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Chen R, Li J, Wang J, Yang W, Shen S, Dong F. Continuous NO Upcycling into Ammonia Promoted by SO 2 in Flue Gas: Poison Can Be a Gift. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12127-12134. [PMID: 37531586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Although ammonia (NH3) synthesis efficiency from the NO reduction reaction (NORR) is significantly promoted in recent years, one should note that NO is one of the major air pollutants in the flue gas. The limited NO conversion ratio is still the key challenge for the sustainable development of the NORR route, which potentially contributes more to contaminant emissions rather than its upcycling. Herein, we provide a simple but effective approach for continuous NO reduction into NH3, promoted by coexisting SO2 poison as a gift in the flue gas. It is significant to discover that SO2 plays a decisive role in elevating the capacity of NO absorption and reduction. A unique redox pair of SO2-NO is constructed, which contributes to the exceptionally high conversion ratio for both NO (97.59 ± 1.42%) and SO2 (99.24 ± 0.49%) in a continuous flow. The ultrahigh selectivity for both NO-to-NH3 upcycling (97.14 ± 0.55%) and SO2-to-SO42- purification (92.44 ± 0.71%) is achieved synchronously, demonstrating strong practicability for the value-added conversion of air contaminants. The molecular mechanism is revealed by comprehensive in situ technologies to identify the essential contribution of SO2 to NO upcycling. Besides, realistic practicality is realized by the efficient product recovery and resistance ability against various poisoning effects. The proposed strategy in this work not only achieves a milestone efficiency for NH3 synthesis from the NORR but also raises great concerns about contaminant resourcing in realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Chen
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieyuan Li
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Jielin Wang
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Yang
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Shen
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Dong
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, People's Republic of China
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Sharif HMA, Ali M, Mahmood A, Asif MB, Din MAU, Sillanpää M, Mahmood A, Yang B. Separation of Fe from wastewater and its use for NO x reduction; a sustainable approach for environmental remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135103. [PMID: 35623439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen and sulphur oxide (NOx and SO2) emissions are causing a serious threat to the existence of life on earth, requiring their effective removal for a sustainable future. Among various approaches, catalytic or electrochemical reduction of air pollutants (NOx) has gained much attention due to its high efficiency and the possibility of converting these gases into valuable products. However, the required catalysts are generally synthesized from lab-grade chemicals, which may not be a sustainable approach. Herein, a sustainable approach is presented to synthesize an efficient iron-based catalyst directly from industrial/lake wastewater (WW) for NOx-reduction. According to the theoretical calculations and experimental results, Fe-ions could be readily recovered from wastewater because it has the best adsorption efficiency among all other co-existing metals (Ni2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+). The subsequent experimental investigations confirmed the preferential Fe adsorption from different WW streams to develop Fe3O4@EDTA-Fe composite, whereby Fe3O4 could be used due to its high recycling ability, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) acted as a chelating agent to adsorb Fe-metal from effluents. The Fe3O4@EDTA-Fe exhibited high efficiency (≥87%) for NOx reduction even in the presence of high-degree oxygen contents (10-12%). Moreover, Fe3O4-EDTA-Fe showed excellent long-term stability for 24 h and maintained more than 80% NOx reduction. The fabricated catalyst has a great potential for executing a dual role simultaneously for Fe-recovery and NOx removal, promoting the circular economy concept and providing a potentially sustainable remediation approach for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moazzam Ali
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayyaz Mahmood
- College of Physics and Optical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Asif
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPMC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Asif Mahmood
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
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Recent Breakthroughs and Advancements in NO x and SO x Reduction Using Nanomaterials-Based Technologies: A State-of-the-Art Review. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123301. [PMID: 34947650 PMCID: PMC8703905 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulpher oxides (NOx, SOx) have become a global issue in recent years due to the fastest industrialization and urbanization. Numerous techniques are used to treat the harmful exhaust emissions, including dry, traditional wet and hybrid wet-scrubbing techniques. However, several difficulties, including high-energy requirement, limited scrubbing-liquid regeneration, formation of secondary pollutants and low efficiency, limit their industrial utilization. Regardless, the hybrid wet-scrubbing technology is gaining popularity due to low-costs, less-energy consumption and high-efficiency removal of air pollutants. The removal/reduction of NOx and SOx from the atmosphere has been the subject of several reviews in recent years. The goal of this review article is to help scientists grasp the fundamental ideas and requirements before using it commercially. This review paper emphasizes the use of green and electron-rich donors, new breakthroughs, reducing GHG emissions, and improved NOx and SOx removal catalytic systems, including selective/non-catalytic reduction (SCR/SNCR) and other techniques (functionalization by magnetic nanoparticles; NP, etc.,). It also explains that various wet-scrubbing techniques, synthesis of solid iron-oxide such as magnetic (Fe3O4) NP are receiving more interest from researchers due to the wide range of its application in numerous fields. In addition, EDTA coating on Fe3O4 NP is widely used due to its high stability over a wide pH range and solid catalytic systems. As a result, the Fe3O4@EDTA-Fe catalyst is projected to be an optimal catalyst in terms of stability, synergistic efficiency, and reusability. Finally, this review paper discusses the current of a heterogeneous catalytic system for environmental remedies and sustainable approaches.
