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Jiao X, Zhou L, Zhao W, Yuan W, Yang B, Zhang L, Huang W, Long S, Xu J, Shen H, Tao S, Wang C. Significant Cross-Contamination Caused by Cooking Fume Transport between Dwelling Units in Multilayer Buildings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025; 59:9665-9675. [PMID: 40340370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2025]
Abstract
Cross-contamination in multiunit residential buildings is an inevitable but poorly studied issue. We conducted a 2-month monitoring campaign in a multilayer residential building, identifying 53 interunit kitchen exhaust transmission events (∼2 per day), causing enhanced exposure of particulate matters (PM), black carbon (BC), NOx, and CO and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in both the kitchen and living room. These events resulted in a 40-80% increase in PM deposition in the respiratory systems for occupants in the living room, especially fine particles depositing in the alveolar region. Evidence indicates that these pollutant events originated from cooking fume transport. The geometric mean diameter of kitchen particles decreased from 76 nm during background periods to 62 nm during transport events, consistent with smaller PM from cooking activities. Furthermore, 30 cooking-related VOCs were identified as transport indicators, including hazardous species such as aldehydes. We confirmed that leakage of cooking fume through the shared kitchen exhaust duct led to cross-contamination, which can be effectively mitigated by using exhaust hoods, air cleaners, or opening windows during mealtimes. This research provides the first quantitative assessment of cooking emission transport between dwellings in multilayer housing, highlighting the significant impact of cross-contamination in high-density residential environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiao Jiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wangchao Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenting Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weilin Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiqian Long
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiwen Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Observation and Research Station of Guangdong Province, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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