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Dong G, Zhang Y, Sato T, Nagasawa H, Kanezashi M, Tsuru T. Reverse osmosis and pervaporation of organic liquids using organosilica membranes: Performance analysis and predictions. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanying Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Chemical Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagasawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | | | - Toshinori Tsuru
- Department of Chemical Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
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2
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Practical Considerations of Wastewater-Seawater Integrated Reverse Osmosis: Design Constraint by Boron Removal. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11040240. [PMID: 33800604 PMCID: PMC8066044 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The wastewater-seawater (WW-SW) integrated reverse osmosis (RO) process has gained much attention in and out of academia due to its energy saving capability, economic benefits, and sustainability. The other advantage of this process is to reduce boron concentration in the RO permeate that can exclude the post-treatment process. However, there are multiple design constraints regarding boron removal that restrict process design in the WW-SW integrated system. In this study, uncertainties in design factors of the WW-SW integrated system in consideration of boron removal have been explored. In comprehensive consideration of the blending ratio of between WW and SW, regulatory water quality standard, specific energy consumption (SEC), specific water cost, and RO recovery rate, a range of 15,000~20,000 mg/L feed turned out to be the most appropriate. Furthermore, boron rejection tests with SWRO (seawater reverse osmosis) and BWRO (brackish water reverse osmosis) membranes under actual WW-SW integration found a critical reduction in boron rejection at less than 20 bar of operating pressure. These findings emphasize the importance of caution in the use of BWRO membranes in the WW-SW integrated RO system.
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Theoretical Analysis of a Mathematical Relation between Driving Pressures in Membrane-Based Desalting Processes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11030220. [PMID: 33808923 PMCID: PMC8003649 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osmotic and hydraulic pressures are both indispensable for operating membrane-based desalting processes, such as forward osmosis (FO), pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), and reverse osmosis (RO). However, a clear relation between these driving pressures has not thus far been identified; hence, the effect of change in driving pressures on systems has not yet been sufficiently analyzed. In this context, this study formulates an actual mathematical relation between the driving pressures of membrane-based desalting processes by taking into consideration the presence of energy loss in each driving pressure. To do so, this study defines the pseudo-driving pressures representing the water transport direction of a system and the similarity coefficients that quantify the energy conservation rule. Consequently, this study finds three other theoretical constraints that are required to operate membrane-based desalting processes. Furthermore, along with the features of the similarity coefficients, this study diagnoses the commercial advantage of RO over FO/PRO and suggests desirable optimization sequences applicable to each process. Since this study provides researchers with guidelines regarding optimization sequences between membrane parameters and operational parameters for membrane-based desalting processes, it is expected that detailed optimization strategies for the processes could be established.
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Geng Z, Liang S, Sun M, Liu C, He N, Yang X, Cui X, Fan W, Wang X, Huo Y. High-Performance, Free-Standing Symmetric Hybrid Membranes for Osmotic Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:8967-8975. [PMID: 33576595 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The internal concentration polarization (ICP) of asymmetric osmotic membranes with support layers greatly reduced membrane water permeability, therefore compromising membrane performance. In this study, a series of free-standing symmetric hybrid forward osmosis (FO) membranes without experiencing ICP were fabricated by covalently linking metal-organic framework (MOF) nanofillers with a polymer matrix. Owing to the introduction of MOFs, which allow only water permeation but reject salts by steric hindrance, the prepared hybrid membranes could approach the empirical permeability-selectivity trade-off. The optimized hybrid membrane displayed an outstanding water/Na2SO4 selectivity of ∼1208.4 L mol-1, compared with that of conventional membranes of ∼375.6 L mol-1. Additionally, the fabricated hybrid membranes showed excellent mechanical robustness, maintaining structural integrity during the long-term FO separation of high-salinity solution. This work provides an effective methodology to fabricate high-performance, symmetric MOF-based membranes for osmotic separation processes such as seawater desalination and water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Geng
- College of Environment, Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Shiqiang Liang
- College of Environment, Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Chuhan Liu
- College of Environment, Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Nan He
- College of Environment, Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xia Yang
- College of Environment, Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiaochun Cui
- College of Environment, Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Environment, Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- College of Environment, Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yang Huo
- College of Environment, Research Centre for Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Water Quality Protection, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
