with the range of literature values for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy individuals. With high levels of air pollution, however, we obtain strongly elevated Ntyr concentrations. Our model analysis shows how chemical reactions of air pollutants can modify proteins and thus their functionality in the human body, elucidating a molecular pathway that may explain air pollutant effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmi Mishra
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven Lelieveld
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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