1
|
Xiao H, Jiang B, Zhang Z, Zhu C, Chen J, Wang Y, Dong Y, Hao Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Xiao X, He G, Zhou Y, Luo X. New insight of electrogenerated H 2O 2 into oxychlorides inhibition and decontamination promotion: From radical to nonradical pathway during anodic oxidation of high Cl --laden wastewater process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 486:136948. [PMID: 39721481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Revised: 12/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/18/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
Anodic oxidation (AO) has been extensively hailed as a robust and promising technology for pollutant degradation, but the parasitic formation of oxychlorides (ClOx-) would induce a seriously over-evaluated electrochemical COD removal performance and dramatical biotoxicity increasement of the AO-treated Cl--laden effluents. Herein, we shed new light on the roles of H2O2 high-efficiently electrogenerated in three-dimensional (3D) reactor in inhibiting ClOx- production and promoting pollutant degradation, which has been overlooked in previous literature. Total yield of ClOx- in phenol simulated wastewater containing 30 mM Cl- was dropped from 25 mM and 24.3 mM to only 0.26 mM and 0.23 mM within 120 min after treating by 3D H2O2-involing systems with Ti/Ru-IrO2 and BDD anode, respectively. Meanwhile, the COD removal of 3D Ti/Ru-IrO2-based system was increased by 57 % (85 % removal at 0.011 kWh g-1 COD), comparable to that of 3D BDD-based system (90 % removal at 0.008 kWh g-1 COD), the energy consumption of which were far less than those of conventional 2D and 3D electro-Fenton systems (0.08-0.2 kWh g-1 COD). During degradation process of Cl--bearing phenol by 3D AO-H2O2 systems, the anodically produced species (Cl•, Cl2•-, ClO-) were rapidly quenched by the in-situ electrogenerated H2O2 and then successfully transformed into 1O2. The radical pathway of reaction between H2O2 and Cl•/Cl2•- had a more obviously thermodynamical advantage (∆G = 11.5 kJ mol-1) than nonradical pathway between H2O2 and ClO- (∆G = 171 kJ mol-1) based on DFT analysis. And the steady-state concentration of 1O2 was 8.8 × 10-9 M and 4.2 × 10-10 M in 3D Ti/Ru-IrO2 and BDD-based system, respectively, which collectively took responsibility for the termination of ClOx- production and promotion of organic pollutant degradation. This work provides a technical feasibility in the practical utilization of AO technology to wastewater treatment without toxic oxychloride by-products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiji Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Functional Biology and Pollution Control in Red Soil Regions, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
| | - Zhitong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Functional Biology and Pollution Control in Red Soil Regions, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China
| | - Chenxi Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Functional Biology and Pollution Control in Red Soil Regions, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Functional Biology and Pollution Control in Red Soil Regions, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Functional Biology and Pollution Control in Red Soil Regions, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China
| | - Yinghao Dong
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yongjie Hao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yijie Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Functional Biology and Pollution Control in Red Soil Regions, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China
| | - Genhe He
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Functional Biology and Pollution Control in Red Soil Regions, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Functional Biology and Pollution Control in Red Soil Regions, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Functional Biology and Pollution Control in Red Soil Regions, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan J, Arrazolo LK, Du J, Xu H, Fang S, Liu Y, Wu Z, Kim JH, Wu X. Effects of Ionic Interferents on Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction: Mechanistic Insight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12823-12845. [PMID: 38954631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate, a prevalent water pollutant, poses substantial public health concerns and environmental risks. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate (eNO3RR) has emerged as an effective alternative to conventional biological treatments. While extensive lab work has focused on designing efficient electrocatalysts, implementation of eNO3RR in practical wastewater settings requires careful consideration of the effects of various constituents in real wastewater. In this critical review, we examine the interference of ionic species commonly encountered in electrocatalytic systems and universally present in wastewater, such as halogen ions, alkali metal cations, and other divalent/trivalent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-/CO32-, SO42-, and PO43-). Notably, we categorize and discuss the interfering mechanisms into four groups: (1) loss of active catalytic sites caused by competitive adsorption and precipitation, (2) electrostatic interactions in the electric double layer (EDL), including ion pairs and the shielding effect, (3) effects on the selectivity of N intermediates and final products (N2 or NH3), and (4) complications by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and localized pH on the cathode surface. Finally, we summarize the competition among different mechanisms and propose future directions for a deeper mechanistic understanding of ionic impacts on eNO3RR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Fan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Leslie K Arrazolo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jiaxin Du