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Lee C, Nguyen TT, Adha RS, Shon HK, Kim IS. Influence of hydrodynamic operating conditions on organic fouling of spiral-wound forward osmosis membranes: Fouling-induced performance deterioration in FO-RO hybrid system. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116154. [PMID: 32823194 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The forward osmosis-reverse osmosis (FO-RO) hybrid process has been extensively researched as part of attempts to reduce the high energy consumption of conventional seawater reverse osmosis in recent years. FO operating conditions play a substantial role in the hybrid process, dictating not only the performance of the entire system but also the propensity for fouling, which deteriorates performance in long-term field operations. Therefore, determining the optimal FO operating conditions with regard to membrane fouling may promote sustainable operation through efficient fouling control. This study thus evaluated the influence of each hydrodynamic operating condition (feed flowrate, draw flowrate, and hydraulic pressure difference) and their synergistic effects on fouling propensity in a pilot-scale FO operation under seawater and municipal wastewater conditions. Fouling-induced variation in water flux, channel pressure drop, diluted concentration, and the resulting specific energy consumption (SEC) were comparatively analyzed and utilized to project performance variation in a full-scale FO-RO system. Fouling-induced performance reduction significantly varied depending on hydrodynamic operating conditions and the resultant fouling propensity during 15 days of continuous operation. A high feed flowrate demonstrated a clear ability to mitigate fouling-induced performance deterioration in all conditions. A high draw flowrate turned out to be detrimental for fouling propensity since its high reverse solute flux accelerated fouling growth. Applying additional hydraulic pressure during FO operation caused a faster reduction of water flux, and thus feed recovery and water production; however, these drawbacks could be compensated for by a 10% reduction in the required FO membrane area and an additional reduction in RO SEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Thanh-Tin Nguyen
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Rusnang Syamsul Adha
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW2007, Australia
| | - In S Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea; Global Desalination Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdanwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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Arabi S, Pellegrin ML, Aguinaldo J, Sadler ME, McCandless R, Sadreddini S, Wong J, Burbano MS, Koduri S, Abella K, Moskal J, Alimoradi S, Azimi Y, Dow A, Tootchi L, Kinser K, Kaushik V, Saldanha V. Membrane processes. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1447-1498. [PMID: 32602987 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This literature review provides a review for publications in 2018 and 2019 and includes information membrane processes findings for municipal and industrial applications. This review is a subsection of the annual Water Environment Federation literature review for Treatment Systems section. The following topics are covered in this literature review: industrial wastewater and membrane. Bioreactor (MBR) configuration, membrane fouling, design, reuse, nutrient removal, operation, anaerobic membrane systems, microconstituents removal, membrane technology advances, and modeling. Other sub-sections of the Treatment Systems section that might relate to this literature review include the following: Biological Fixed-Film Systems, Activated Sludge, and Other Aerobic Suspended Culture Processes, Anaerobic Processes, and Water Reclamation and Reuse. This publication might also have related information on membrane processes: Industrial Wastes, Hazardous Wastes, and Fate and Effects of Pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph Wong
- Brown and Caldwell, Walnut Creek, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeff Moskal
- Suez Water Technologies & Solutions, Oakville, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrew Dow
- Donohue and Associates, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Lee C, Jang J, Tin NT, Kim S, Tang CY, Kim IS. Effect of Spacer Configuration on the Characteristics of FO Membranes: Alteration of Permeation Characteristics by Membrane Deformation and Concentration Polarization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6385-6395. [PMID: 32310656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane deformation is a significant problem in osmotically driven membrane processes, as it restricts practical operating conditions and reduces overall process performance due to unfavorable alteration of membrane permeation characteristics. In this respect, a spacer plays a crucial role, as it dictates the form and extent of membrane deformation in association with concentration polarization (CP), which is also influenced by spacer-induced hydrodynamic behavior near the membrane surface. These two roles of spacers on membrane permeation characteristics are inherently inseparable with the coexistence of hydraulic and osmotic pressures. Here, we suggest a novel analytical method to differentially quantify the proportions of effective osmotic pressure drop caused by membrane deformation and CP. Furthermore, we tested two different FO membranes with three different spacer configurations to define and discuss different forms of membrane deformation and their effects on membrane permeation characteristics. The differential analysis revealed the effect of spacer configuration on effective osmotic pressure drop in membrane deformation (up to ∼201% of variation) is much greater than that in CP (up to ∼20.1% of variation). In addition, a combined configuration of a feed spacer and tricot spacer demonstrated its ability of mitigating membrane deformation with lower selectivity loss and channel pressure drop under pressurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Jang
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Thanh Tin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Suhun Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical 9 Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 12 University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - In S Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
