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Khan MR, Sadiq MB, Vápenka L, Volpe S, Rajchl A, Torrieri E. Role of quality assessment of the recycled packaging material in determining its safety profile as food contact material. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 188:72-85. [PMID: 39116658 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Food packaging waste significantly impacts global environmental changes, prompting the adoption of a green circular economy approach. Recycling packaging waste is a critical element of this strategy. However, it faces challenges related to the quality of recycled materials and concerns about their safety. Thus, this review aimed to highlight different analytical methods alone or in combination to evaluate the quality of the recycled material. Furthermore, the safety and health aspects related to the migration of contaminants and their relevant regulations have also been discussed. An important parameter while selecting an appropriate recycling method is the composition and nature of the recyclate, for instance, HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), and PP (Polypropylene) materials can be recycled using mechanical and chemical recycling, however, PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and PS (Polystyrene) present challenges during mechanical recycling due to lower molecular weight and complex compositions, thus are often downcycled into lower-grade products. Still, recycled papers can be more problematic than recycled plastics due to the nature of the materials and the impact of recycling. The literature review suggested that three quality properties i.e., presence of low molecular weight compounds, degree of degradation, and composition should be analyzed by using different spectroscopic, thermo-mechanical, and chromatographic techniques to obtain a detailed understanding of recycled material quality. Furthermore, recycling should be done in such a way that the migration of contaminants should be lower than the migratory limits set by the relevant authorities to avoid any toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rehan Khan
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy; Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology (FPBT), Department of Food Preservation, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sadiq
- School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lukáš Vápenka
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology (FPBT), Department of Food Preservation, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefania Volpe
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Aleš Rajchl
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology (FPBT), Department of Food Preservation, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Torrieri
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
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Zafar MJ, Elsayed H, Bernardo E. Waste Glass Upcycling Supported by Alkali Activation: An Overview. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2169. [PMID: 38730975 PMCID: PMC11085247 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Alkali-activated materials are gaining much interest due to their outstanding performance, including their great resistance to chemical corrosion, good thermal characteristics, and ability to valorise industrial waste materials. Reusing waste glasses in creating alkali-activated materials appears to be a viable option for more effective solid waste utilisation and lower-cost products. However, very little research has been conducted on the suitability of waste glass as a prime precursor for alkali activation. This study examines the reuse of seven different types of waste glasses in the creation of geopolymeric and cementitious concretes as sustainable building materials, focusing in particular on how using waste glasses as the raw material in alkali-activated materials affects the durability, microstructures, hydration products, and fresh and hardened properties in comparison with using traditional raw materials. The impacts of several vital parameters, including the employment of a chemical activator, gel formation, post-fabrication curing procedures, and the distribution of source materials, are carefully considered. This review will offer insight into an in-depth understanding of the manufacturing and performance in promising applications of alkali-activated waste glass in light of future uses. The current study aims to provide a contemporary review of the chemical and structural properties of glasses and the state of research on the utilisation of waste glasses in the creation of alkali-activated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamada Elsayed
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Enrico Bernardo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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A H, C PP, Mary Y, G ST, Raghunandan R. Spectral, Thermal, Structural, and DFT studies of New Luminescent Heterobimetallic MOF of Lead and Sodium based on Diglycolic acid ligand having unusual coordination environment for Photodegradation and Antibacterial applications. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Wang F, Xu B, Yang B, Shi T. The lead removal evolution from hazardous waste cathode ray tube funnel glass under enhancement of red mud melting and synthesizing value-added glass-ceramics via reutilization of silicate resources. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128334. [PMID: 35091191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waste CRT funnel glass (FG) is a typical hazardous waste produced by the electronics industry that contains toxic lead oxide, red mud (RM) is the first waste produced during alumina production. Both of these are extremely difficult to reuse. Here, we report a method to control FG waste, in which RM was used to enhance the removal of Pb from FG via a vacuum thermal process. The removed residual glass was utilized to create glass-ceramics. The results showed that RM can enhance the lead removal from waste CRT funnel glass by the vacuum thermal process. When 30% RM was added, the removal rate reached 98.54%. A significant mechanism of enhancing delead is investigated by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the -Pb-O-Si-O- network structure was broken by the free calcium ions of RM. Afterward, valuable glass-ceramics with tetragonal-KAlSi2O6 and triclinic-CaSiO3 crystals were synthesized using the residual glass. The Pb, Ba, Cr, and Cu leaching concentrations of the glass-ceramics were well below the regulatory limit (5 mg/L) of the CA-EPA, as measured by the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. Overall, the results indicated that RM enhanced the removal of lead during the vacuum thermal process. The synthesis of value-added glass-ceramics reutilized silicate resources from waste cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass and RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming 650093, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China; School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Baoqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming 650093, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China.
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming 650093, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
| | - Tengteng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clear Utilization, Kunming 650093, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming 650093, PR China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
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Zhang Q, Li L, Liu F, Li S, Wei X, Wang W, Chen H, Pan Y, Li Y. Optical thermometry of Tm3+/Yb3+ Co-doped Ba3Gd2F12 up-conversion glass-ceramic with high sensitivity. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.122927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Parruzot B, Ryan JV, Lines AM, Bryan SA, Neeway JJ, Chatterjee S, Lukins CD, Casella AJ. Method for the in situ Measurement of pH and Alteration Extent for Aluminoborosilicate Glasses Using Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11812-11819. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Parruzot
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Joseph V. Ryan
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Amanda M. Lines
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samuel A. Bryan
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - James J. Neeway
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Craig D. Lukins
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Amanda J. Casella
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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