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Fang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Xuanhao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen W, Rigby K, Lim HJ, Kim DJ, Kim JH. Tackling Challenges of Long-Term Electrode Stability in Electrochemical Treatment of 1,4-Dioxane in Groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58. [PMID: 39014918 PMCID: PMC11296307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation is an appealing point-of-use groundwater treatment option for removing pollutants such as 1,4-dioxane, which is difficult to remove by using conventional separation-based techniques. This study addresses a critical challenge in employing electrochemical cells in practical groundwater treatment─electrode stability over long-term operation. This study aims to simulate realistic environmental scenarios by significantly extending the experimental time scale, testing a flow-through cell in addition to a batch reactor, and employing an electrolyte with a conductivity equivalent to that of groundwater. We first constructed a robust titanium suboxide nanotube mesh electrode that is utilized as both anode and cathode. We then implemented a pulsed electrolysis strategy in which reactive oxygen species are generated during the anodic cycle, and the electrode is regenerated during the cathodic cycle. Under optimized conditions, single-pass treatment through the cell (effective area: 2 cm2) achieved a remarkable 65-70% removal efficiency for 1,4-dioxane in the synthetic groundwater for over 100 h continuous operation at a low current density of 5 mA cm-2 and a water flux of 6 L m-2 h-1. The electrochemical cell and pulse treatment scheme developed in this study presents a critical advancement toward practical groundwater treatment technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Zachry
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kali Rigby
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Hyun Jeong Lim
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic
of Korea
| | - David J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao J, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Xue S, Young J, Zhao M, Ren ZJ, Kim JH, Zhang W. Coupling Curvature and Hydrophobicity: A Counterintuitive Strategy for Efficient Electroreduction of Nitrate into Ammonia. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10302-10311. [PMID: 38537206 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical upcycling of nitrate (NO3-) to ammonia (NH3) holds promise for synergizing both wastewater treatment and NH3 synthesis. Efficient stripping of gaseous products (NH3, H2, and N2) from electrocatalysts is crucial for continuous and stable electrochemical reactions. This study evaluated a layered electrocatalyst structure using copper (Cu) dendrites to enable a high curvature and hydrophobicity and achieve a stratified liquid contact at the gas-liquid interface of the electrocatalyst layer. As such, gaseous product desorption or displacement from electrocatalysts was enhanced due to the separation of a wetted reaction zone and a nonwetted zone for gas transfer. Consequently, this electrocatalyst structure yielded a 2.9-fold boost in per-active-site activity compared with that with a low curvature and high hydrophilic counterpart. Moreover, a NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 90.9 ± 2.3% was achieved with nearly 100% NO3- conversion. This high-curvature hydrophobic Cu dendrite was further integrated with a gas-extraction membrane, which demonstrated a comparable NH3 yield from the real reverse osmosis retentate brine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qingquan Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shan Xue
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Joshua Young
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mengqiang Zhao
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Taqieddin A, Sarrouf S, Ehsan MF, Alshawabkeh AN. New Insights on Designing the Next-Generation Materials for Electrochemical Synthesis of Reactive Oxidative Species Towards Efficient and Scalable Water Treatment: A Review and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 11:111384. [PMID: 38186676 PMCID: PMC10769459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical water remediation technologies offer several advantages and flexibility for water treatment and degradation of contaminants. These technologies generate reactive oxidative species (ROS) that degrade pollutants. For the implementation of these technologies at an industrial scale, efficient, scalable, and cost-effective in-situ ROS synthesis is necessary to degrade complex pollutant mixtures, treat large amount of contaminated water, and clean water in a reasonable amount of time and cost. These targets are directly dependent on the materials used to generate the ROS, such as electrodes and catalysts. Here, we review the key design aspects of electrocatalytic materials for efficient in-situ ROS generation. We present a mechanistic understanding of ROS generation, including their reaction pathways, and integrate this with the key design considerations of the materials and the overall electrochemical reactor/cell. This involves tunning the interfacial interactions between the electrolyte and electrode which can enhance the ROS generation rate up to ~ 40% as discussed in this review. We also summarized the current and emerging materials for water remediation cells and created a structured dataset of about 500 electrodes and 130 catalysts used for ROS generation and water treatment. A perspective on accelerating the discovery and designing of the next generation electrocatalytic materials is discussed through the application of integrated experimental and computational workflows. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive review and perspectives on designing and discovering materials for ROS synthesis, which are critical not only for successful implementation of electrochemical water remediation technologies but also for other electrochemical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taqieddin
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Stephanie Sarrouf
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Muhammad Fahad Ehsan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|