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Lee DJ, Hsieh MH. Forward osmosis membrane processes for wastewater bioremediation: Research needs. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121795. [PMID: 31326216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing research and development works have been made to develop forward osmosis (FO) processes as a cost-effective substitute for energy intensive water vacuum suction facility in submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) applications. Perceived to be a spontaneous water driven process without external applied pressures, the FO has been applied in lab and pilot scales for wastewater bioremediation. This paper reviewed the state-of-the-art developments on the FO unit, the process, and ways of enhancing process performance, particularly on the aspects of flux enhancement, flow resistance reduction, and draw solute with low reverse salt diffusion, which are relevant to enhanced osmotic MBR performance. The perspective to realize the use of FO processes in revision of currently existing energy intensive osmotic MBR processes is discussed with research needs being highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; College of Technology and Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 10610, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Huan Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Bao X, Wu Q, Shi W, Wang W, Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Zhang B, Guo Y, Cui F. Dendritic amine sheltered membrane for simultaneous ammonia selection and fouling mitigation in forward osmosis. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Son M, Kim T, Yang W, Gorski CA, Logan BE. Electro-Forward Osmosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8352-8361. [PMID: 31267728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact of ion migration induced by an electrical field on water flux in a forward osmosis (FO) process was examined using a thin-film composite (TFC) membrane, held between two cation exchange membranes. An applied fixed current of 100 mA (1.7 mA cm-2) was sustained by the proton flux through the TFC-BW membrane using a feed of 34 mM NaCl, and a 257 mM NaCl draw solution. Protons generated at the anode were transported through the cation exchange membrane and into the draw solution, lowering the pH of the draw solution. Additional proton transport through the TFC-BW membrane also lowered the pH of the feed solution. The localized accumulation of the protons on the draw side of the TFC-BW membrane resulted in high concentration polarization modulus of 1.41 × 105, which enhanced the water flux into the draw solution (5.56 LMH at 100 mA), compared to the control (1.10 LMH with no current). These results using this electro-forward osmosis (EFO) process demonstrated that enhanced water flux into the draw solution could be achieved using ion accumulation induced by an electrical field. The EFO system could be used for FO applications where a limited use of draw solute is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Son
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Institute for a Sustainable Environment , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Wulin Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Christopher A Gorski
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Bruce E Logan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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Bao X, Wu Q, Shi W, Wang W, Yu H, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Cui F. Polyamidoamine dendrimer grafted forward osmosis membrane with superior ammonia selectivity and robust antifouling capacity for domestic wastewater concentration. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 153:1-10. [PMID: 30684821 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing a forward osmosis (FO) membrane with superior ammonia selectivity and robust antifouling performance is important for treating domestic wastewater (DW) but challenging due to the similar polarities and hydraulic radii of NH4+ and water molecules. Herein, we investigated the feasibility of using polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer to simultaneously enhance the ammonia rejection rate and antifouling capacity of the thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane. PAMAM dendrimer with abundant, easily-protonated, terminal amine groups was grafted on TFC-FO membrane surface via covalent bonds, which inspired the TFC-FO membrane surface with appreciable Zeta potential (isoelectric point: pH = 5.5) and outstanding hydrophilicity (water contact angle: 39.83 ± 0.57°). Benefiting from the electrostatic repulsion between the protonated amine layer and NH4+-N as well as the concentration-induced diffusion resistance, the introduction of PAMAM dendrimer endowed the grafted membrane with a superior NH4+-N rejection rate of 98.23% and a significantly reduced the reverse solute flux when using NH4Cl solutions as feed solution. Meanwhile, the perfect balance between the electrostatic repulsion to positively-charged micromoleculer ions (metal ions and NH4+-N) and the electrostatic attraction to negatively-charged macromolecular organic foulants together with the hydrophilic nature of amine groups facilitated the enhancement of the grafted membranes in antifouling capacity and hence the NH4+-N selectivity (rejection rate of 91.81%) during the concentration of raw DW. The overall approach of this work opens up a frontier for preparation of ammonia-selective and antifouling TFC-FO membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Huarong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Zhigao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Ruijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Fuyi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China; College of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
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Dai R, Zhang X, Liu M, Wu Z, Wang Z. Porous metal organic framework CuBDC nanosheet incorporated thin-film nanocomposite membrane for high-performance forward osmosis. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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