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Sharif HMA, Mahmood N, Wang S, Hussain I, Hou YN, Yang LH, Zhao X, Yang B. Recent advances in hybrid wet scrubbing techniques for NO x and SO 2 removal: State of the art and future research. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129695. [PMID: 33524756 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the discharge of flue gas has become a global issue due to the rapid development in industrial and anthropogenic activities. Various dry and wet treatment approaches including conventional and hybrid hybrid wet scrubbing have been employing to combat against these toxic exhaust emissions. However, certain issues i.e., large energy consumption, generation of secondary pollutants, low regeneration of scrubbing liquid and high efficieny are hindering their practical applications on industrial level. Despite this, the hybrid wet scrubbing technique (advanced oxidation, ionic-liquids and solid engineered interface hybrid materials based techniques) is gaining great attention because of its low installation costs, simultaneous removal of multi-air pollutants and low energy requirements. However, the lack of understanding about the basic principles and fundamental requirements are great hurdles for its commercial scale application, which is aim of this review article. This review article highlights the recent developments, minimization of GHG, sustainable improvements for the regeneration of used catalyst via green and electron rich donors. It explains, various hybrid wet scrubbing techniques can perform well under mild condition with possible improvements such as development of stable, heterogeneous catalysts, fast and in-situ regeneration for large scale applications. Finally, it discussed recovery of resources i.e., N2O, NH3 and N2, the key challenges about several competitive side products and loss of catalytic activity over time to treat toxic gases via feasible solutions by hybrid wet scrubbing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, 3001, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shengye Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Ijaz Hussain
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Ya-Nan Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, PR China
| | - Li-Hui Yang
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, 523808, PR China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
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Liu J, Xu Y. NO x absorption and conversion by ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124503. [PMID: 33218907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) can be used as absorbents and catalysts for NOx absorption and conversion due to their low toxicity, low energy consumption and excellent reusability. The capacity and absorption mechanism of NOx absorption by ILs are presented in this paper. Generally, NOx are physically absorbed by conventional ILs such as imidazolium-based ILs. The absorption capacity is as follows: NO2>NO>N2O, which is in good agreement with the binding energy between NOx and ILs. Furthermore, low temperature, high pressure and large cation volume are favorable for NOx absorption. The strategies of enhancing NOx capacity through functionalized ILs with metal-containing anions (e.g. [FeCl4]2-), amine groups, sulfonate and carboxylate anions are also concluded. Active N or O sites in functionalized ILs can react with the dimer of NO (N2O2), resulting in high capacity. Moreover, introducing electron-withdrawing substituents such as chlorine and bromine into carboxylate or sulfonate anions reduces desorption residue. Besides NOx absorption, ILs with [NO3]- can activate NO and efficiently catalyze its conversion into HNO3 in the presence of O2 and H2O, and have better performance than ILs with [Cl]-, [Ac]- and [CF3SO3]-, which is attributed to the strong oxidization capability of [NO3]-. In addition, low temperature and high O2 content can further improve NO conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yingjie Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
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Li P, Shang D, Tu W, Zeng S, Nie Y, Bai L, Dong H, Zhang X. NH3 absorption performance and reversible absorption mechanisms of protic ionic liquids with six-membered N-heterocyclic cations. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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